Victims Of Traffic Accidents Research Articles

Comunicação em emergência ao familiar da vítima de ocorrência de trânsito

The aim of this study was to learn about the means of communication with the family member of the traffic accident victim. Qualitative, exploratory, descriptive study, followed the convergent care research, seventeen professionals participated, fifteen Nurses and two Social Assistants assigned to an emergency. Data collection was performed using the self-report technique and subjected to thematic analysis. Nurses are the professionals who communicate the accident to families, by telephone contact, in case of failure, refer to the Social Worker, the means of access to families is the most difficult factor in the process of communicating traffic accidents. This study brings to the knowledge in nursing and health, the urgent action to drive and create protocols and communication flows of traffic incidents to the families of the victims. Important strategy to support the health care provided in emergency spaces and to legitimize integrality and accessibility to health.

Using Artificial Neural Network to Destroy the Process of Traffic Accident Victims in Yazd Province

Background: Road accidents are among the most important causes of death and severe personal and financial injuries. Also, its profound social, cultural, and economic effects threaten human societies. This study aimed to estimate the trend of traffic accident victims in Yazd Province, Iran, to predict the number of traffic accident victims in this province. Materials and Methods: Based on traffic casualty statistics referred to forensic medicine in Yazd Province within April 1989 and March 2017 referred to Forensic Medicine of Yazd Province and using an artificial neural network to predict the number of injured for 12 months ending in 2020 has been paid. The neural network used in this study had 12 inputs, one output, and 5 hidden layers. The network predicts the relationship between data after training and learning. The network is considered the MSE benchmark. Results: The number of injured in traffic accidents in Yazd Province in 2020 was equal to 7052 people, with the highest number in December with 832 people and the lowest in June with 414 people. The exact method of use was equal to 92 cases. Conclusion: The trend of traffic accident casualties in Yazd Province in 2020 will be declining. For future research, the exact method designed in this study can be examined with other methods for the best response level.

Time to reach health-care facility and hospital exit outcome among road traffic accident victims attending a tertiary care hospital, Puducherry.

BACKGROUND:In India, most of the deaths due to road traffic accidents (RTAs) occur within 24 h of the accident. Hence, this study aimed to assess the proportion of RTA victims reaching the health-care facilities within the golden hour.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care center in South India between August and September 2017. All RTA victims who were admitted for treatment in the emergency department during the study period were included. Data were collected using structured, pretested, and validated pro forma. Hospital exit outcomes between those who reached within 1 h and those who did not were expressed as proportion with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The factors associated with hospital exit outcomes were analyzed using a Chi-square test.RESULTS:Among 626 RTA victims, the mean (standard deviation) age was 37.4 (2.6) years, and about 83% (n = 521) were male. More than one-third (37%) of the RTAs occurred on urban roads (n = 235, 37.5%). A total of 424 (67.7%) were referred from other hospitals. The mean time taken for RTA victims to reach any health-care facility was 3 h. More than half (n = 346, 55% [95% CI: 51.3–59.2]) of the RTA victims had reached a health-care facility within the golden hour. Among those who reached beyond the golden hour, one-fourth (n = 77, 27.5%) were delayed due to the unavailability of transporting vehicles. Delay in communication (n = 59, 21.1%), prolonged travel (n = 41, 14.6%), lack of knowledge about nearby facilities (n = 39, 13.9%), nonavailability of attenders (n = 35, 12.5%) and financial issues (n = 29, 10.4%) were the other reasons for the delay.CONCLUSION:Almost half of the RTA victims reached the health-care facilities after the golden hour. Unavailability of ambulances or vehicles for transport and delay in communication were the important factors that played a role in the delay.

Measuring medical graduate behavioral intention for administering on-site care to road traffic accident victims: Development and validation of a questionnaire.

Prehospital trauma care skills are often taught and assessed in undergraduate medical curricula but the intention to voluntarily offer these skills in out of hospital or primary care settings is poorly understood. The objective is to develop and validate a questionnaire measuring behavioral intention among medical graduates for administering on-site care to road accident victims. A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2018 to February 2019, among medical graduates of an academic institution in Jodhpur, Rajasthan. Items for "Measure of Intention to help road accident victim (MIHRAV) instrument" were framed as per the constructs of theory of planned behavior. A total of 150 candidates undergoing internship were approached for informed consent and a link for online questionnaire was shared. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and tests for convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity was done using IBM SPSS version 23.0 for psychometric validation of scale. Original version of MIHRAV included 29 items which were reduced to 18 items. EFA identified five factors which explained 72% of cumulative variance with high Cronbach's α (0.920). Discriminant validity showed adequate correlations ranging from 0.283 to 0.541. Predictive validity demonstrated that model was significantly able to predict "behavioural intention to help" (F (4128) = 24.139, P = 0.0001) and explained 43% of variance. The findings reveal that developed instrument "MIHRAV" is a reliable and valid scale for predicting behavioral intention among medical graduates for administering onsite care to road accident victims.

Pattern of Morbidity and Mortality Due to Road Traffic Accident Cases at BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan

Introduction: Road traffic injuries and deaths caused by motor vehicles is a growing public health problem all over the world. Head injury and blunt abdominal trauma are major health problems and are frequent causes of death among Road Traffic Accident (RTA) victims. Methods: A total of 348 cases were examined in Emergency department and the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology at B.P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan during the period of one year. Data were collected using proforma and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 11.5. Injury Severity Score (ISS) was used to assess the severity of injuries. Result: There were 318 morbidity and 30 mortality cases. Male to female ratio was 2.2:1. The commonest age group involved was 21-30 years i.e.32.1%. The most common vehicle involved was two wheelers (60.9%) followed by heavy four or more wheelers (20.9%) and the most common nature of accident was through collision of the vehicles. Abrasion was the most common injury occurred during the RTA (61.2%). 34.1% of the victims had laceration, 8.6% had contusion and 20.9% had fractures. Median Injury Severity Score was 31.5 in mortality and 1 in morbidity cases. Conclusion: Road traffic accident is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. Injuries in various body regions are frequent findings in victims of RTA. The median Injury Severity Score (ISS) of mortality cases was significantly high compared to that of morbidity cases.

Thoughts on Road Traffic Control

The safety of travel on public roads is one of the most important issues to be developed in Hungary and in the European Union. The authors conducted a survey on the current state of the topic in Hungary. They examine the actions undertaken in traffic safety and traffic control in the past years in the country. Vehicle drivers consider regulations on speed limits and overspeeding to be less respectable and acceptable. The absolute transgression of the speed limit, also known as overspeeding, significantly increases the risk of accidents, and also adds to the severity of accidents, considering the majority of the traumas and the occurrence of fatalities in these accidents. Overspeeding is the greatest problem point in road traffic safety issues such as speeding, drunk driving and the use of passive road traffic safety gear. Considering the fatal road accidents in Hungary, it has become evident that the number of absolute overspeeding cases is significantly increasing. Overspeeding plays a significant role in the severity of the accident, especially in cases of unprotected travellers, pedestrians and cyclists. Traffic control is part of influencing the awareness and education of safe travelling. Police traffic control and accident prevention programmes aim to decrease the number of victims of road traffic accidents.

Caracterização das ocorrências do serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência – SAMU

Esse artigo buscou caracterizar as ocorrências do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência e Emergência por meio da pesquisa quantitativa, realizada com dados arquivados no Sistema de Informação do serviço. A amostragem selecionada correspondeu a quantidade de ocorrências atendidas nos meses de setembro à dezembro de 2019, e de janeiro à abril de 2020. A quantidade total de atendimentos no período de 2020 (6.158) foi bem próxima ao apresentado em 2019 (6.160). A média geral de atendimentos em 2019 e 2020 foi de 1.540 ocorrências. Em 2019 a USA apresentou a média de 258 atendimentos, da USB 1.197 e a motolância 45. A prevalência de atendimentos em 2020 realizados pela USB obteve a média 1.271, a USA 228 e a motolância 40. As ocorrências clínicas foram prevalentes em relação as outras naturezas. Porém, ressalta- se a incidência significativa dos serviços prestados às vítimas de acidente de trânsito, às vítimas de queda e aos pacientes internados que necessitaram de transferência inter-hospitalar.

Characteristics of Patients Admitted with Road Traffic Accidents (RTA) to General Hospital, Matara

Introduction: Road traffic accidents (RTA) result in significant mortality and morbidity. Identification of causes for accidents, injury pattern, type of injuries help to launch preventive strategies.Methods: We analyzed all consecutive road traffic accident victims admitted to surgery Unit A General Hospital Matara from 01 September 2019 to 29 February 2020. We analyzed age and sex of victims, pattern of injury, possible cause for accident, influence of alcohol and use of safety equipment.Results: There were 394 patients. 323 (82%) were males. Average age in males was 39 years (range 5-85) and in females 41 years(range 8-83). Vehicles involved were motor bicycles 238(62%), three wheelers 63(16%), buses 12(3%), Bicycles 40(10%), cars 15(4%). Causes for accidents were own wrong driving 160(44%), opponent vehicle wrong driving 107(30%), animals crossing road 41(11%), mechanical failure 40(11%), poor road quality 12(3%), man crossing road 3(1%). 92(23%) patients had consumed alcohol at the time and 40(17%) were without helmets. The area of the body affected was head in 185(47%), limb/extremity in 243(62%), chest in 74 (19%) and abdomen in 68(17%).Conclusion: Commonest vehicle involved was motor bicycle. Males were more affected. Limb injuries (62%) were the commonest trauma. 23% accidents are associated with alcohol drinking. Proper legislations implementation is necessary to control drunken drivers and riders without safety equipments. Wrong driving technique is the main cause for accidents (74%).

Traumatic dental injures on maxillary incisors and its sequelae after 22-years follow-up: a case report

Avulsion of a permanent tooth is a serious condition and a true dental emergency that can be associated with other traumatic injuries. In addition, in reimplanted avulsed teeth, ankylosis and external replacement resorption (ERR) are two typical biological responses, with long-term progression and outcome associated with the patient's growth stage. The purpose of this report is to present the long-term outcome of an 18-year-old patient who was the victim of a motor vehicle traffic accident that resulted in traumatic injury to the maxillary incisors, including an avulsed central incisor with extensive external replacement resorption (tooth 11). Twenty-two years later, due to the continuous effect of the ERR process on the reimplanted tooth and favorable bone weight, it was decided to perform rehabilitation with immediate guided implant by a simplified method (KEA-TECH system). In young patients, the decision to maintain the tooth even under unfavorable conditions may delay rehabilitation with implants.

Results of providing specialized medical care to victims in road traffic accidents on Federal highway M-8 “Kholmogory” in the Arkhangelsk region

Relevance. Currently, there is a general increase in the severity of injuries due to the dominance of high-energy multiple and concomitant injuries, especially on high-speed federal highways.Intention: To evaluate specialized medical care and hospital mortality in victims of road traffic accidents on the Federal Highway M-8 “Kholmogory” in the Arkhangelsk Region.Methodology. We selected 906 case histories of patients (form 003/y) injured in accidents on the federal highway M-8 “Kholmogory” and urgently admitted to hospitals of the Arkhangelsk region in 2012 - 2018. Registration forms were selected according to the criteria of retrospective full-design documentary observation. Differences between the observation groups were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05 with correction for multiple comparisons (Bonferroni).Results and Discussion. In the healthcare organizations of the Arkhangelsk region, patients with polytrauma received surgical treatment, with percentage of selective and urgent surgeries, average hospital bed days and time in intensive care units significantly higher (p = 0.001) compared to other patients, while isolated injuries were more often (p = 0.001) treated non-sur-gically. Hospital mortality was 6.0%, deceased patients were significantly older (p = 0.015), and pedestrians comprised half of them (p <0.001). Polytrauma was a cause of all deaths, with average severity of 38 points by the ISS severity scale [22; 48] (p = 0.001); more than a half died 1 day after an accident (p = 0.001).Conclusions. One of the possible ways to improve the medical care to victims of road traffic accidents on the federal highways at all stages of medical evacuation is to develop, scientifically justify and implement a systemic register of the health consequences of road traffic injuries in the practice of public health in the regions of Russian Federation.

Characteristics of lower limb injuries in non-fatal road traffic accidents: a retrospective analysis of forensic medical examinations

Background. Fractures of the lower limbs are one of the most common injuries in road traffic accidents, however, the frequency and localization of fractures, as well as associated trauma, are not well understood. The purpose of the study was to conduct a retrospective analysis of forensic medical examinations of victims with the road traffic injuries of the lower limbs. Results. The research material was 100 reports of forensic medical examinations of victims with fractures of the femur and/or shin bones resulting from a non-fatal road traffic accidents. The study found that the average age of the victims was 41.5 ± 18.8 years (18 - 81 years). The main contingent of those injured was pedestrians (82%). In victims, the most common injury was polytrauma; closed limb fractures were more common. Hip fractures of various localization were found in 39%, shin fractures - in 59%, ankle fractures - in 12%. Closed head injury with a concussion of the brain of a mild degree (23%), closed fractures of the ribs (3%), self-healing dislocation of the humerus (1%), diaphyseal fractures of the forearm (3%), distal radial bone fractures (7%), and fractures of styloid process of the ulna (2%) were also noted. Conclusions. The main victims of road traffic accidents are pedestrians with polytrauma. The most common localization of fractures of the lower extremities is the diaphysis of the femur and the diaphysis of the shin bones.

Pengaruh Pemberian Buku Saku Pre Hospital Tentang Evakuasi Korban Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas Terhadap Pengetahuan Anggota Pmr Sma Negeri 1 Sokaraja

Background : Evacuation of traffic accident victims in the pre-hospital stage is giving first aid to the victims in the accident location which is related to moving the victims. Red Cross Youth is a guidance forum from the Indonesian Red Cross whose duty is holding events related to health within the school or community. Improving knowledge of Red Cross Youth members can be done by giving pre-hospital pocketbook about the evacuation of traffic accident victims.Objective : Determining the effect of giving pre-hospital pocketbook about the evacuation of traffic accident victims on the knowledge of SMA Negeri 1 Sokaraja Red Cross Youth members.Method : The research used pre-experimental design through one group pre-test post-test approach. The research test used paired sample t-test involving 40 respondents, taken through total sampling.Results : It is found that giving pre-hospital pocketbook about the evacuation of traffic accident victims has an effect on the knowledge of SMA Negeri 1Sokaraja Red Cross Youth members with the p-value of 0.000.Conclusion : Giving pre-hospital pocketbook about the evacuation of traffic accident victims has an effect in improving the knowledge of Red Cross Youth members of SMA Negeri 1 Sokaraja.

Stratification of the equivalent for dental treatment cost estimation among victims with maxillofacial trauma injuries occurred after road-traffic accidents

The article represents the results of data analytical processing considering the equivalent for dental treatment cost estimation among victims of traffic accidents with dental and maxillofacial injuries, and analyzes the objective association level of this criterion with the parameters of the approaches used for expert assessment of maxillofacial trauma injuries. Objective of the study is to analyze the equivalent for dental treatment cost values among victims of traffic accidents with dental and maxillofacial trauma injuries, and to establish an objective level of associations of this criterion with the parameters of the approaches used for expert assessment of maxillofacial trauma injuries. The design of the work included analytical processing of data obtained from previously conducted studies of retrospective and prospective nature, related to the economic component of patients’ rehabilitation due to the maxillofacial injuries occurred after road traffic accidents. The studied parameters were: the cost of treatment, duration of hospitalization, the criterion used to assess traumatic injuries of the maxillofacial region, correlation values relating trauma characteristics with the final cost of treatment and duration of hospitalization, statistical reliability of the relationships between the studied indicators of previously conducted research. Research methods: analytical, prognostic assessment, regression analysis. Current approaches used for expert severity assessment of the maxillofacial trauma injuries occurred after road accidents characterized by limited opportunities to predict and stratify the costs associated with the necessary future dental treatment of victims, but provide a sufficient level of objectification of functional and structural disorders. The increase of the expert severity assessment criteria of maxillofacial trauma injuries, in particular FISS and MFISS scores, is associated with an increase in the cost of appropriate comprehensive treatment and the potentially required duration of hospitalization, but these associations are characterized by uneven patterns of statistical dependences, and an increase in FISS and MFISS indicators beyond certain limit levels provokes a sharp advance in the cost of treatment due to the need for a longer hospitalization of the patient.

Profile of deaths arising from traffic accidents in a municipality in the west of Santa Catarina

This study aimed at identifying characteristics of fatal victims of traffic accidents and describing the profile of deaths resulting from traffic accidents in Concórdia Santa Catarina. The method was an exploratory-descriptive quantitative study developed at the Instituto Médico Legal de Concórdia from January 2010 to July 2012 through the local database. Documents from 73 fatal victims. In this study, there was a higher occurrence of collisions with a car with another vehicle or stationary object. Fatal accidents day of the week was Sunday, from 6:01 pm to 8:00 pm, in the age group 19 to 38 years old, predominantly male, transport sector workers, with vehicle driver position at the time of the accident and the public road as a place deaths. The use of alcoholic beverages was found in 38.9%. It was possible to identify the most vulnerable population and to contribute to the creation of new policies and preventive measures, in the promotion of educational campaigns focused on traffic.

Retrospective Analysis of Pattern of Injuries in Road Traffic Accidents: An Autopsy Based Study

Accidents are a counter product of modernization and hasty life and are considered as a modern dayepidemic. A study was undertaken in Department of Forensic Medicine, G.M.C.H. to study of the patternof injuries in the victims of road traffic accidents. An autopsy-based, purposive random sampling techniquewas applied to select the study sample of 150 post-mortem examination cases of road traffic accidents. Thedata collected during the study period was thoroughly analysed. Results showed that almost 90% (89.33%)of the victims were male. At least 44 (29.33%) victims were of 21-30 years which was the most commonage group involved. Early detection of the injury and prompt treatment are necessary in saving the lives ofmany of these victims. So, it is clear that multidisciplinary approach is required to prevent deaths resultingfrom vehicular accidents.

Delivery of First Aid to Victims in Road Transportation Accidents

Relevance. Most of the victims of road accidents die prior to the arrival of medical staff, therefore, providing first aid to injured people in the first minutes after receiving injuries is very important for saving human life and health. Timely and skillful provision of first aid to victims of road accidents prevents further deterioration of the state of the human body and can positively affect the entire process of its further treatment and rehabilitation.Aim of study. To characterize the delivery of first aid to victims of road traffic accidents at the present stage and to outline possible ways for its improvement.Material and methods. To achieve this goal, an analysis was made of the results of domestic and foreign scientific research and regulatory legal acts on the issue of providing first aid to victims of road accidents. The literature search was carried out in specialized scientific search engines eLibrary, PubMed, Scopus using the keywords: first aid, prehospital stage, road traffic injuries, road traffic accidents. For the analysis, scientific articles published between 1980 and 2020 were selected. Resources with outdated or inaccurate information were excluded, some scientific papers were found by links to articles. The state of the problem of providing first aid to victims of road traffic injuries, for the most part, reflects scientific publications over the past ten years.

Organization of First Aid in the Arkhangelsk Region

Background The development and implementation of widespread training for rules, techniques and methods of providing first aid to the widest possible range of people will significantly reduce the level of disability and mortality among victims of road traffic accidents (RTAs).Aim of study To study the organization of first aid for the victims in the Arkhangelsk region.Material and methods Part 1. The journals of registration of attendance at classes with a trained contingent in the educational-methodical department of the School of Disaster Medicine of the Territorial Center for Disaster Medicine of the Arkhangelsk Region for the period from 01.01.2012 to 12.31.2018 are analyzed. Part 2. We selected 906 medical records of patients (003/u) affected by an accident on the federal highway M-8 “Kholmogory” and treated in hospitals of Arkhangelsk region, admitted acutely in period from 01.01.2012 till 31.12.2018. The study was conducted according to the criteria of retrospective continuous documentary observation. As a criterion of statistical significance, the probability of a random error of less than 5% (p<0.05) was applied using the correction for multiple comparisons (Bonferroni correction).Conclusion 1. The educational activities of the TCDH of the Arkhangelsk Region over a seven-year period are characterized by a significant increase in the total number of trained cadets (p<0.001); 2-fold increase in the number of trained motor vehicle drivers (p<0.001) and employees of Ministry of Emergency Situations and Russian Interior Ministry (p<0.001). 2. The first aid to injured in an accident on the federal highway M-8 Kholmogory in the Arkhangelsk Region was provided in 65 cases (7.2%); in almost 90% of cases, first aid was recorded in the Arkhangelsk and Severodvinsk medical districts of the Arkhangelsk region (p<0.001).

Skull Fracture Patterns and Morphologies Among Fatal Motorcycle Traffic Accident Victims in Vietnam.

We aim to describe morphological structures of skull fractures and relevant factors in motorcycle accident victims in Vietnam. This work represents a retrospective cross-sectional study based on forensic reports of fatal motorcycle accident victims. Between January 2013 and August 2019, a total of 226 fatal motorcycle accident patients with skull fracture diagnoses were enrolled. Linear and depressed fractures were the common patterns (46.0% and 37.2% of cases, respectively), whereas stellate (11.5%) fractures were rare. Fractures of the temporal bone (68.6% of cases) and basilar skull (60.6%) were the most common, whereas fractures of the parietal bone were the least common (9.7%). Two or more patterns of skull fracture were recorded in 25.5% of cases, and 2 or more fracture locations were recorded in 76.6% of cases. Fractures of the parietal bone were associated with victims not wearing a helmet. In addition, fractures of the basilar skull were more likely to occur among victims with alcohol consumption. We found the common pattern of skull fractures was linear and depressed fractures, and the common location of skull fractures was temporal and basilar bone. Further studies that include larger sample sizes and collect more information should be conducted to better understand relationships between skull fractures and related factors.

Study of pattern of injuries sustained by two-wheeler drivers in a tertiary care hospital of Bhopal city

Road Traffic Accident (RTA) is one of the major causes of death and disability in India, especially among two-wheeler drivers due to over speeding, carelessness, stunts on road, ignorance of safety measures and alcohol. It accounts for considerable loss of the nation in terms of life and property. To study the pattern of injuries among two-wheeler drivers in relation to different parameters in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bhopal City. The present study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital of Bhopal city. All the 2-wheeler drivers who were victims of Road traffic accidents & who reported to the emergency department of the study place during study period (from 1 January to 31 December 2017) were included in the study. Various parameters like age, gender of the victims, time of accident, seasonal variations, factor responsible for accident, types of injury sustained by the victims in relation to the use of helmet while driving and consumption of alcohol, duration of stay in the hospital and outcome of different injuries were considered. There was a clear-cut male preponderance (85.21%) with maximum involvement of younger age groups (21- 30 Years). Most of the accidents have been taken place in evening hours (6 pm to 12 midnight). The type of injury sustained in majority of cases was multiple injuries followed by head injury, among them most of the victims (79.68%) were not wearing the helmet. The most common factor responsible for the accidents (34.25%) was Rash Driving. Due to increasing population, increasing number of vehicles and over-burdened traffic, the incidence of RTA is rising especially in two-wheeler drivers and passengers. There is loss of productive and young lives of Country. It is very common to consume alcohol, not using protective measures, reckless driving, crossing the red signal especially in younger generation due to increasing work load of education and employment.

Epidemiological Pattern of Head Injuries in Road Traffic Accident Victims Presenting to a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India

Epidemiological Pattern of Head Injuries in Road Traffic Accident Victims Presenting to a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India