Victim's Father Research Articles

Americanizing the Scandinavian Super Underdog in Eighteen Film Remakes

Americanizing the Scandinavian Super Underdog in Eighteen Film Remakes

Angus Fletcher. <em>Wonderworks. The 25 Most Powerful Inventions in the History of Literature</em>

Angus Fletcher. <em>Wonderworks. The 25 Most Powerful Inventions in the History of Literature</em>

The correlation between demographic characteristics and mental health in victims of rape referred to Isfahan province forensic medicine center in year 2015

Abstract Background and Aim: sexual assault is one of the most important factors posing a serious threat to the health and rights of women in the word. However, factors that affected on the health of victims are less-known. This study aimed to determine the relationship between demographic characteristics and mental health of the victims in the year 2013. Materials & Methods: This was a descriptive study, which was carried out in 2013. The sample size was 93 people who were randomly selected from rape victims in the Isfahan forensic medicine center. Measuring tools was demographic characteristic's questionnaire and 90 item- symptom revised checklist (SCL90-R). The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and spearman's correlation, Independent t-test and one-way ANOVA test using SPSS 16. Findings: Spearman's correlation test between demographic characteristics and mental health score indicates that factors, including age of victim (p=0.99) and income of victim (p=0.08) did not have a significant relationship with the mental health score. The relationship between victim's father education (p=0.008) and mental health was significant. The victims who had fathers with a diploma degree significantly had higher mental health scores than those who were their fathers had lower education. Conclusion: The majority of the victims had a mental disorder with high or very high degree of severity. Most seen symptoms were depression and aggressive behaviors. For the prevention of psychological consequences of rape, the family and social networks should enforce to identify and treat victims who have suffered trauma.

The sexual abuse of female children in Hungary: 20 years’ experience

The purpose of this study is to describe the characteristics of female children who experience sexual abuse and explore common features that may assist in developing prevention strategies. Between 1990 and 2010, 266 girls under the age of 18 years, suspected of being sexually abused, visited the Department of Adolescent Gynecology. We retrospectively collected data illustrating the features of all cases. Seventy-eight percent of the victims were primary school students, and 45% of them were between 11 and 14 years of age. The perpetrator knew the victim in 67% of the cases and was a stranger in 33%. Seventy-five (28%) perpetrators were members of the victims' families. In 14% of cases, the perpetrator was the victim's father and in 9% her stepfather. The abuse had occurred on multiple occasions in 29% of the cases. The occurrence rate of abuse was highest in the summer season (54%). As much as 63% of children experienced vaginal penetration, while 37% experienced a variety of sexual contact that did not involve penetration. Eighty-five victims were physically injured, and in 40 cases the presence of sperm was confirmed in vulvo-vaginal smears. A high proportion of female child sexual abuse takes place within the family and is revealed only after multiple episodes. The true prevalence of sexual abuse is being appreciated now that Hungarian law and society have recognized this societal problem. Prevention requires a systematic and lifelong approach to educating children about personal space and privacy and is the responsibility of parents and professionals.

Melodrama and the Production of Affective Knowledge in Mary Barton

In The Condition of Working Class in England (published in German in 1845 and in English in 1887), Friedrich Engels offers following argument about English workers' press rightly denounces as murder: If one individual inflicts a bodily injury upon another which leads to death of person attacked, we call it manslaughter; on other hand, if attacker knows beforehand that blow will be fatal we call it murder. Murder has also been committed if society places hundreds of workers in such a position that they inevitably come to premature and unnatural ends. Their death is as violent as if they had been stabbed or shot. Murder has been committed if thousands of workers have been of necessities of or if they have been forced into a situation in which it is impossible for them to survive. Murder has been committed if workers have been forced by strong arm of law to go on living under such conditions until death inevitably releases them. Murder has been committed if society knows perfectly well that thousands of workers cannot avoid being sacrificed so long as these conditions are allowed to continue. Murder of this sort is just as culpable as committed by an individual. (108-09) That quotation provides an apt description of two of primary points of emphasis in Elizabeth Gaskell's Mary Barton: a sensitive, nearly documentary presentation of impact on working-class families of being deprived of necessities of life and chain of personal causality through to its consequences in an act of individual murder. Gaskell brings those points of emphasis together at end of novel in often criticized deathbed scene between John Barton, murderer of Harry Carson, and Mr. Carson, victim's father. She does so through a melodramatic, ethical tableau that figures two men as morally equal; role Carson played in social murder of Barton's young son Tom (among others) and Barton's shooting of Carson's son are implied in scene as morally equivalent. Gaskell's narrative, in this reading, fills empty space between abstraction of (a form of without a particular perpetrator to blame and thus a crime that is not actionable) and physical realities of an individual through a chain of causality set in motion by conditions and fulfilled through a series of chosen actions. Engels tried to fill that same space in his text through accumulation of detail after detail of inhumane living conditions among working classes, which culminates in his claim that There can be no doubt that in England war is already being waged (149). Despite that, for Engels, obvious fact, It is ... somewhat surprising that bourgeoisie should remain so complacent and placid in face of thunderclouds which are gathering overhead and grow daily more threatening (149). How could middle classes not see what should be so visible a threat to their own well-being, a threat they themselves are responsible for creating? In addition to well documented literal invisibility of working classes because of urban architectural design as one possibility, another is that by 1840s (after passage of New Poor Law in 1834), for middle classes working class had become little more than an abstract, economic, rather than category. Gaskell's novel challenges such perceptions with insight that affective, sympathetic experience through narrative reading can stimulate a cognitive response in thought and reflection, figurations of narrative enabling a depth of knowledge otherwise inaccessible to consciousness. For her middle-class readers, working class can become visible, embodied individuals. Deploying scenic figurations from melodrama, Mary Barton communicates through what Elaine Hadley calls the melodramatic mode, a mode that seems to have served as a behavioral and expressive model for several generations of English people (3). …

186 Challenges in Child Sexual Abuse Hungary

Objective: Between 1986 and 2005, 266 girls under the age of 18 had been exposed to sexual abuse. We summarize the characteristics of child sexual abuse cases and explore common features. Methods: We prospectively collected data according to characteristics of all cases. Legal procedures were also evaluated. We describe the medical and legal approaches to handling child neglect. Results: Seventy-eight percent of the victims were students, and 45% of them were between 11 and 14 years of age. Perpetrator was familiar to the victim in 67% of the cases, and a stranger in 33%. Seventy-five (28%) perpetrators were members of the victims' families. In 14% of cases, the perpetrator was the victim's father and in 9%, her stepfather. The abuse had occurred on multiple occasions in 29%. The occurrence rate of assault was highest in the summer season (54%). Vaginal penetration was the type of abuse in 63%, and sexual perversion in 37%. Eighty-five victims were physically injured, and in 40 cases the presence of sperm was confirmed. Two pregnancy occurred. 167 cases were reported to the police; 68 of the perpetrators were sentenced as a result of legal proceedings. Conclusion: Majority of sexual abuse takes place within the family and is revealed after multiple episodes. The underestimated prevalence of sexual assault is the consequence of the lack of cooperation between the emergency services and the Hungarian criminal law. Prevention requires vigilance in out-of-school times, child education, early involvement of healthcare professionals, and adjustment of the administration of justice.

Characteristics of female child sexual abuse in Hungary between 1986 and 2001: a longitudinal, prospective study

Objective: To summarize the characteristics of female child sexual abuse and to explore common features that may be utilized as targets for possible methods of prevention. Design: Prospective, longitudinal study. Setting: A Hungarian county, University of Debrecen. Participants: Between 1986 and 2001, 209 girls under the age of 18 who had been exposed to sexual abuse visited the Department of Adolescent Gynecology. Methods: We prospectively collected data illustrating the characteristics of all cases. Events in which victim and perpetrator were members of the same family were recorded as intrafamilial. Subsequent legal procedures were also evaluated. Main outcome measures: We describe the medical and legal approaches to handling child neglect. Results: Seventy-five percent of the victims were students, and 47% of them were between 11 and 14 years of age. The perpetrator was familiar to the victim in 66% of the cases, and a stranger in 34%. Fifty-two (25%) perpetrators were members of the victims’ families. In 11% of cases, the perpetrator was the victim's father and in 10%, her stepfather. The abuse had occurred on multiple occasions in 21%. The occurrence rate of assault was highest in the summer season (59%). Thirty-nine percent of victims were accompanied by their mothers when they attended the clinic and 43%, by police. officers. Vaginal penetration was the type of abuse in 80%, and sexual perversion in 20%. Sixty-six victims were physically injured, and in 38 cases the presence of sperm was confirmed in vulvo-vaginal smears. One pregnancy occurred as the result of the abuse. In all, 127 cases were reported to the police; 56 of the perpetrators were sentenced as a result of legal proceedings. Conclusion: A high proportion of female child sexual abuse takes place within the family and is revealed only after multiple episodes. The low reported prevalence of sexual assault is the consequence of the lack of cooperation between the emergency services in Hungary and the Hungarian criminal law. Prevention requires vigilance in out-of-school times, child education, early involvement of healthcare professionals, and adjustment of the administration of justice.

The Death of the Working-Class Hero in Mary Barton and Alton Locke

The Death of the Working-Class Hero in Mary Barton and Alton Locke Anne Graziano After long complicated narratives, the working-class heroes of Mary Barton : A Taie of Manchester Life and Alton Locke, Tailor and Poet end up dead. Embittered by the failure of the Chartist petition of 1839, John Barton slips into opium addiction. When he and his fellow trade union delegates fail in their attempt to negotiate with the factory owners, John Barton murders the mill owner's son on behalf of the delegates. He then suffers from a bad conscience, addiction and starvation. He begs forgiveness of his victim's father and recognizes the error of his political and moral ways. Finally, his starved body metes out its own justice, and he dies. Alton Locke's death represents a long-term effect of infectious contacts , both literal and figurative. After a period of spiritual and moral alienation associated in part with Chartism, he falls into a suicidal funk. He attempts to save a debauched tailor and in the process catches typhus. After a tumultuous dream life, he wakes up and is saved. Yet the infection had already marked his weak form, and Alton Locke dies on the way to the New World. Thus although the narratives clearly diverge in many ways—and most clearly in the Chartists' commitment to their politics— Mary Barton and Alton Locke both represent long, drawn-out narratives of the death of the working-class hero. Critics have described the fate of these heroes as the effect of the political sympathies of the middle-class writers. In his influential work from JNT: Journal of Narrative Theory 29.2 (Spring 1999): 135-157. Copyright O 1999 by JNT: Journal of Narrative Theory. 136 j N T the late 1950s Culture and Society, Raymond Williams set the critical stage for discussions of these works. Beginning with a sympathetic representation of the plight of the working class, Gaskell, he argues, ends with a middle-class perspective on Chartist radicalism. Williams suggests that the novel suffers at the level of form and content when Gaskell turns from representative working-class concerns within John Barton's plot to the murder and Mary Barton's romances. Although more quickly dismissed by Williams, Alton Locke is also said to suffer from a retreat from politics. He contends that in both novels an early sympathetic perspective of the working class and sources of radical politics turns into direct condemnation . In a remark on Gaskell's novel, but one that might also pertain to his reading of Kingsley's work, William asserts that in the course of the novel "the flow of sympathy with which [the novelist] began was arrested" (89). ' The political views of the two Victorian writers provide grounding for Williams' analysis of the novels. Both writers professed a sympathy with the working class and their efforts of self-representation. Yet both contested the violent means that Chartism potentially and directly entailed.2 In a letter written in late 1848, Gaskell suggested that she was afraid of the influence Mary Barton might have with regard to the antagonism between the classes; her preface to Mary Barton also indicates that she sees political violence enacted by the working class as sinful "revenge" rather than potentially justifiable political acts (37). Although he at one point claimed to be a Chartist in his effort to convince workers of his sympathy, Kingsley was part of a group of Christian socialists who ultimately felt that aristocratic leadership was necessary to initiate reform and direct workingclass interests. As a journalist and a novelist, he expressed support of Chartist endeavors, but felt that "physical force" advocates were deeply misguided.3 Clearly the authors' professed antipathy to extreme measures of working -class radicalism encourages us to read the Chartist heroes' fate as a direct product of middle- or upper-class loyalties. Yet if we attend more closely to the patterns of the heroes' dismissal, we will see that the narratives are more complicated than transparent expressions of the writers' political conservatism. The novels clearly represent narratives of decline in which potentially heroic representatives become criminals and diseased remnants of their former potential selves. Yet I would argue...

The role relationship between victim and perpetrator as a predictor of characteristics of intrafamilial sexual abuse

It is hypothesized that the closeness of the relationship between the perpetrator of sexual abuse and the victim will determine the number of instances of sexual abuse, the duration of the sexually abusive relationship, the level of coercion necessary to gain compliance, and how long it takes the victim to tell. Differences for cases where the perpetrator is the victim's father and married to the victim's mother, the victim's stepfather or victim's mother's live-in boyfriend, and the victim's noncustodial father are explored. It is argued that in the first case type, the relationship is the closest, the second case type falls in the middle, and in the third, the relationship is the most distant. Hypotheses regarding number of instances of sexual abuse, its duration, and the delay in telling are supported by the data.