Victimization Behaviors Research Articles

Социально-психологические причины и способы совершения мошенничества в современном обществе

In the presented scientific article, the authors had the opportunity to identify the main socio-psychological causes, determinants, conditions for the formation of criminal behavior of a fraudster; ways of committing criminal acts by him; types of personality of a fraudster and give them a socio-psychological characteristic. The article provides a legal and psychological analysis of the victim behavior of victims of fraud and suggests directions for the development of measures to prevent it of a socio-psychological nature.

Violence of Adult Sons Against Mothers in the Context of Matricide

This article endeavours to analyse an important and concerning phenomenon: women killed by their adult sons. It focuses on parricide (killing of parents or close relatives), with special attention on killing of mothers (matricide), while the term ‘homicide’ is used as an overarching term for killing human beings. The article gives an overview of statistics on reported cases of matricide over a five-year period. Employing qualitative analysis, it refers to four court judgments in instances of matricide committed by adult offspring in Lithuania between 2021 and 2023. Based on the analysis of recent international studies, crime statistics and court decisions, the aim of this study is to highlight deeper social problems, which predispose mothers to susceptibility to matricide. Therefore, the article contributes new knowledge to the discourse within the field of gender-based violence against women. Moreover, this study provides professionals in the field of domestic abuse with enriched comprehension of the matricide phenomenon and enhances institutional cooperation seeking prevention of violent behaviour and adequate protection of victims.

The Role of Rumination as a Mediator of Psychological Distress Relationships and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Behavior in Adolescent Victims of Bullying

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is the deliberate destruction of body tissue without suicidal intent. NSSI occurs a lot in adolescents. Bullying is the most common factor in adolescents who commit NSSI. The impact of other than NSSI on adolescent bullying victims is psychological distress. Previous research stated that psychological distress can cause NSSI behavior needs to be mediated by a variable, one of the variables that can be related is rumination. This study aims to determine the role of rumination as a mediator of the relationship between psychological distress and NSSI behavior in adolescent bullying victims. The study design is non-experimental. Participants were adolescents aged 16–21 years, experienced bullying, self-harm within 12 months (n=60). The sampling technique used is non probability sampling. The instrument of this study was K10 for psychological distress (α=.86). Ruminative Response Scale (RRS) for rumination (α=.75) and Inventory of Statement About Self Injury (ISAS) for NSSI behavior (α=.83). Results showed that rumination does not mediate the relationship of distress and NSSI in adolescent victims of bullying. However, psychological distress correlated and have a role in the emerge of rumination and NSSI in adolescent bullying victims. ANNOVA test showed that distress, rumination and NNSI were highest in participants with a high frequency of bullying. Therefore, it is important to intervene reduce psychological distress in adolescents and take preventive action and education related to the impact of bullying.

Assessing The Information-Seeking Behavior of Cianjur Earthquake Survivors: A Study of Information Needs and Access

In the midst of a disaster such as an earthquake, one of the most important things is the dissemination of the right information. Searching for the right information can affect the safety of one's life. Therefore, studies related to information seeking behavior during disasters can illustrate how a person searches for information in response to circumstances during a disaster. This study aims to determine how much the level of conformity of information seeking behavior carried out by victims of the Cianjur earthquake disaster with the disaster information seeking behavior model. This research uses quantitative methods with a case study approach in the Cianjur area. The population in this study were earthquake victims in Cianjur with productive age (15-57 years). The sample used was 100 respondents using accidental sampling technique. The hypothesis in this study is the level of information seeking behavior of earthquake victims in Cianjur in accordance with the disaster information seeking behavior model. The results of the study obtained a score on the first warning dimension of 2.39. The dimension of recipient characteristics amounted to 2.83 and message characteristics amounted to 3.59. The information source horizon dimension was 3.03 and the feedback dimension was 3.36. Based on these results, an average score of 3.04 was obtained. The score is in the interval 2.51 - 3.25, which indicates that the information seeking behavior of earthquake victims in Cianjur is at the "appropriate" level with the disaster information seeking behavior model.

DIGITAL FRAUD: WHAT STUDENTS KNOW ABOUT IT (EXPERIENCE IN CONDUCTING A FOCUS GROUP INTERVIEW)

The article, based on statistical data and sociological research from a focus group interview conducted among students, updates the problem of cyber fraud. The dynamics of stolen funds of Russians over five years, the level of awareness of students about cyber fraud, the types and forms of fraud schemes that informants have encountered are shown. The most common forms of fraud are deception associated with the transfer of money for a purchase/service on the Internet with or without priority links, phishing sites and hacking of a page (account), with the subsequent demand for money for its return. This may be due to the fact that young people are active users of social media (social networks, instant messengers, games, marketplaces, etc.) and most often use online shopping. Next come less popular forms of cyber fraud, such as “raising” funds for SVO participants, the “anti-cafe” scheme, and telephone calls under the “relative in need” scheme. A number of signs to identify a fraudster (assertiveness, aggressiveness in response to the desire to check information, commanding tone, top secrecy during a call, etc.) have been identified. The reasons and factors (internal and external) contributing to the deception of a potential victim have been established (low awareness, lack of experience in dealing with digital fraud schemes, personal qualities (excessive gullibility, pliability, fear of public condemnation, greed), the use of external factors (SVO), social technologies engineering by attackers). In the context of simulated situations of cyber fraud, algorithms for the safe behavior of potential victims were identified, and students proposed measures to prevent digital fraud.

Perceptions of the freezing response of male and female rape victims, and the moderating role of rape myth beliefs

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether indicating victims of sexual attacks actively resisted their attacker or froze during their assault affected perceptions of victim blame, perpetrator blame and seriousness of the crime. We also tested whether victim and perpetrator gender or participants’ rape myth endorsement moderated the outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThis study was a cross-sectional, vignette survey study with a 2 × 2 between-participants experimental design. Participants read a mock police report describing an alleged rape with a female or male victim who either resisted or froze, while perpetrator gender was adjusted heteronormatively.FindingsFreezing and male victims were blamed more than resisting and female victims. Perpetrators were blamed more when the victim resisted, but male and female perpetrators were blamed equally. Seriousness of the crime was higher for male perpetrators and when the victim resisted. Female, but not male, rape myth acceptance moderated the relationship between victim behaviour and outcome variables.Originality/valueThis study highlights the influence of expectations about victim behaviour on perceptions of rape victims and the pervasive influence of rape myths when evaluating female rape victims. The data is drawn from the German border region of the Netherlands, which is an especially valuable population given the evolving legal definitions of rape in both countries.

Care seeking behavior of the victims of unintentional injuries: A community-based study in a community development block of Purba Bardhaman District, West Bengal.

Care-seeking after injury episodes is generally associated with major uncertainties concerning its incidence, care, and cure/disappearance, and the price of care. Though the utilization pattern of the population is shaped by social, economic, cultural and political factors, it varies widely for the rich and the poor. With this background, a community-based epidemiological study was conducted to determine the care-seeking behavior of victims of unintentional injuries. A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2023-September 2023 in the Bhatar block of Purba Bardhaman district, West Bengal. Cluster random sampling was applied to select a required sample of 555 individuals from 24 villages. Study tools used were predesigned and pretested schedules developed by the researchers with the help of guidelines for conducting community surveys on injuries provided by the World Health Organization (WHO). The study had approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Descriptive statistics were performed using SPSS V16. Out of 49 injury episodes, 51.0% had received first aid. Out of 39 injury episodes seeking medical attention, a traditional practitioner, healer or bone setter was the type of first medical contact in the case of the majority of injury episodes (38.5%), followed by a hospital (35.9%). Low utilization of government healthcare facilities is a cause for concern. Reliance on unqualified informal healthcare providers is also a cause for concern. Our findings will help design community interventions to increase the provision of appropriate first aid in unintentional injuries.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ДЕТСКО-РОДИТЕЛЬСКИХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ У ПОДРОСТКОВ СО СКЛОННОСТЬЮ К ВИКТИМНОМУ ПОВЕДЕНИЮ

The article examines the role of child-parent relations in the formation of victimization of the personality of adolescents. The relevance of the study is associated with an increase in the number of adolescents subjected to illegal actions, as well as with the contribution of the family environment, confirmed in many studies, to the formation of individual psychological characteristics of adolescents, including those that are predictors of victimization. The study involved 60 teenagers from full families with their own parents. In the course of the study, adolescents were divided into two groups according to their propensity for victim behavior and the type of victim behavior prevailing in the groups. The characteristics of attachment to parents were evaluated, as well as indicators of the relationship between parents and a child. The study confirmed the fact of a significant contribution of the family to the formation of adolescent victimization. The marker of a high level of victimization is largely the hostile relationship of adolescents with the father with the absence of a feeling of intimacy and interest. Hostility and inconsistency on the part of parents with an insufficient level of intimacy and positive interest have an impact on the formation of all types of victim behavior. The results obtained make it possible to develop recommendations for the prevention of victimization to reduce the number of victims and active participants in crimes among adolescents.

A prospective study on health seeking behaviour and post exposure prophylaxis received by animal bite victims at the anti-rabies clinic in a tertiary care centre of urban Bangalore.

Rabies is 100% preventable by administering early and complete post exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Animal bite victims must have the knowledge and attitude necessary to seek appropriate medical care at the earliest to receive the required PEP. The present study sought to ascertain the health-seeking behavior of animal bite victims, their knowledge and attitude regarding rabies prophylaxis, the PEP they received, and their level of compliance with the full course of anti-rabies vaccination. The study included animal bite cases that presented to the anti-rabies clinic and matched the eligibility criteria. All the required details were recorded using an internally validated structured questionnaire. All participants were followed up for six months to ensure their health conditions and compliance with the vaccination schedule. Out of 1058 respondents, 57.9% were adults, with 46.6% belonging to middle socioeconomic class. 91.1% of them were informed biting animals as dogs. Before arriving at the anti-rabies clinic, 93.3% of the study subjects washed their wounds, and 62.4% visited to another health facility. Rabies knowledge was inadequate among the study participants, only 54.8% being mindful about the disease and its prevention. The compliance with the full course of antirabies vaccination was found to be 77.9%. All subjects were healthy, confirming that PEP is safe and effective. Regular social and behavioral change communication (SBCC) needs to be implemented with regard to health-seeking behavior.

The Necessity of Developing Psychological Resilience in Individuals who have Experienced Domestic Violence: Analysis of the Issue

Introduction. The article is aimed at analysing the problem of overcoming the consequences of domestic violence through increasing the victim’s resilience. The relevance of the study is explained by several factors: firstly, the increasing frequency of domestic violence, and secondly, the necessity of including in rehabilitation programs blocks for the development of those personal characteristics that will allow not only to overcome the experienced stress, but also to reduce the possibility of getting into situations of violence again. Adequate levels of psychological resilience are seen by the authors as a necessary condition for optimizing the exit from the victim position. The novelty of the study is expressed in the fact that for the first time in our country resilience is considered as a factor influencing overcoming the consequences of violence.Objective. To explore the importance of developing psychological resilience in victims of domestic violence.Definition of violence and its types. The authors provide the main theoretical provisions regarding the psychological analysis of violence, the consequences of violence for the victim, and psychological resilience. Violence is distinguished from aggression and conflicts by its systematic nature and actions aimed at suppressing the will of the victim.The effects of violence on the victim. The authors mention the main consequences of violence, which include deterioration of physical and mental health, changes in behavioural patterns, and suicidal tendencies. The concept of psychological resilience. Psychological resilience as a factor influencing the recovery of a victim of violence is understood by the authors as the ability to withstand difficult life situations while maintaining mental and physical health.Discussion. The authors’ ideas about the mandatory development of resilience in victims of domestic violence are confirmed by the opinion of researchers of victim behaviour. The development of victim psychological resilience is associated with the replacement of victim behaviour with assertive behaviour. The ability to resist violence is also influenced by the development of such aspects of psychological resilience as fight avoidance, meaningfulness, emotional regulation, and building supportive social ties. In general, an adequate level of psychological resilience affects the ability to part with the subject of violence, as well as the development of psychological disorders in victims. The author’s position is expressed in the opinion that the formation of resilience in victims of violence will lead to the possibility of their self-change, which will transform public opinion about them.

Improving Work to Reduce Victimhood of Military Personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

The practical impact on criminal manifestations in the military environment, together with criminological, criminal law, criminal procedural, and forensic areas, is also complemented by others, including victimology . Today, the military service solves the most important state tasks and performs extremely important social functions, therefore victim behavior in the Armed Forces is a serious issue that requires resolution . Previous studies indicate that for military personnel who have been subjected to criminal attacks, the level of victimization is much greater than for others . In this regard, solving problems related to the maximum reduction in criminal and victim behavior in the army environment is a priority . The author concludes that among the effective tools for reducing victimization in the military environment, first and foremost is victimological prevention, as well as victimological forecasting, the importance of which is only increasing every year . He also convincingly proved that it is impossible to achieve a positive effect in reducing victimization in the military environment by ignoring the high-quality coordination of the activities in question, improving the legal framework for this work, scientifically based and normatively enshrined prevention of criminal processes in the troops, as well as other measures . In the future, we should strive to ensure that the victimological impact on military crime represents a set of forms and methods to prevent the victimization of the persons in question, as well as to ensure the safety of potential victims of this crime

Prototypes of Hate and Expectations of the Model Victim.

This research explored the content of hate crime prototypes in a North American context, with particular attention to how such prototypes might influence blame attributions. In Study 1a, participants were recruited from a blended sample of universities (n = 110) and community members (n = 102) and asked to report their thoughts about typical hate crime offenses, victims, and offenders. These open-ended responses were coded, and common themes were identified. In Study 1b, a new group of participants (n = 290) were presented with these themes and asked to rate each for their characteristics of hate crimes. Studies 1a and 1b confirmed the presence of a clear prototype of hate crimes, such that (a) perpetrators were believed to be lower status White men with clear expressions of bias, (b) hate crime offenses were believed to be acts of interpersonal violence accompanied by slurs or verbal abuse, and (c) hate crime victims were thought to be members of a marginalized group who remain passive during the offense. Study 2 explored the consequences of victim prototypes on assessments of victim blame. Participants (n = 296) were recruited from York University and presented with a case vignette that varied the prototypicality of a victim of hate, depicting him as either Black or White and either passive, verbally responsive, or physically confrontational in the context of an assault. Participants showed greatest sympathy for the Black victim who passively ignored verbal harassment but increasingly assigned blame when the Black victim spoke or reacted physically. When the victim was White, participants showed little variation in their assessment of blame as a function of the victim's behavior. These results suggest that Black victims are subjected to greater behavioral scrutiny than White victims and that sympathy for victims of hate may be contingent on their passivity in the face of harassment.

Features of measures to prevent victim behaviour among adolescents in Kazakhstan

Relevance. The relevance of the study is due to the need to expand the methods of prevention of victim behaviour, which are taught by future social educators, due to the growing demand for reducing the level of domestic violence in Kazakhstan by helping teenage girls in difficult life situations.Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to identify effective methods of preventing victim behaviour in adolescent girls and compile a methodology for preventing the consolidation of the victim component of the personality.Methodology. The leading approach to this problem is the longitudinal research method, which allowed achieving the set goal and evaluating the effectiveness of the developed methodology for preventing victim behaviour. The following methods were also used in the course of the study: testing using the methodology for determining the propensity to victim behaviour, natural experiment, observation, classification, comparative method, system analysis, synthesis, deduction, and analysis of scientific sources.Results. The paper presents the results of a longitudinal study, which showed the effectiveness of the proposed technique at the level of 37.9% for teenage girls with previously identified victimisation. The paper also reveals the individual factors of victim behaviour formation, describes the processes of social and personal activity that directly affect the formation of a person's self-esteem, identifies the features of self-esteem of teenage girls, suggests a number of measures and practices aimed at preventing and reducing victimisation by adjusting self-esteem to a normal level, justifies the choice of proposed measures and practices aimed at to prevent and reduce victim behaviour in the selected category.Conclusions. The materials of the study are of practical value for theorists and practitioners of social pedagogy due to the fact that the developed programme for the prevention of victim behaviour has been tested empirically and has shown its effectiveness when used in working with students of middle and high schools.

Blame and Severity Attributions in Vignette-Based Female-On-Male Rape: The Case of the Victim's Prior Sexual Victimization, Resistance, and Sexual Arousal.

This study examines blame attributions of victims and perpetrators in female-on-male rape cases and event severity attributions as affected by three victim-related variables: prior sexual victimization, resistance during the rape, and sexual arousal during the rape. It assesses the relative weight of each of these variables in determining the attribution of blame to the victim and perpetrator and the attribution of severity to the event. The study found that sexual arousal and absence of resistance correlated with higher victim blame attribution, lower perpetrator blame, and lower event severity attributions, while prior sexual victimization had the opposite correlations. We therefore conclude that blame and severity attributions are affected by the victim's behavior prior to the rape and during the rape.

The Intention to use Digital Payment in the UMKM Sector in Manado City

Bullying is a dangerous problem in education today, especially for students. Most students are victims of bullying from their schoolmates. Bullying in students that is carried out continuously will have an impact on mental health. Many victims of bullying have not received an education, so they do not dare to reveal it to teachers or parents. This condition makes it difficult for teachers to monitor and follow up on bullying cases at school. This study aims to determine what causes children to be bullied and the impact of bullying behaviour on fourth-grade students of SD Muhammadiyah 1 Sragen. This research uses a qualitative case study type. Data collection techniques used observation, questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. Primary data sources were obtained from observations and interviews with students, teachers and parents. The secondary data sources are through records and journals. Based on the results of research at SD Muhammadiyah 1 Sragen, the results show that the form of bullying behaviour is direct verbal, physical, and psychological bullying. The factors that cause this case are influenced by parenting style, play environment, socialization and mass media. So that this treatment has an impact on the behaviour of victims who are traumatized, become quiet, not confident, and have feelings of fear. This fourth-grade student showed that it was too severe, for example, cursing with parents' nicknames, slapping hands on the head, and fighting with friends. Efforts made by parents and teachers to increase children's supervision of relationships are through the parent-teacher meeting evaluation program.

Психологические предикаты виктимного поведения молодых людей с интеллектуальными нарушениями

<p><em>The study is aimed at identifying the main individual psychological qualities of a personality that provoking the occurrence of victim behavior in high school students with intellectual disabilities (ID). Victim behavior is considered as the behavior of an individual with a social deviation from the norm, in which the individual himself, due to the commission of certain actions or inaction, finds himself in the role of a victim of a situation, conflict, bullying, fraud or other illegal actions. The study involved high school students with ID (N=492) living in Russia, including the newly annexed regions of Lugansk, Kherson and Donetsk regions. The study used methods of problematization, dialogization, and group interaction. It has been revealed that personal immaturity, impulsiveness, suggestibility, very high or low self-esteem, poor regulation of one’s emotional state and behavior, concrete thinking, and weak analysis of situations contribute to the development of victim behavior in students with ID. The data obtained in the study are sufficient material for organizing preventive work to reduce victimization among students with ID.</em></p>

Criminological characteristics of traffic accident victims

The article analyzes the level, structure, and dynamics of road traffic accidents with casualties, fatalities, and injuries for 2012-2023 years in Ukraine. A stable general trend towards a decrease in the number of road accidents with victims (- 64.4%), as well as the number of dead (- 44.1%) and injured (- 66.0%) over the specified period, which is mainly related to incomplete accounting of statistical data that do not come from temporarily occupied territories and territories where hostilities are taking place. There was no noticeable improvement in the safety situation in the field of road traffic. In 2023 year, the number of road accident victims will increase, especially among children and pedestrians. Most often, accidents result in serious injuries or death are drivers (40.7%) and passengers (32.7%), as well as pedestrians (20.7%) and cyclists (5.7%) are most often seriously injured or killed in accidents. By age, people aged 21-64 dominate, followed by children from birth to 15 years old - 7.8%, people from 65 years and older - 6.2%, and 16-17-year-olds - 4.8%. New road users have appeared, namely: military personnel, volunteers, members of the territorial defense, who often create emergencies on the roads or become victims of road accidents. In the conditions of a protracted war, there is an increase in manifestations of victim behavior among road users, and at the same time, the discipline of vehicle drivers is decreasing. The largest number of dead and injured in road accidents fixed in the frontline regions and the capital. The situation in the western part of Ukraine stabilized. Infrastructural, psychological and behavioral factors related to war have a significant influence on the victimization of the population. About half of pedestrians and a third of cyclists killed or seriously injured through their own fault, ignoring safety rules. Motorcyclists, drivers of scooters, electric scooters, who move along the roadway without protective helmets in the dark are in the zone of increased risk. The number of road users vulnerable to accidents is rapidly increasing due to the low-mobility population groups affected by the war. This should be taken into account by the state in the new road safety strategy.

Aspects of role models in bullying as a basis for interaction.

The object of this study is the role models that can be chosen by the participants of the confrontation within the framework of bullying, the subject of the study was social consequences of the application of specific behavioral scenarios in the conflict. These consequences are manifested through the results of the confrontation and the impact of these results on the statuses and positions in the educational environment at different levels, changes in the structure of factions, and interaction between them. Among the applied research methods are comparison, generalization, and synthesis. In the context of conflict methodology, the work is based on the consideration of the theories of conflict functions of Lewis Сoser and the conflict of Ralph Darendorf. The innovative aspect of the research consists of a comprehensive understanding and analysis of Western experience in the field of pedagogy and the development of new conceptual models. It should be emphasized that few studies of bullying in Russian pedagogical conflictology have been carried out. Western researchers often consider the victim of bullying as a passive participant deprived of subjectivity. The authors propose to perceive bullying as a conflict and consider it not only as bullying but also as a situation of negative leadership. The new models considered in our study highlight victim role scripts and assimilation/accommodation of behaviors within the aggressor/victim dichotomy. In addition, the novelty of the study is manifested in the introduction of the concept of role (emotional) benefit and a comprehensive consideration of the aspects of benefit that a "victim" receives in a conflict. The authors propose a system of scenarios and sub-scenarios of victim behavior, taking into account the assimilation/accommodation of certain behavioral patterns when subjects are included in a bullying situation.

THE PROBLEM OF FAMILY VIOLENCE AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING WITH A SPECIAL ASPECT ON KOSOVO

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">The paper analyzes domestic violence and human trafficking, with special reference to the Republic of Kosovo. The aim of the work is to analyze the circumstances that favor the aforementioned criminal acts, the behavior of victims in the matter of reporting violence, and the way in which society treats the aforementioned criminal acts. The dogmatic method, through the prism of the legislation of the Republic of Kosovo, describes the work of the institutions and the manner in which the procedure for reporting the aforementioned criminal offenses is carried out. Preventive measures, treatment of suspects for domestic violence, protection measures for victims of domestic violence and rehabilitation of victims of human trafficking were presented. Along with statistical indicators of various forms of domestic violence, the paper describes the most common forms of domestic violence and the methods of recruiting victims of human trafficking.</span></p> <p> </p>

THE PROBLEM OF FAMILY VIOLENCE AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING WITH A SPECIAL ASPECT ON KOSOVO

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">The paper analyzes domestic violence and human trafficking, with special reference to the Republic of Kosovo. The aim of the work is to analyze the circumstances that favor the aforementioned criminal acts, the behavior of victims in the matter of reporting violence, and the way in which society treats the aforementioned criminal acts. The dogmatic method, through the prism of the legislation of the Republic of Kosovo, describes the work of the institutions and the manner in which the procedure for reporting the aforementioned criminal offenses is carried out. Preventive measures, treatment of suspects for domestic violence, protection measures for victims of domestic violence and rehabilitation of victims of human trafficking were presented. Along with statistical indicators of various forms of domestic violence, the paper describes the most common forms of domestic violence and the methods of recruiting victims of human trafficking.</span></p> <p> </p>