Victims Of Attacks Research Articles

Defensive Behavior and Integumentary Morphology of the Hairy Dwarf Porcupine Coendou spinosus (Rodentia: Erethizontidae).

New World porcupines (Erethizontidae) exhibit behaviors and possess integumentary structures, including the quills, that are used for self-defense. The North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) has been well studied regarding these features; however, information is lacking for the South American Coendou species. We describe the defensive behavior and integumentary morphology of Coendou spinosus to understand the defensive strategies of this species and to compare with those reported for other species. We assessed the behaviors related to warning, defense, and escape of eight porcupines, as well as the characteristics of their pelage and quills. Furthermore, we microscopically analyzed skin samples of a roadkill adult male specimen. Similar to E. dorsatum, C. spinosus exhibited omnidirectional quill erection, revealing an aposematic color and, with their backs toward the perceived human threat, they performed quick tail and body movements to strike the hands of the human trying to capture them by the tail. Furthermore, C. spinosus presented an integumentary structure similar to that of E. dorsatum, and mechanisms to facilitate quill release when touched, penetration, and fixation in the opponent. The most distinct warning behavior noted was the vibration of the quills, which has not been reported for Erethizon. Our study confirms that, like other erethizontids, C. spinosus does not attack but exhibits warning, defense, and escape mechanisms and behaviors when threatened or touched. The dissemination of such information helps to counter the negative stigma associated with porcupines, as they can be the victims of attacks by dogs and humans, and to promote their conservation.

Impacts of Regional Leading Sectors on Insecurity in Northern Nigeria

Insecurity has become a huge threat to the peaceful co-existence of people in Nigeria. People of different magnitudes have become victims of kidnapping, armed robbery, herder attacks, and other social vices. Descriptive research of survey-type design was adopted for this research. The population consisted of 597 participants from the five regional leading sectors. A sample size of 234 was selected, as determined by the research advisors' (2006) table. The researchers used a self-designed instrument for data collection, and t-test statistics were used for data analysis. The results show that the leading regional sectors have a significant impact on insecurity, education, and sustainable education in Sokoto, Kebbi, and Zamfara. The paper recommends among others that, an education development levy should be imposed on the miners associations, vegetables and food sellers associations as well as industries and agro-allied firms in the three states and should be used in the development of education, especially at basic and secondary education sub-sector.

Перспективы рынка киберстрахования США под влиянием новых вызовов

The article delves into the analysis of current trends in the cyber risk insurance market in the United States, which is both the driving force of the global insurance industry and a major victim of cyber attacks. The work highlights the key factors that define the current cyber insurance market landscape and influence the increasing frequency and severity of cyber attacks. Legislative initiatives to curb the activities of attackers and create an effective infrastructure to combat ransomware developers are examined, which in turn determine insurers' underwriting policies when assessing cyber risks. The research emphasizes the growth of alternative risk transfer mechanisms and instruments, as well as the increasing restrictions on underwriting risks of a systemic nature against the backdrop of escalating cyber threats. The article presents an assessment of the current state and outlines the prospects for the development of the US cyber insurance market with a focus on improving modeling mechanisms and attracting highly specialized personnel.

Multi-stakeholder identification and prioritization of human–tiger conflict reduction measures in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

Abstract The identification and implementation of conflict reduction measures are necessary to reduce predator attacks on people and livestock and to minimize human encroachment into predator habitats. We identified potential human–tiger conflict reduction measures and prioritized these measures for Chitwan National Park, Nepal. We identified these measures through a literature review, key informant interviews and a local stakeholder workshop. We prioritized the identified measures using a questionnaire survey of victims of tiger attacks (farmers, forest users and fishers), beneficiaries of tiger conservation (tourist guides, Jeep and elephant safari operators, tour and hotel operators and business operators) and National Park managers. We identified 22 measures (12 preventative, five reactive and five mitigative) as having potential for reducing negative interactions between people and tigers. Amongst these, we identified compensation payments, tiger-proof fences and habitat and prey management as high-priority measures. Conflict reduction priorities also varied amongst stakeholder groups. The victims assigned the highest priority to the construction of tiger-proof fences, whereas beneficiaries identified the management of habitat and prey as their highest priority. Compensation payments were the first preference of National Park managers and were amongst the top two priorities of all stakeholder groups. We recommend the adoption of the identified stakeholder priorities for reducing human–tiger conflict around Chitwan National Park and encourage consideration of the variations in priorities between stakeholder groups during policy development and decision-making.

Building capability and community through cyber-incident response exercises

While a natural disaster or related threat may impact an organisation at some point, it is more likely (even inevitable) that it will be the victim of a cyber attack. The solution to being better prepared for these imminent attacks is to undertake more lightweight and frequent incident response (IR) exercises to help build capabilities and community through a tighter, recurring cycle of planning, conducting and assessing. To boost the facilitation of IR exercises, organisations must leverage the established relationships between business continuity management (BCM) or resilience staff (both of which are familiar with business continuity and disaster recovery exercises), and their information security office. As BCM will ultimately be involved in response and recovery after a cyber attack, it is intuitively more effective to collaborate with BCM in advance. Indeed, it has been substantiated that BCM engagement improves incident response time and reduces incident response costs. This paper concludes that involving BCM or resilience departments in IR exercises contributes to more effective responses to actual incidents.

Cross-Border Conflicts and Social-Economic Development along the Kenya-Ethiopia Border: A Case of Northwestern Kenya

Purpose: Kenya borders South Sudan, Ethiopia, and Uganda on the western side. The border is ladened with cross-border conflict involving the Turkana of Kenya, Dasanach and Nyangatom of Ethiopia, Toposa of South Sudan, and Karamoja of Uganda. The cross-border conflicts between Kenya and Ethiopia continue to ravage the social-economic development of cross-border communities on the border of Kenya. Thus, this study focused on managing the cross-border conflict and improving economic growth on the Kenyan northwestern border and Kenya-Ethiopia relations. Methodology: The study used an explanatory research design and multistage sampling. The study sampled the targeted population of 65,218 respondents of the Turkana North constituency. A descriptive analysis of 392 respondents was used in questionnaires, focus group discussions, and observation to collect quantitative and qualitative data. Findings: The findings indicate a high prevalence of cross-border conflicts, their considerable impacts on the social and economic development of the affected areas and communities, and varying levels of effectiveness of various interventions to resolve the issue. After examining the effect of cross-border conflicts on the social economic development of the Kenya-Ethiopia border, the findings showed that locals on the Kenyan side were victims of cross-border attacks from Merille of Ethiopia, as revealed by 76% of the respondents. The study acknowledged the presence of interventions for Managing cross-border Conflicts and Social Economic Development in Turkana County, Kenya-Ethiopia Border administrative mechanisms in managing cross-border conflicts and improving Kenya-Ethiopia relations. The study concluded that the effectiveness of these strategies would enhance the capacity of Kenya and Ethiopia to alleviate the social economic growth of the people and boost relations in the region. The study evaluated measures for enhancing the interventions for managing Cross-border Conflict and Social Economic Development in Turkana County, Kenya-Ethiopia Border. The study documented the state's various actions to mitigate, reduce, or eradicate cross-border conflict in northwestern Kenya. These actions were meant to address cross-border conflict and improve the social economic development of the area. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Constructivist perspective to the cross-border conflict on Kenyan-Ethiopian conflict allows for a better understanding of how identity, norms, and perceptions contribute to the prevalence and persistence of the conflicts. Such perspectives provide a more nuanced approach to the issues that transcend the traditional economic and geopolitical factors to consider the cultural and social aspects of the cross-border conflict. The study concludes that the effective implementation of the disarmament mechanism on the border of Kenya and Ethiopia contributed to the cross-border conflict and enhanced the social-economic development of Turkana County, concluding that the mechanism for cross-border conflict is adequate. However, their implementation was weak due to lacking resources and goodwill. Therefore, the study recommended that Kenya and Ethiopia address the root causes of cross-border conflicts, triggers, and accelerators by promoting effective institutional policies and administrative frameworks for managing natural resources and setting up official access crossing points. Finally, Kenya and Ethiopia pool resources to boost the livelihoods of their border communities.

КИБЕРПРЕСТУПНОСТЬ НА СОВРЕМЕННОМ ЭТАПЕ И РОЛЬ ВИКТИМОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ В ЕЕ ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕНИИ

The article examines the state and trends of cybercrime at the present stage. It is emphasized that, given the growth and variability of cybercrime, victimological prevention is important in its prevention. Victimological prevention is defined as a set of social and legal measures to protect individuals who are more likely to become victims of unlawful attacks. In recent years, during the period of the growth of cybercrime, significant experience has been accumulated in conducting general victimological prevention aimed at informing the population of the country about new criminal threats in the infor-mation space, ways of committing cybercrimes. At the same time, significant importance should be attached not only to general, but also to individual victimological prevention, the potential of which is not fully realized

Characteristic features of robberies against residential property committed by organised groups in rural areas

The relevance of the subject under study lies in the fact that under martial law, the problem of robberies against citizens’ homes is exacerbated, specifically, their danger increases due to the greater probability of members of an organised criminal group having firearms than in peacetime. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of robberies against residential premises in rural areas committed by organised groups, to establish the factors which influence the choice of the victim of a future attack by the perpetrators, and to identify preventive measures to reduce the commission of such crimes. To address these issues, the study employed a set of methods of scientific cognition: systemic-structural, comparative, statistical, and systemic. The study found that a characteristic feature of such attacks is that they are committed by a group consisting mainly of fellow villagers with internally stable, long-term, trusting relationships, with a willingness to systematically commit violent crimes against individuals. They are characterised by a hierarchy and preparation for robberies in rural areas. It was established that during preparation for a robbery, to obtain the necessary information, offenders often study the routes of the village, find out information about its inhabitants, and select a victim. They can even speak directly to the potential victim and/or their neighbours. Therefore, interviewing villagers during the investigation of such a criminal offence is a significant step in identifying the perpetrators. The study identified factors that influence the commission of robberies in rural areas (presence of valuable property of the victim; remoteness of their residence, absence of neighbours; planned power outages, physically vulnerable person, etc.). To commit attacks on people’s homes in rural areas, attackers choose several villages in relatively familiar areas, which may be located in one region or in another region with which they border. It was noted that this complicates the work of law enforcement agencies in investigating this type of crime. The practical value of this study lies in the consideration by law enforcement officers of the theoretical results of this study regarding the impact on the choice of victims by criminals and the established characteristics inherent in such robberies

Terror attacks : Recommendations for cooperation between police, hospitals and non-police security services

The risk of terrorist attacks in the Federal Republic of Germany is present and is currently increasing. Publicly funded acute care hospitals and their owners are involved in disaster control as part of their remit and are responsible for taking comprehensive precautions to ensure their operational capability in the event of disasters. This mandate must also be ensured in the event of terrorist attacks and amok incidents. For this purpose, an optimal cooperation between preclinical and clinical care is indispensable. Recommended actions for collaboration between nonclinical and clinical planning to manage amass casualty incident in terrorist life-threatening response situations are presented. The Inter-Hospital Security Conference Baden-Württemberg (IHSC BW) is an association of representatives of acute hospitals in Baden-Württemberg, the Ministry of the Interior, Digitalization and Migration Baden-Württemberg, the Ministry of Social Affairs and Integration Baden-Württemberg, the State Police Headquarters Baden-Württemberg and the Baden-Württemberg Hospital Association. From 2018 to 2020, the IHSC BW developed recommendations for action on cooperation between police, hospitals and non-police emergency response. The recommendations for action were agreed by the group members in 6 working sessions and initialled in two subsequent video conferences. Arecommendation was considered adopted when the IHSC BW plenary assembly finally gave its approval with an absolute majority. Competence-based interface solutions for asmooth cooperation between prehospital and hospital management in the care of patients who have become victims of aterrorist attack are to be demanded. For preliminary planning, the establishment of alocal safety conference at the county disaster control authority level with the following participants is recommended: disaster control authority, fire department, regional police headquarters, chief emergency physician, rescue services and disaster control officers of affected clinics. It is recommended to set up ajoint command and situation center (CSC), where management personnel from the police, rescue service, fire department and disaster control can meet to organize the handling of the incident jointly, competently and without loss of time. From this CSC, aliaison officer should then provide the clinics with information at regular intervals. Exercises should take place regularly. Cross-organizational exercises are particularly important, and this is one of the tasks of the local safety conference.

Assessment of Narrative Exposure Therapy on the Psychological Trauma Symptoms of Victims of Violent Community Attacks

Assessment of Narrative Exposure Therapy on the Psychological Trauma Symptoms of Victims of Violent Community Attacks

Contribution of Computed Tomography in the Management of a Penetrating Knife Wound to the Skull: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Introduction: Cranial wounds encephalic penetrating by stab are rare and repesent 0.4% of Head trauma. They are often observed in an attempt at autolysis in mentally ill people, or in physical aggression. We report here a case of an adolescent victim of attack by the penetration of a knife into his brain. Patient and method: This is a patient aged 17 years old, with no known medical history, admitted to the Emergency Reception Department of the Gabriel TOURE University Hospital for open head trauma following a physical attack with the penetration of a knife inside his headrane. The entire blade of the weapon was lodged in his brain parenchyma. The entry point was the right parietal bone. The patient had a Glasgow score of 15/15, with good hemodynamic status. The cranial scanner encephalic which was carried out a few minutes after his admission high lighted the presence of the knife blade at the level of parietal and temporal lobe of her hemisphere right. Result: The patient was operated successfully with extraction of a knife whose blade measured 6 to 7cm. A good postoperative evolution followed. Conscious and without motor deficit, he received a follow-up CT scan on day 7. Then he was released from the hospital with out patient follow-up. Conclusion: Cranial wounds-encephalic by penetration of a bladed weapon are very rare. The CT scan in emergency is the key examination to clarify the location, the number of foreign bodies, as well as brain lesions. They require rapid surgical treatment after CT evaluation. Their prognosis remains reserved regarding the severity of the head trauma, endocranial vascular lesions and infections.

Patient informed consent, ethical and legal considerations in the context of digital vulnerability with smart, cardiac implantable electronic devices.

Advancements in digitalisation with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) allow patients opportunities for improved autonomy, quality of life, and a potential increase in life expectancy. However, with the digital and functional practicalities of CIEDs, there exists also cyber safety issues with transferring wireless information. If a digital network were to be hacked, a CIED patient could experience both the loss of sensitive data and the loss of functional control of the CIED due to an unwelcome party. Moreover, if a CIED patient were to become victim of a cyber attack, which resulted in a serious or lethal event, and if this information were to become public, the trust in healthcare would be impacted and legal consequences could result. A cyber attack therefore poses not only a direct threat to the patient's health but also the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the CIED, and these cyber threats could be considered "patient-targeted threats." Informed consent is a key component of ethical care, legally concordant practice, and promoting patient-as-partner therapeutic relationships [1]. To date, there are no standardised guidelines for listing cybersecurity risks within the informed consent or for discussing them during the consent process. Providers are responsible for adhering to the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice, both in medical practice generally and the informed consent process specifically. At present, the decision to include cybersecurity risks is mainly left to the provider's discretion, who may also have limited cyber risk information. Without effective and in-depth communication about all possible cybersecurity risks during the consent process, CIED patients can be left unaware of the privacy and physical risks they possess by carrying such a device. Therefore, cyber risk factors should be covered within the patients' informed consent and reviewed on an ongoing basis as new risk information becomes available. By including cyber risk information in the informed consent process, patients are given the autonomy to make the best-informed decision.

Perceptions of the freezing response of male and female rape victims, and the moderating role of rape myth beliefs

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether indicating victims of sexual attacks actively resisted their attacker or froze during their assault affected perceptions of victim blame, perpetrator blame and seriousness of the crime. We also tested whether victim and perpetrator gender or participants’ rape myth endorsement moderated the outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThis study was a cross-sectional, vignette survey study with a 2 × 2 between-participants experimental design. Participants read a mock police report describing an alleged rape with a female or male victim who either resisted or froze, while perpetrator gender was adjusted heteronormatively.FindingsFreezing and male victims were blamed more than resisting and female victims. Perpetrators were blamed more when the victim resisted, but male and female perpetrators were blamed equally. Seriousness of the crime was higher for male perpetrators and when the victim resisted. Female, but not male, rape myth acceptance moderated the relationship between victim behaviour and outcome variables.Originality/valueThis study highlights the influence of expectations about victim behaviour on perceptions of rape victims and the pervasive influence of rape myths when evaluating female rape victims. The data is drawn from the German border region of the Netherlands, which is an especially valuable population given the evolving legal definitions of rape in both countries.

Optimizing Deep Neural Networks Using ANOVA for Web Phishing Detection

Phishing attacks are crimes committed by sending spoofed Web URLs that appear to come from a legitimate organization in order to obtain another party's sensitive information, such as usernames, passwords, and other confidential data. The stolen information is then used to commit fraud, such as identity theft and financial fraud, and can cause reputational damage to the party that is the victim of the phishing attack. This can cause great harm to the victimized individual or organization. To overcome these problems, this research uses feature selection using ANOVA and Deep Neural Networks (DNN) to detect web phishing attacks. Feature selection is used to optimize the performance of the DNN model to achieve more accurate results. Based on the results of feature selection using ANOVA, there are 52 attributes that have a significant impact on web phishing attack detection. The next step is to implement DNN to build a web phishing attack detection model. The results of testing the web phishing detection model show that in the training phase, the accuracy value increased by 17.51% for the 80:20 dataset and 18.39% for the 70:30 dataset. During the testing phase, the accuracy value increased by 17.8% for the 80:20 dataset and 18.58% for the 70:30 dataset. The resulting recognition model shows consistent and reliable results not only during training, but also during testing in situations closer to real-world conditions. Conclusively, the use of ANOVA proves effective in mitigating less relevant features and contributing to the optimization of web phishing detection models.

The early encounter: shallow looking and the manifest presence in medical education

If the pressure of patient flow limits a doctor’s visit to fifteen minutes, the importance of the early encounter is increasing. My proposal is dedicated to the first moment of the intersubjective encounter (with art or otherwise), that defined by the unconscious assessment a priori to conscious interpretation, its authority in the clinical encounter, and how to address this moment in medical education.The dynamics between observer and artwork occur in two stages. First, the observer’s senses are attacked, indeed overwhelmed, by the work. Our adaptive unconscious uses reflexive techniques (e.g. thin-slicing) to triage and resolve this information to a more manageable load. Because pattern collection, discovery, and comparison are under unconscious control, the question arises concerning accountability for snap judgments. By studying the patterns that thin-slicing utilizes and our immediate reaction given these patterns, the conscious self can predict—or at least become more accountable—for these judgments.Second, uncomfortable as the victim of a sensory attack, the observer dominates the artwork through the act of interpretation. The observer’s intellect and desire to interpret (both under conscious control) dissolve the uncertainty of the encounter by categorizing it into a comfortable system. Once attuned to this conscious power reversal, we can restrain the unconscious desire prompting the reversal and maintain space in the intersubjective encounter.As visual art is a strong vehicle to discuss the theory behind the dynamics of the early encounter, it is also the appropriate method by which to coach medical students through the early medical encounter.

Are rescue workers still at risk? A meta-regression analysis of the worldwide prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder and risk factors.

Rescue workers (policemen, firefighters, emergency medical staff, etc.) experience intense stress due to rescuing and helping victims of accidents, terrorist attacks, violent crimes, and natural disasters. Overexposure and ineffective coping with such stressful events may lead to developing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Meta-regression procedures were applied to examine moderators such as the sample sex composition, age, working experience, occupation, country, or type of PTSD evaluation. The 9.8% PTSD prevalence found here was virtually the same compared with earlier findings from 10years ago. There was a large heterogeneity, however, associated with geographical location and the instrument used to evaluate PTSD. The main findings revealed that rescue workers are a high-risk group with increased levels of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Moreover, PTSD prevalence could depend on a great extent on geographical and cultural factors, and on the type of PTSD evaluation.

Chronic sub lethal nerve agent (Soman) exposure induced long-term neurobehavioral, histological, and biochemical alterations in rats

Organophosphorus (OP) pesticides and insecticides are used in agriculture and other industries can also cause adverse effects through environmental exposures in the people working in agricultural and pesticide industries. OP nerve agent exposures have been associated with delayed neurotoxic effects including sleep disorders, cognitive malfunctions, and brain damage in Gulf War victims, and Japanese victims of terrorist attacks with nerve agents. However, the mechanisms behind such prolonged adverse effects after chronic OP nerve agent’s exposures in survivors are not well understood. In the present study, male Wistar rats were subcutaneously exposed to nerve agent soman (0.25XLD50) for 21 consecutive days to evaluate the neurobehavioral, neuropathological and biochemical alterations (oxidative stress and antioxidants levels). Neurobehavioral studies using Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), T-Maze, and rotarod tests revealed that chronic soman exposure produced alterations in behavioral functions including increased anxiety and reduction in working memory and neuromuscular strength. Biochemical studies showed that antioxidants enzyme (glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were reduced and oxidative stress (reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation levels (malondialdehyde (MDA)) were significantly increased in brain at 30 days in soman exposed rats as compared to control rats. Neuroselective fluorojade-c stain was used to examine the brain damage after chronic soman exposure. Results demonstrated that chronic soman exposure induced neurodegeneration as brain damage was detected at 30- and 90-days post exposure. The present study results suggest that chronic nerve agent exposures even at low doses may produce long-term adverse effects like neurobehavioral deficits in rats.

Women Victims of Acid Attack: A Critical Appraisal

Women Victims of Acid Attack: A Critical Appraisal

Cognitive impairment in post-traumatic stress disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common mental health disorder, with an incidence of up to 12.5% among primary care patients. Most often, PTSD is detected in combat veterans, victims of terrorist attacks and terror, but it can also be a consequence of traumatic brain injury and medical interventions. Impaired cognitive functioning is a key feature of PTSD, including attention deficits and reduced processing speed, executive dysfunction, and impairments in verbal learning and memory. Cognitive impairments in PTSD are significantly persistent and are largely similar in nature to neuropsychological impairments in neurodegenerative pathology. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms underlying PTSD are the development of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and decreased production of neurotrophic factors. One of the promising areas of treatment is the use of Cerebrolysin, which has powerful neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory activity.

Ensuring the safety of citizens by rescuers/police officers in case of a chemical attack (accident at a chemical enterprise) in the conditions of marital law

The work deals with the urgent problem of ensuring the safety of life of the population in the conditions of martial law, introduced in Ukraine – providing premedical assistance to victims of a chemical attack (as a result of the action of dangerous factors of a man-made accident at a specialized chemical enterprise).
 The potential possibilities of means of defeating the units of the chemical forces of the aggressor state are analyzed, the cases of the use of chemical weapons by the occupiers in relation to both the units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the civilian population during the war in Ukraine, as well as the real situations of destroyed chemical plants in many regions of the country, are described and summarized.
 On the basis of the analysis of operational publications in the Internet and scientific works of a great number of scientists, the general algorithm of rescue actions during the evacuation of victims of a chemical attack/accident (workers/residents) was considered, modern approaches in the order of providing premedical aid both at chemical enterprises and at home conditions when people are injured by the most common chemical substances were clarified, recommendations concerning compliance by police officers with established rules of conduct at the scene of the incident are offered.
 The main signs that characterize the beginning of a chemical attack in the conditions of martial law and allow the population to identify it quickly are given: 1) chemical alarm signals; 2) features of air raids or enemy artillery fire; 3) simultaneous mass death of small animals, birds and insects.
 The peculiarities of the effect on the human body of such substances as chlorine, ammonia, hydrogen chloride (hydrochloric acid), nitrogen (nitrogen N), nitric acid, oxide (dioxin) of nitrogen, for each of which characteristic symptoms of damage for the victim are determined, the procedure for providing premedical aid to victims in case of damage by them, as well as under the influence of chemical weapons (sarin, phosgene) has been specified.
 Based on the analysis of special literature and the results of the conducted research, a generalization was made regarding the importance of training the population in effective (and therefore safe) actions in the event of a chemical attack by the military units of the aggressor state (a man-made accident at chemical enterprises), the need to observe the established rules of conduct and safety measures in the case of a missile/artillery attack by the occupiers, regardless of the region or territory of fighting actions in Ukraine