Accident Victims Research Articles

Negative Aspects of Self-Imposed Evacuation among Mothers of Small Children Following Japan's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident.

This study clarified the negative aspects of the self-imposed evacuation of mothers of small children seeking to avoid radiation exposure from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident on 11 March 2011. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 27 mothers, employing open-ended inquiries based on an interview guide. Our analysis of their responses using the Ka-Wakita-Jiro (KJ) method categorized the results into eight distinct groups comprising 142 labels. These categories included continued anxiety about the health effects of radiation, differences in risk perception, changes in spousal relationships, the inability to make friends and find support, living as a single parent, financial concerns, the unfamiliar feel of the area to which they evacuated, and uncertainty about the future. Despite their hardships, the mothers continued their self-imposed evacuation to avoid radioactivity. Our findings underscore that their anxieties about radiation exposure persisted even after self-imposed evacuation, leading to deteriorated relationships with key individuals who would have been involved in raising their children. These results offer valuable insights into the challenges experienced by the indirect victims of the nuclear accident, such as the mothers of small children.

Corticosteroid Sclerotherapy of Morel-Lavallée Syndrome: about a Case at the Reference Health Center (CSRéf) Commune III of Bamako

Morel-Lavallée syndrome corresponds to a serolymphatic effusion secondary to tangential trauma in relation to a richly vascularized tissue. It is a pathology little mentioned in the medical literature. We report the case of a female patient, victim of a road traffic accident which caused a Morel-lavallée lesion and who was successfully treated by sclerotherapy with corticosteroid (triamcinolone). There is currently no universally accepted treatment algorithm for the management of Morel-Lavallée lesions. Corticosteroids constitute a valid therapeutic option as a sclerosing agent in the treatment of this pathology. Conclusion: Corticosteroids constitute a valid therapeutic option as a sclerosing agent in the treatment of Morel-lavallée syndrome with satisfactory results.

Principles of risk-based modeling of road traffic injury as a medical and sanitary consequence of a man-made emergency in Ukraine

Background. The provision of modern medical care to victims of road accidents requires the development of standardized approaches. One of the main mechanisms for solving this problem is the formation of scientifically sound clinical protocols and clinical routes for providing medical care, which is essential to creating a model of traffic injury. The purpose of the study was to form a mo­del of traffic trauma in Ukraine as a health-sanitary consequence of an emergency of a man-made nature as a whole and on its basis — a model of providing medical assistance to victims of traffic trauma. Materials and methods. An array of studies of 1696 victims as a result of a traffic accident was formed. Methods of full mo­deling, insoluble randomization, formal logic, and medical statistics were applied. Clinical effective risks were identified. Results. Fundamental principles of modeling road trauma as a health-sanitary consequence of an emergency of a man-made nature as a whole and according to the main types of administrative-territorial entities of Ukraine were presented. The main criterion was the risk of the most serious consequence-the death of the victim, as well as determining the impact of risk-forming factors that did not form clinical-results risk. It has been proven that modeling traffic injury is an effective mechanism for reducing the severity of the medical consequences of road accidents. Conclusions. It is advisable to carry out the formation of models of traffic injury on a hierarchical principle. The principle of modeling significantly optimized making clinical and organizational decisions in the process of providing medical care and allowed to reduce the mortality rate of the victims by 8–11 %.

Histomorphological Spectrum of Lung Lesions in Medico- legal Autopsy in a Tertiary Care Centre

Background: Organ specific pathological changes seen during autopsy give a clear idea of the cause of death. Lungs are one of the most important vital organs in the human body. They are almost always involved in terminal events of cardiovascular diseases.Autopsy is important not only to know the state of lungs but also to study the morphology of various diseases.Various studies have demonstrated that,20-30% of sudden deaths are due to underlying pulmonary pathology. Aims and objectives: The significance of this study is to highlight the spectrum of histomorphological features of lung lesions in medico-legal autopsies irrespective of cause of death. Material and Methods:This was a retrospectivestudy Medico legal autopsies over a period of 5 years carried out in the Department of Pathology in coordination with the Department of Forensic Medicine, Gulbarga Institute of Medical Sciences. Standard protocols are used for gross and histopathology processing. Results: After thorough histopathological examination, of total 100 cases, various lesions were identified in 93 cases, in 7 cases tissue was autolyzed. Majority cases seen in the age group of 20-40yrs with male predominance. The most common cause of death was Road Traffic Accident (RTA) and majority victims were males. The commonly observed pathological features congestion and oedema(44.4%), Pneumonia(26.8%),CVC(22.2%) tuberculosis(9.6%) and ARDS(6.6%). Conclusion: The present study observed and documented histomorphological spectrum of lung lesions in medico-legal autopsies and highlighted various pathological conditions which are either direct or indirect cause of death. This study emphasizes that spectrum of histopathological changes in lungs of autopsy cases irrespective of cause of death and highlights some incidental interesting findings in lungs.

Pattern and severity of injuries, risk factors and outcome of Road Traffic Accident victims attending emergency department of Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital

Introduction: Road Traffic Accidents (RTA) is considered as one of the major public health problems around the globe. It is one of the top 5 causes of morbidity and mortality in South East Asia. Objectives: To find out pattern and severity of injuries, possible risk factors and outcome of victims of RTA attending emergency ward. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study. All the patients with history of RTA attending the emergency ward have been enrolled with written informed consent after obtaining ethical clearance. Those patients with a history of sudden accidental fall or injury by falling objects were not included. The patients are assessed based on a semi standardized study proforma. The final outcome of the patient at the emergency department is noted. Result: Young adults (17-30 years) were injured most in Road traffic accident (38.41%) Most of them had head injury (59.8%) due to light vehicle (65.2%). Most accidents occurred during evening time (64.3%). Fewer of them were under the influence of alcohol (17%). 39% of the patients were severely injured. 3% patients expired at the emergency ward and 32% of the patients got admitted in ICU. Young adults were severely injured (53.8%) compared to older adults (33.33%). Conclusion: Young adults were involved most and major accidents were due to light vehicles. The majority of the patients had a milder form of injury requiring hospital admissions. The most common pattern was head injury. fewer of them were under alcohol influence.

Applicability of an Ionising Radiation Measuring System for Real-Time Effective-Dose-Optimised Route Finding Solution during Nuclear Accidents

The reduction in the effective dose of evacuated injured persons through contaminated areas of nuclear accidents is an essential emergency services requirement. In this context, there appeared a need to develop a dose-optimised route finding method for firefighting rescue vehicles, which includes the development of a real-time decision support measurement and evaluation system. This determines and visualises the radiation exposure of possible routes in a tested area. The system inside and outside of the vehicle measures the ambient dose equivalent rate, the gamma spectra, and also the airborne radioactive aerosol and iodine levels. The method uses gamma radiation measuring NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors mounted on the outside of the vehicle, to determine the dose rate inside the vehicle using the previously recorded attenuation conversation function, while continuously collecting the air through a filter and using an alpha, beta, and gamma radiation measuring NaI(Tl)+ PVT + ZnS(Ag) scintillator to determine the activity concentration in the air, using these measured values to determine the effective dose for all routes and all kinds of vehicles. The energy-dependent shielding effect of the vehicle, the filtering efficiency of the collective protection equipment, and the vehicle’s speed and travel time were taken into account. The results were validated by using gamma point sources with different activity and energy levels. The measurement results under real conditions and available real accident data used in our simulations for three different vehicles and pedestrians proved the applicability of the system. During a nuclear accident based on our model calculations, the inhalation of radioactive aerosols causes a dose almost an order of magnitude higher than the external gamma radiation caused by the fallout contamination. The selection of the appropriate vehicle and its route is determined by the spectrum that can be measured at the accident site but especially by the radioactive aerosol concentration in the air that can be measured in the area. In the case of radiation measuring detectors, the shielding effect of the carrier vehicle must be taken into account, especially in the case of heavy shielding vehicles. The method provides an excellent opportunity to reduce the damage to the health of accident victims and first responders during rescue operations.

Investigating palatal rugae diversity – a comparative analysis of Bilaspur and Nagpur regions

Forensic odontology plays a key role in person identification in case of mass disasters, criminal investigations, and ethnicity studies, and in identifying decomposed and disfigured bodies, fire victims, and victims of motor vehicle accidents. Rugoscopy is an important specialty, which has been an area of interest for many forensic odontologists. As palatal Rugae are present in all victims and resistant to change (aging, trauma, and so forth) so they act as an ideal for identification. Palatal Rugae are also named Plicae Palatinae transverse or Rugae Palatine. The Palatal Rugae are generally transverse ridges placed in the anterior part of the palatine mucosa. Palatal Rugae are resistant to thermal effects (heat and burn) and decomposition changes because of their internal position in the head. They are used in cases where dental identification is not possible and in patients where other body parts are burnt or decomposed.: Aim of the study is to identify and analyze different patterns of palatal rugae and gender differences in Bilaspur and Nagpur populations. : This study will include a total of 80 dental casts — 40 males and 40 females.: The analysis of palatal rugae concerning the number of rugae, shape, length, and unification will be done.

3D skin bioprinting as promising therapeutic strategy for radiation-associated skin injuries.

Both cutaneous radiation injury and radiation combined injury (RCI) could have serious skin traumas, which are collectively referred to as radiation-associated skin injuries in this paper. These two types of skin injuries require special managements of wounds, and the therapeutic effects still need to be further improved. Cutaneous radiation injuries are common in both radiotherapy patients and victims of radioactive source accidents, which could lead to skin necrosis and ulcers in serious conditions. At present, there are still many challenges in management of cutaneous radiation injuries including early diagnosis, lesion assessment, and treatment prognosis. Radiation combined injuries are special and important issues in severe nuclear accidents, which often accompanied by serious skin traumas. Mass victims of RCI would be the focus of public health concern. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, as a versatile and favourable technique, offers effective approaches to fabricate biomimetic architectures with bioactivity, which provides potentials for resolve the challenges in treating radiation-associated skin injuries. Combining with the cutting-edge advances in 3D skin bioprinting, the authors analyse the damage characteristics of skin wounds in both cutaneous radiation injury and RCI and look forward to the potential value of 3D skin bioprinting for the treatments of radiation-associated skin injuries.

Profile of Facial Trauma Victims of Motorcycle Accidents: A Prospective Study.

To outline the profile of patients with facial trauma, victims of motorcycle accidents, treated at the Hospital da Restauração, Recife/PE, Brazil, from December 2020 to July 2021. The collection was carried out through questionnaire and analysis of medical records. Data were analyzed descriptively, as well as Pearson's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Among the patients, 88.6% were male, 47.5% were between 18 and 29 years old, and 59.6% lived in rural areas; 72.15% of the victims used the motorcycle for work and 43.52% were working at the time of the accident. Most victims did not have a national motorcycle license (62%) and were not wearing a helmet at the time of the accident (60%), with 37.6% wearing a full-face helmet, 16.5% an open helmet, and 5.9% an articulated full-face helmet. Soft tissue injuries were the most prevalent. Zygomatic complex fractures were the most common facial fractures and were significantly associated with helmet use and type. Most victims of motorcycle accidents are young adult men, without a regular driver's license and residing in rural areas. Preventive and educational actions and continuous traffic inspections are necessary to minimize these accidents.

GAMBARAN POLA LUKA PADA KORBAN KECELAKAAN LALU LINTAS DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH RAJA AHMAD TABIB PROVINSI KEPULAUAN RIAU PERIODE JANUARI-DESEMBER TAHUN 2022

Background: Traffic accidents are a leading cause of death in developing countries, and the incidence continues to rise with population growth and increased transportation mobility. This study aims to analyze the pattern of injuries in traffic accident victims treated at Raja Ahmad Tabib Regional General Hospital, Riau Islands Province, during the period from January to December 2022. Methods: This study utilized a retrospective descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of 1,533 traffic accident victims during the January-December 2022 period, and a sample of 318 individuals was selected using purposive sampling. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics. Results: The study revealed that 69.5% of the victims were aged over 30 years, 66.7% were male, and 84.0% survived the accidents. The most common injury pattern among pedestrians was abrasions (37.9%), motorbike riders most frequently experienced abrasions (48.0%), car drivers mostly suffered from lacerations (43.4%), and car passengers predominantly had contusions (50.0%). Conclusion: This research concludes that the injury patterns in traffic accident victims at Raja Ahmad Tabib Regional General Hospital in the Riau Islands Province during 2022 show that abrasions are dominant among motorbike riders, lacerations are predominant among car drivers, and contusions are prevalent among car passengers.

Uncovering the Connection: PTSD and Road Accidents

IntroductionPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that can occur after a traumatic event. It results in mental suffering and physical complications that profoundly alter personal, social, and professional life.One can develop PTSD after experiencing a frightening event, for example: rape, the death of a loved one, war veterans, or following a car accident. In Morocco, traffic accidents cause, on average, nearly 3,500 deaths and 12,000 serious injuries per year.ObjectivesOur main purpose is to evaluate the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder in patients who are victims of traffic accidents and to identify key risk factors in the general population.MethodsThis is a descriptive cross-sectional study through a questionnaire shared on social networks including a socio-demographic description, a clinical description, and the “Peri-traumatic Distress Inventory (PDI)” Scale to evaluate the risk of developing PTSD.ResultsThis study is based on 48 participants with 82.8% of females and 17.2% of men. The average age was 27.6. Most of the participants lived in urban areas (93%), a majority had higher education (93.1%), and 41.4% of the candidates had a physical impact of the accident.According to PDI scale, 65% showed PTSD and the average score was 20.3. A score of 15 and above indicates significant distress.ConclusionsOur results confirm the presence of PTSD in victims of accidents. We propose a clinical reflection on the possible improvement of the care of people suffering from PTSD following a public road accident.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Ангелина Константиновна Гуськова (к 100-летию со дня рождения)

Angelina Konstantinovna Guskova, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Laureate of the Lenin Prize, Honoured Scientist of the RSFSR, Laureate of the Sievert Prize, worked for 50 years at the A.I. Burnazyan FMBC. She was born on 29 March 1924 in the family of doctor Konstantin Vasilievich and pianist Zoya Vasilievna Guskov. In 1941, she entered the Sverdlovsk State Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine, and successfully graduated in 1946. A.K. Guskova did her residency at the Clinic of Nervous Diseases and Neurosurgery. After her graduation, Angelina Konstantinovna was sent to Chelyabinsk-40 (Ozersk), where she started working in medical institutions serving the operating personnel of Plutonium Combine No. 817. There she gained her first experience in treating patients with acute and chronic radiation sickness. In 1957, A.K. Guskova became a senior researcher at the Institute of Biophysics in Moscow, from 1961 she headed the Radiology Department of the Institute of Occupational Hygiene and Occupational Diseases of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. In 1974 she returned to the Institute of Biophysics of the Ministry of Health of the USSR as Head of the Clinical Department. Under the leadership of A.K. Guskova in the Clinical Department of the Institute of Biophysics a number of methods of diagnostics and prediction of severity of radiation syndromes, as well as their treatment were developed and introduced into practice. This allowed the staff of the Department to successfully cope with the most difficult task of treating a large group of victims of the Chornobyl accident in 1986. A.K. Guskova is the author of more than 200 publications, 11 monographs (co-authored), and sections in monographs and manuals (independent). The most important of them are: «Human Radiation Disease» (1971), «Medical Assistance given to personnel of the Chernobyl N.P., after 1986 Accident». (1996). (editor and co-author), «Guidelines for Organisation of Medical Care for Persons Exposed to Radiation» (1986), «Guidelines for Radiation Medicine» (2001).

The Relationship of Knowledge with Community Behavior in First Aid for Traffic Accidents in Tenilo Village, Limboto District, Gorontalo Regency

First aid is the first treatment for accident victims before being handled by medical personnel to prevent victims from more severe injuries. Community behavior and community knowledge play an important role in the success of first aid. This study aims to determine the relationship of knowledge with community behavior in first aid for traffic accidents in the Tenilo sub-district. Quantitative research method with descriptive and cross-sectional design. A sample of 68 respondents was taken by accidental sampling technique. Data were obtained by observation and Chi-Square analysis (a = 0.05). The results showed good public knowledge 40 (58.8%), poor knowledge 12 (17.6%) and good community behavior 13 (19.1%), and less good 3 (4.4%). The results of the study from the analysis test p = 0.000 so that it was concluded that there was a relationship between knowledge and community behavior in first aid traffic speed in Tenilo Village.

Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in trauma management: a comprehensive study of clinical indications and challenges

BackgroundThe application of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) in trauma resuscitation, including for profound shock and cardiac arrest, has gained prominence. This study aimed to determine the...

Communications after Arrival of a Road Traffic Accident Victim

Communications after Arrival of a Road Traffic Accident Victim

Clinical effective risks of mortality in road traffic injury victims depending on the severity of damage

Road traffic accidents cause significant trauma to the population and are one of the main causes of mortality in working age. The novelty of the study risk-oriented patterns of severity of damage and mortality of victims of road accidents have been established. The aim - to create of a fundamental basis for the formation of clinical routes and protocols for victims of road accidents by establishing and verification the relationship between the severity of damage and the death of the victims. Material and methods. An analysis of 1,696 cases of road traffic injuries was carried out, and the standardized New Injury Severity Score (NISS) assessment system was used. Results. A probable, but indirect dependence of the clinical effective risk of a negative outcome of the traumatic process in victims on the severity of the damage was established. It was established that the sign of participation in the traffic the formation of clinical effective risks of a negative outcome of the traumatic process, starting with the severity of damage according to the NISS with 25 points. With the same qualitative characteristics, pedestrians have the highest risk of fatality, drivers have the lowest risk. The synergistic effect of the severity of damage and the clinical and anatomical form of the injury was established. Conclusions. The risk of a fatal outcome of a road traffic injury in general directly depends on the severity of damage to the victim, although the dependence is not direct. The clinical and anatomical form of damage together with the severity of the damage have a synergistic effect on the formation of the clinically effective risk of mortality in victims of a road traffic accident, and the predominant influence is the clinical and anatomical form of damage. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

Efektivitas Trauma Healing Dalam Mengurangi Trauma Psikologis Pada Korban Kecelakaan Bus Pariwisata di Pagar Alam Tahun 2023

<p><strong>The World Health Organization (WHO) states that there are as many as 1.25 million victims of traffic accidents every year, and 20-50 million people face injuries due to traffic accidents. Accidents have an impact that can be felt on the human body, such as physical injuries that result in trauma to the individual. This accident is a symptom of trauma which affects the brain's memory that it interferes with a person carrying out daily activities, such as always being alert. In this study, the sample taken experienced trauma due to a tourist bus accident because the accident resulted in physical disability and disrupted daily activities. The sample felt anxious and remembered the bus accident every night. This research aims to reduce the subject's psychological trauma due to the tourist bus accident by applying Al-Quran Murotal Therapy. The method in this research is a</strong><strong> </strong><strong>One Shot Case Study Design Experimental research (One Case Design) meaning it consists of one group that is given treatment (Murotal Al-Quran Therapy) then observes the symptoms that occur, then conclusions are drawn. The application of Al-Quran murotal therapy in this research was carried out routinely 2 times a day for 26 weeks. From the subject's 26-week journey in applying Murotal Al-Quran therapy, researchers saw that the journey in physical and mental healing were in line with rational thinking.</strong></p><p><strong><em>K</em></strong><strong><em>eyword</em></strong><strong><em>s</em></strong><strong> </strong>-<strong> </strong><em>Accidents, Psychological Trauma, Murotal Al-Quran.</em></p>

Traffic Accident Cost Analysis Using The Gross Output (Human Capital) Method Approach

Based on the Tangerang Police traffic accident data, there were 1,559 accidents that occurred in Tangerang Regency during the last 5 years and have increased every year. These problems need to be studied to determine the factors that cause accidents from the characteristics, and the amount of accident costs as an effort to improve traffic safety on the highway. The study used the EAN (Equivalent Accident Number) method to calculate accident rates and The Gross Output method to calculate accident costs. Based on the calculation of The Gross Output method, the total unit cost of accident victims is Rp. 2,084,725,349.34, - and the amount of accident victim costs is Rp. 9,817,644,067.75, -. The unit cost of an accident is Rp. 2,127,225,346.43, - and the amount of accident costs is Rp. 10,041,644,067.75.

Ocular injuries associated with motor vehicle accidents: long term effects on quality of life.

To describe the prevalence and outcome of motor vehicle accidents-associated ocular injuries. A survey of patients who presented to the emergency room at a level 1 trauma center with motor vehicle accidents-associated ocular injuries. A patient questionnaire and review of clinical notes were conducted for all patients. Of 274 motor vehicle accident victims with ocular injuries who presented to the emergency room, 40 (15%) responded to the survey. Over half of them were driving a vehicle, and most reported wearing a seat belt or a helmet. Most ocular injuries were mild. The most common injuries were bone fractures, subconjunctival hemorrhage, eyelid involvement and corneal injury. Most respondents had no change in vision and perceived their ocular involvement as a minor part of their injury. Most respondents returned to work and to driving within a year. Our study sheds light on the details and extent of ocular involvement and the visual ability to perform daily activities following motor vehicle accidents.

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND HEALTH IN TRANSIT

Traffic is a social phenomenon in which it portrays the structural disposition and positioning of man - machine, in reciprocal interaction and movement with the influences of the social environment, when the dimension of subjectivity breaks with the dichotomies ensnared in modern thought, such as; individual/society, intellectual/emotional, internal/external through a theoretical model on the human psyche from its generative character within the cultural fabric in which people and groups participate. The subject of this study is justified by the fact that, in this social context in which human subjectivities - truck drivers and their risky behaviour - converge, traffic is characterized as an environmental and interdisciplinary phenomenon. To this end, bibliographic sources were searched on various interfaces related to the man-machine dyad, using data sources such as Google Scholar, the Virtual Health Library (VHL), scientific articles and statistical data source platforms. The results related to risk behaviors encompassed the human fact as one of the most impactful (adding other adversities such as fear of dismissal, symptoms of stress, anxiety, competitiveness, homesickness, burnout, psychological and psychiatric illness, victims of violence and traffic accidents, substance abuse); the use of the driver-machine relationship «the house is your truck» and the influences on the issue of driver and passenger vulnerability is a factor that causes numerous accidents. Therefore, in the face of contemporary demands involving pressure and a race against time, a high level of responsibility related to loads and transportation, stressful situations and a lack of healthier psycho-emotional resources is a watershed, determining the life or death of many individuals moving between their worlds. Further research correlating the dimension of human subjectivity is therefore fruitfully suggested, with a view to aligning the profession of truck drivers with safer traffic, promoting the reframing of this phenomenon and safer traffic and preservation of life.