Victimization Research Articles

Laughing when the Lights Go Out: Humour and the Electricity Crisis in South Africa

As a dire consequence of complex problems, the centralised, state-owned power utility in South Africa, Eskom, has implemented so-called “loadshedding.” This is the name for a regime of scheduled power-cuts that has persisted since 2007, causing significant economic and psychological damage among South Africans. Nevertheless, despite the severity of the Eskom debacle, South Africans have produced an unending stream of social media humour in response to it. In this article, we ask what such humour might tell us about the nature of the collective South African psycho-social mindset. We collected 380 humorous items relating to the portrayal of Eskom in South African popular culture. These took the form of comic strips, comical memes, and satirical reels from various social media platforms, including Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, WhatsApp, Twitter, and YouTube. The humorous responses, primarily in English as South Africa’s lingua franca, were produced by a range of content creators—from celebrities like Trevor Noah and other regular content creators to unknown beneficiaries of virality—representing a diversity of cultures, humour styles, contexts and audiences. We created a comprehensive list of all the humorous items that readily lent themselves to interpretive analysis in terms of an anthropomorphic portrayal of Eskom as the abuser in an ongoing abusive relationship with the South African citizenry suffering from a victim mentality. The main aim of the article is to demonstrate the pervasiveness of this portrayal, the significance of which lies in its capacity to open up avenues for further philosophical reflection and sociological research.

The tensions of crowdsourcing disaster response in disaster‐specific Facebook groups after the Camp Fire

AbstractDisaster‐specific Facebook groups (DSFGs) are Facebook groups devoted to a specific disaster or set of disasters. I argue DSFGs offer opportunities for disaster response and resilience organizing that can mitigate the limitations of institutionalized disaster response and illustrate the benefits and detriments of the use of DSFGs by survivors after California's 2018 Camp Fire. This study explores the helpfulness and unhelpfulness or hurtfulness of Camp Fire Facebook groups (CFFGs) for survivors' recoveries. I surveyed 232 Camp Fire survivors who used CFFGs. Sharing recovery processes and spreading information in CFFGs were both helpful and unhelpful to survivors' recoveries. CFFGs were also helpful for exchanging direct assistance, sustaining community, developing new relationships, lifting spirits, and championing survivors and unhelpful or hurtful due to scamming, facing negativity, and encountering the victim mentality. I contend that tensions exist for crowdsourcing disaster response in DSFGs, whereby what makes a DSFG helpful can also be unhelpful or hurtful, and I call for coordination between DSFGs and institutional disaster response to improve disaster response networks.

The relationship between an individual’s desire for fame and their victim mentality characteristics

The relationship between an individual’s desire for fame and their victim mentality characteristics

Counseling to SD Al-Washliyah Berastagi Students Regarding Prevention and How to Deal with Body Shaming

The term body shaming is intended to ridicule those who have a physical appearance that is considered quite different from society in general. Maybe for some people the act of Body shaming is a joke, but if it is practiced regularly, it will undoubtedly have an effect on the victim's mentality due to shame. In this regard, it is necessary to have media to distribute information and invitations not to engage in body shaming. As a result of this counseling activity, Al-Washliyah Berastagi Private Elementary School pupils who are service participants receive education. it is hoped that later there will be an increase in awareness in selecting the topics of conversation with the interlocutor, also not paying too much attention to other people's personal matters

Intimate Partner Violence in a Heterosexual Marriage: Case Study of a Korean Couple

This study explores an abusive wife's symptoms and risk factors of intimate partner violence (IPV) in a heterosexual relationship. A qualitative approach, using a conceptual cluster network, was used to analyse the family therapy case of a wife abusing her husband. Findings indicate that the wife's IPV‐related symptoms included victim mentality, despair, depression, insomnia, aggression, and the desire to divorce the husband. The wife's risk factors were present at the personal, family‐relational, and sociocultural levels. This study indicates that therapists counselling violent Korean couples may explore couples' communication styles, undifferentiation of self, transference, the culture of filial piety, and the influence of Confucian culture.

Family Functioning Against Problem Solving Coping Adolescent Victims of Bullying

Bullying generally has a negative impact on the victim's mentality. Victims of bullying have a negative impact on themselves and the environment if not addressed immediately. Family functioning is one of the factors that can minimize the occurrence of bullying. Through problem solving coping, children imitate what parents usually do in solving a problem. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods, using interviews and observations as data collection techniques. The results of this study indicate that problem solving in the family plays an important role in family functioning, along with the selection of coping strategies used in solving a problem. Coping strategies used by a child are innate constructs from parents and tend to be stable over time.

CADETS’ PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING DURING TRAINING PERIOD AT MILITARY INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION

This empirical study describes factors that facilitate/impede the psychological wellbeing of cadets studying at Ukrainian military institutions of higher education. The preference was given to the psycholinguistic method of research, namely the free associative experiment. We argue that the most important factor for cadets’ psychological well-being is self-acceptance. When cadets correlate their self-image with professional military activity they develop healthy self-esteem and they are characterized by positive emotional states. Cadets’ failure to identify themselves with professional military activity leads to the predominance of negative emotional states. Factors such as some opportunities for personal growth and the increases the probabilities of achievement of the vital purposes are characterized by their correlation with positive aspects of cadets’ psychological well-being. A favorable psychological atmosphere in collective is another factor of cadet’s psychological well-being. The exceptions are those cadets who have inflated demands and expectations, or cadets with victim mentality. Factors such as autonomy and environmental management are characterized by their correlation with negative aspects of cadets’ psychological well-being. The high-risk category is cadets who enter the military institutions having ideal vision about military service that does not accord with reality, cadets for whom the decision to study in some military institution is made by their parents against their will, and cadets who join the army under pressure of life circumstances. The lack of personal autonomy and the inability to independently control one’s life can result in health disorders, as indicated by cadet’s emotional states of weariness, despondency, melancholy, hopelessness.

Korban Dan/Atau Pelaku: Atribusi Victim Blaming pada Korban Kekerasan Seksual Berbasis Gender di Lingkungan Kampus

Sexual harassment frequently occurs in educational institutions such as colleges. The issue is exposed on the internet or reported directly by the authorized party. However, these reports lead society tendentiously to blame the victim. The victim-blaming phenomenon in sexual harassment cases particularly, when the victim object is female college students effecting them feeling frustrated, and scared, and even their rights as the victim cannot be obtained at all. This form of attribution of victims of violence often spurs the emergence of a victim mentality for victims of the stigma attached to dualism, as victims as well as contributing to the occurrence of violent events that befell them (the perpetrator). These things cause the victims to prefer remaining silent, than to reveal the case that has been going through due to worrying to be blamed. This research aims to figure out how the victim-blaming phenomenon happens to the victim of sexual harassment based on gender in educational institutions to provide policy recommendations to protect the victim and also for the student organization or the college. The method of this research is qualitative descriptive by utilizing triangulation data sources as data validation for the research approach. Data is obtained by documentation, field study, and depth interview with the victim of sexual harassment and policy experts from the college by using purposive sampling. Data analysis is performed together with the collecting data process by using qualitative techniques consisting of data reduction, display data, and conclusion. The result of this study shows that the student organization and college can role to form some preventive efforts on the victim-blaming phenomenon which can be implemented through a program or activity that is carried out online or offline.

Cognitive Attitudes and Biases of Victim Mentality

The research analyzes cognitive attitudes and biases in people with victim mentality. The hypothesis that the study aims to test is that there is a correlation between the level of victimhood and the cognitive attitudes and biases that determine victim behaviour. Methodologically, the study relies on a range of tools, including the questionnaire “Predisposition to Victim Behaviour”, the Victim Mentality Questionnaire, the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale and the adjusted REBT-test (rational emotive behaviour therapy). The study was conducted in 2018 in Russia and covered a sample of 106 people: 45 male and 61 female respondents aged 20–29. The hypothesis was confirmed and correlations were found between the type of victim behaviour, victim mentality, dysfunctional attitudes and irrational beliefs. Irrational beliefs are thus considered as victimogenic determinants correlating with the level of victimhood and forms of victim behaviour. These findings can be used to develop preventive and therapeutic strategies to help patients suffering from victim mentality and related problems.

Mindfulness Techniques as a Means of Developing Reflexivity in Patients with Victim Mentality

The present research featured the effect of mindfulness-based techniques on the development of reflexivity in patients with victim mentality. Mindfulness techniques include such practices as breathing exercises, meditation, progressive relaxation, journaling, visualization, etc. They are believed to develop reflexivity, as well as various useful personal and social responsibility skills. The study was based on O. O. Andronnikova’s methods for studying the victim behavior and the methods for determining reflexivity level by A. V. Karpov and V. V. Ponomarev. The survey (N=208) involved respondents aged 18–23 (145 women, 63 men). Tests revealed 52 subjects with victim mindset. They were divided into experimental (N=25) and control (N=27) groups. The participants attended group sessions of mindfulness-based practices once a week for six months. Based on the results of Mann-Whitney U-criterion and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, the therapy proved efficient in differentiating the inner world of the participants and improving their conscious functioning in society in the time continuum. The mindfulness techniques promoted the development of reflexivity in patients with victim mentality and decreased self-harming behavior (p=0.045) and aggression (p=0.033).

Kurds Stuck in Pain: A View of Kurdish Identity in the Way of Performativity

Why can Kurds not be happy, peaceful, joyous, and live a lifestyle on the top that they deserve just as many other ethnic identities have already done? Why do Kurds not have an independent state with a healthy and wealthy society just as many other populations, even the smallest, have achieved? Is it the destiny of Kurds? Or is it about behviours? The answer emerges from the pain that Kurds are stuck in. In this paper, Judith Butler’s concept of performativity is used to argue the aggrieved discourse that accompanies Kurdish identity with a tricky position called victim mentality. Analyzing limited and repeated discourses about Kurdish identity is used to attempt to suggest a new way of doing so, discursively. The idea that using a style of linguistic acts with embodied practices enables one to go beyond the current binary political framework for Kurds is explored.

Use of Tanner stages to estimate chronological age in alleged child pornography cases: A systematic review.

The last two decades have seen an exponential growth in the distribution and availability of child pornographic material on the Internet and social networks. The medical community is involved in assisting the investigating authorities in relation to estimating the age and sexual maturity of the alleged victims. To determine the efficacy of using Tanner stages as a method for esti mating chronological age in alleged child pornography cases based on published evidence. Systematic review study in PubMed and Scopus databases following PRISMA guideli nes. Articles describing the outcome of using Tanner stages to estimate chronological age in alleged child pornography cases were identified. For screening, those written in English or Spanish published from January 1, 2000, to April 30, 2020, were considered. The following data were extracted from the articles included: type of study; material and methods used; Tanner items examined; evaluators' characteristics; results; estimated chronological age versus real age; observer-dependent variations (bias); and conclusions. Seven studies were included. Three were literature reviews and four were case studies with expert testimony and observer bias. This method is ineffective when the alleged victim, in both sexes, shows sexual maturation in Tanner stages 3-5. In stages 1-2, it may be useful to state that the victim is under 18 years old, but not to determine their chronological age. Scientific evidence discourages the use of Tanner stages to estimate the chronological age of the vic tim from images in alleged child pornography cases. Pediatricians, and other medical professionals, should avoid making a testimony that is not scientifically based.

Hubungan Tindakan Bullying dengan Tingkat Kepercayaan Diri Seseorang

Bullying is a phenomenon that often occurs in adolescents, especially in elementary, junior high, high school, and even in college environments, there are still frequent bullying cases. The perpetrator of this bullying can attack the heart, physically, and the worst is the victim's mentality. When a person is mentally attacked, it will affect the person's level of self-confidence, even in the most severe cases, the victim of bullying can attempt suicide. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between bullying and a person's self-confidence. This study uses a quantitative method with a survey approach to students. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between bullying and one's self-confidence. Suggestions for youth not to be easily swayed by someone's words and seek an appropriate environment of friendship

Los derechos económicos, sociales y culturales de los artistas en contextos de violencia y pobreza. El caso de Acapulco, México

La pobreza y la victimización ocasionadas por el crimen y la violencia son consideradas violaciones a los derechos económicos, sociales y culturales, y a la dignidad humana. Las poblaciones más excluidas suelen ser víctimas recurrentes de estas violaciones de derechos. Los artistas son una de estas poblaciones, pues usualmente se encuentran en situación de vulnerabilidad socio-económica estructural.
 Tomando como caso de estudio a la ciudad de Acapulco, México, una de las localidades más violentas y empobrecidas del país, intentamos responder, ¿cómo es ejercido el arte en Acapulco, una ciudad con un alto índice de población en situación de pobreza y con un alto nivel de violencia? ¿Qué implicaciones tiene esto en la práctica artística? A su vez, ¿cómo ejercen sus derechos quienes se dedican al arte en Acapulco? Para ello, se diseñó un estudio de caso cualitativo instrumental centrado en las experiencias de los artistas. Mediante un análisis temático identificamos que en Acapulco los artistas ejercen sus derechos económicos, sociales y culturales principalmente a través del mercado, y en los casos de un ejercicio más constante, éste se encuentra asociado con un contrato laboral formal, más que desde la oferta pública garantizada por el Estado.

Sexual Victimization and Depression in Children: the Impact of Sleep Disorders and Perception of Neighborhood Safety

Sexual Victimization and Depression in Children: the Impact of Sleep Disorders and Perception of Neighborhood Safety

Relationship among bullying victimization, psychological traits and suicide ideation of middle school students in Bijie

Objective To explore relationship among bullying victimization, psychological traits and suicide ideation of middle school students, and to provide suggestions for school bullying and suicide prevention for adolescents. Methods A total of 3 635 students of 7-9th grade from 5 junior middle schools were enrolled and investigated with the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ), psychological traits questionnaire for middle school students and suicide ideation questionnaire. Results Prevalence of bullying victimization was 28.34% of middle school students, while the prevalence of verbal, relational and physical bullying were 22.59%, 12.05% and 7.54%, respectively. Boys had significantly higher rates of bullying victimization than girls ( χ 2 = 88.92, 94.29, 7.69, P <0.01). Bullying victimization was positively associated with suicidal ideation ( r = 0.21, P <0.01), while associated with psychological traits ( r = –0.17, –0.22, P <0.01). Psychological traits had a moderating effect on the relationship between bullying victimization and suicidal ideation ( β = –0.04, P <0.05). Conclusion Psychological traits can buffer the adverse effects of bullying victimization on suicidal ideation, and the critical role of psychological traits in the maintenance and development of adolescent mental health should be emphasized. 【摘要】 目的 探讨初中生欺凌受害、心理素质和自杀意念之间的关系, 为校园欺凌防治和青少年自杀预防提供参考依 据。 方法 采用Olweus儿童欺负问卷、中学生心理素质问卷和自杀意念问卷, 对整群抽取的毕节试验区5所初级中学的 3 635名七至九年级学生进行问卷调查。 结果 毕节试验区初中生欺凌受害的检出率为28.34%, 言语欺凌、关系欺凌、身 体欺凌的检出率分别为22.59%, 12.05%和7.54%, 不同性别学生欺凌受害及言语、关系、身体欺凌的检出率差异均有统计 学意义(χ 2 值分别为88.92,94.29,7.69, P 值均<0.01)。欺凌受害与自杀意念之间呈正相关（ r = 0.21), 两者与心理素质均 呈负相关( r 值分别为-0.17, –0.22) ( P 值均<0.01)。在欺凌受害与自杀意念的关系中, 心理素质的调节作用有统计学意义 ( β = –0.04, P <0.05)。 结论 心理素质能缓冲欺凌受害对自杀意念的影响, 应重视心理素质教育在维护青少年心理健康 中的关键作用。

Self-Sacrificing or Victimized?

Self-Sacrificing or Victimized?

Autoestima en adolescentes implicados en situaciones de acoso escolar

El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar a los adolescentes implicados en situaciones de acoso escolar y el impacto de este fenómeno psicosocial en su autoestima. Se utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico, de tipo no experimental con un enfoque cuantitativo, la muestra estuvo compuesta por 261 estudiantes correspondientes a todos los niveles de bachillerato con edades comprendidas entre los 13 y 18 años de ambos sexos, de una única institución educativa. En la recolección de datos se emplearon las escalas: European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire para la identificación de víctimas y agresores y la escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg que valora la autoestima. Se identificó un 31.8% de adolescentes víctimas, un 5.7% de agresores y un 9.6% de agresores victimizados. El sexo masculino se involucraba con mayor frecuencia que el femenino en conductas de victimización; el acoso verbal fue la tipología predominante. En cuanto a la autoestima de los adolescentes, se pudo evidenciar una tendencia al alza (aspectos positivos) siendo los agresores quienes presentaron menores índices de autoestima positiva. En conclusión, se puede evidenciar que la autoestima general de los estudiantes en situaciones de acoso escolar es positiva independientemente de si son víctimas, agresores o espectadores, evidenciándose un nivel alto de satisfacción personal.

Prevalence of bullying/victimization behaviors among primary and middle school students and its relationship with breakfast consumption in Henan Province

Objective To investigate the prevalence of bullying/victimization behaviors among primary and middle school students and its relationship with breakfast consumption in Henan Province, so as to provide evidence for promoting students’ physical and mental health. Methods By stratified sampling, 103 106 primary and middle school students from 793 primary and middle schools in 45 sample couties (cities and districts) Henan Province were investigated online with Bullying/Victimization Questionnaire and Breakfast Consumption Questionnaire during Feb. to Mar. in 2019. Results The prevalences of physical, verbal, relational, cyber bullying and victimization were 4.5%, 9.4%, 4.6%, 3.3% and 11.5%, 25.2%, 16.0%, 14.5%, respectively. There were significant differences in bullying/victimization behaviors among students with different gender, grade, school location, boarding status, academic performance and academic burden (χ 2 = 13.37-5 511.09, P <0.01). The proportion of irregular breakfast consumers was 15.4% and there were significant differences in breakfast consumption among students with different grade, boarding status, academic performance and academic burden (χ 2 =945.45, 21.96, 3 591.83, 3 208.41,尸<0.01). The percentage of irregular breakfast consumers among bullies/victims were higher than those who were not involved (χ 2 = 1 589.99-2 602.78, P <0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that physical bullying/victimization, relational bullying/victimization, cyber bullying/victimization and verbal victimization could positively predict irregular breakfast consumption ( OR = 1. 27, 1. 18, 1. 33, 1. 15, 1. 35, 1. 33 1.21, P <0.01). Conclusion Attention should be paid to the bullying/victimization behaviors of primary and middle school students in Henan Province. Getting involved in bullying/victimization was a risk factor for irregular breakfast consumption. 【摘要】 目的 了解河南省中小学生欺负/受欺负行为的发生状况及其与早餐食用的关联性, 为促进中小学生身心健康 发展提供参考依据。 方法 采用欺负/受欺负问卷和早餐食用问卷, 于2019年2—3月抽取河南省45个样本县 (市、区) 793所中小学样本校103 106名中小学生进行在线调查。 结果 河南省中小学生身体、言语、关系、网绺欺负行为的报告率 分别为4.5%, 9.4%, 4.6%, 3.3%; 受欺负行为的报告率为11.5%, 25.2%, 16.0%, 14.5%, 不同性别、学段、学校所在地、寄宿状 况、学业成绩、学业负担的学生之间欺负/受欺负行为报告率差异均有统计学意义(；χ 2 = 13.37~5 511.09, P 值均<0.01)。不 经常吃早餐的学生比例为15.4%, 不同学段、寄宿状况、学业成绩、学业负担的学生之间早餐食用频次差异均有统计意义 (χ 2 值分别为945.45,21.96,3 591.83,3 208.41, P 值均<0.01);欺负/受欺负者中不经常吃早餐的比例均高于未卷人者(χ 2 = 1 589.99~2 602.78, P 值均<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示, 身体欺负/受欺负、关系欺负/受欺负、网绺欺负/受欺负 和言语受欺负对不经常吃早餐均有正向预测作用 ( OR 值分别为1.27, 1.18, 1.33, 1.15, 1.35, 1.33, 1.21, P 值均<0.01)。 结论 河南省中小学生的欺负/受欺负行为应引起重视, 卷人欺负行为是导致中小学生不经常吃早餐的危险因素

Bullying and Psychological Dating Violence: The Relation Between two Aggressive Peer-Behaviours.

Previous research has suggested that bullying could be related to teen dating violence; there may be a psycho-developmental transition between bullying and other forms of violence during adolescence as an evolution of the aggressive pattern. This study attempts to identify the role of bullying as a risk factor for psychological violence in adolescents' dating relationships, and the relationship between these two aggressive behaviours. The participants were 3,144 adolescents from Valencia (50.6% girls), enrolled in Primary Education (50.4%) and Secondary Education (49.6%). The results showed rates of involvement in bullying as high as 46.2%, while the rates of psychological dating aggression were 31.4%. The multinomial logistic regression analysis identified aggression in bullying as a predictive variable for psychological aggression during dating, while the predictors of victimization were also linked to those for victimization in bullying. After analysing the interactions, the results showed that particularly in boys, previous experience of indirect perpetration of bullying is a risk variable of later psychological dating aggression, and that this kind of experience in Primary School is a significant predictor variable for both aggression and victimization in dating. The results are discussed in terms of the psycho-developmental pattern of these aggressive behaviours.