Profile Of Victims Research Articles

Occupational Injury Related Deaths among Construction Workers in Uttarakhand- A Retrospective, Descriptive Study

Construction industry in India is vast and complex involving modern technology as well as the workforce. Annually construction industry alone contributes 24.2 % (on an average 38 people per day) fatalities out of estimated 48000 fatal occupational accidents occurred in India. As government megaprojects are in progress, an incidence of occupational injuries also rose among construction workers in Uttarakhand. This study aims to present a profile of victims of construction workers, the contributory factors and consequences of fatal accidents at construction sites. Cases of construction accident victims' data between October 2018 to September 2020 brought for an autopsy were studied. All victims were male out of which 16 (88.8%) were in 21 to 40 years of age. Majority was migrant workers from other states. Among the total victims, 12 (66.6%) were engaged in highway construction work and 6 (33.4%) in building construction work. Landslide and fall from height were common causative factors of an accident. Most of the victims died due to multiple injuries sustained on the body.

Study of Sociodemographic Profile of victims in Road Traffic Accidents: An Autopsy-Based Study at a Tertiary Care Centre in Haryana

Road traffic accidents are considered one of the important general health concerns, as they result in numerousinjuries and deaths worldwide. India is a developing nation which experiences very high rate of such accidents.This study was planned to study the sociodemographic profile of victims of fatal RTAs involving different typesof vehicles, so as to widen the database for developing the preventive measures that could reduce morbidityand mortality in such cases. A retrospective study was conducted on one hundred cases of road traffic accidentsbrought for medicolegal autopsy to mortuary of Pt. B.D Sharma PGIMS Rohtak over a period of one year. Theirage, gender, region and other socioeconomic factors were studied.

PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DOS CASOS DE VIOLÊNCIA SEXUAL EM ANÁPOLIS - GOIÁS - BRASIL, NOS ANOS 2017 A 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the epidemiological profile of victims who suffered sexual violence, in Anápolis - Goiás - Brazil, between the years 2017 to 2020. Methods: descriptive study of quantitative nature. Data from the notification form of sexual violence registered in the Department of Epidemiological Surveillance were used. Chi-square test was used with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). Results: 850 cases were notified, with the peak in 2020, 82.1% were female, between the age group of two to 10 years (42.2%), brown (61.2%) and single (37.1%). The main conduct carried out after sexual violence was blood collection (21.6%); the main aggressors were the parents (20.9%), the main type of sexual violence was rape (68.7%) and the victims were mainly referred to the Guardianship Council (48.2%). Conclusion: The results point to the need to strengthen interventions to expand the social protection network for children and adolescents.

Investigating Specific Associations Between Childhood Victimization Profiles and Positive Psychosis Symptoms: The Mediating Roles of Anxiety, Depression, and Schema.

Childhood trauma is a risk factor for psychosis. It is proposed this is due to traumatic events giving rise to psychological mechanisms that are implicated in the development and maintenance of symptoms. Investigation of the psychological mechanisms accounting for relationships between trauma and psychosis will be assisted by focusing on specific trauma profiles, hallucination modalities, and delusion subtypes. In 171 adults with schizophrenia-spectrum diagnoses and high-conviction delusions, associations between childhood trauma classes, and hallucination and delusion factors, were tested using structural equation models (SEMs). Anxiety, depression, and negative schema were examined as potential mediators of trauma class-psychosis symptom factor links. Significant associations were found between the emotional abuse/neglect and poly-victimization classes with persecutory delusions and delusions of influence, that were all mediated through anxiety (β = 1.24-0.23, P = < .05). There was an association between the physical abuse class and grandiose/religious delusions that was not explained by the mediators (β = 1.86, P = < .05). Trauma class was not significantly associated with any hallucination modality (β = 0.004-1.46, P = > .05). In a sample of people with strongly held delusions, this study demonstrates that childhood victimization is associated with delusions of influence and grandiose beliefs, as well as with persecutory delusions in psychosis. Consistent with previous findings, the potent, mediating role of anxiety supports affective pathway theories and the utility of targeting threat-related processes when treating trauma effects in psychosis.

Associations between bullying and risk for eating disorders in adolescents.

to analyze the associations between bullying participation profiles (victims, bullies, and bully-victims) and the risk for eating disorders in adolescents. a cross-sectional study was conducted with 491 students, aged 10 to 18 years. Data were collected through the application of the Peer Victimization and Aggression Scale and the Eating Attitudes Test, and were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Spearman correlation. the risk for eating disorders was higher for the victim profile, both for boys and girls. For both sexes, physical victimization, verbal victimization, and relational victimization were significantly associated with variables related to the risk for eating disorders. For boys, there were also significant associations related to aggression. student victims, especially boys, are more vulnerable to the consequences of bullying in relation to the risk for eating disorders.

Victim profiles and the protective role of school anti-bullying norms: a study of Chinese adolescents

Victim profiles and the protective role of school anti-bullying norms: a study of Chinese adolescents

Profiles of Childhood Victimization as Predictors of Sexual Aggression and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration.

The study utilized a latent profile analysis to evaluate distinct combinations of men's childhood victimization experiences and their communal predictive ability for sexual aggression (SA) and intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration. Men living in the United States (N = 399) completed assessments of emotional, physical, and sexual childhood victimization, as well as SA and IPV toward women. The results indicated that members of profiles characterized by moderate to high frequencies of childhood victimization-especially sexual victimization-were at increased risk of SA and IPV perpetration. Contrary to expectations, adult- versus peer-perpetrated victimization did not appear to substantially alter risk of perpetration.

Teen Suicide in One Province in Cordillera

As the teenage suicide was increasingly happening during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study was conducted purposely to determine the profile of victims of suicide as to age, sex, and educational background and identify the causes of teen suicide in one province in Cordillera. The qualitative design and snowball sampling method were used with the study. There were eight key informants composed of Philippine National Police (PNP) officers, teachers, and DSWD personnel. The study revealed that teens who committed suicide were between 1-21 years old and 22-41 years old. The majority of the suicide victims are males, senior high school, and college students. The causes of teenage suicide are the unseen image of suicide, depression, stress, personal problems, and promises not fulfilled due to poverty and hanging. This study finds that teen suicide can be prevented by giving importance to and acting upon family members’ unseen images of suicide. In the light of the findings, this study proposes an intervention program dubbed as “Psychosocial Intervention Program for Teen Suicide.” In the prevention of such acts, the family, along with government authorities such as the PNP and the DSWD, work hand in hand in helping individuals who are at the brink of their mental states to consider designing a psychosocial intervention geared toward this goal to incorporate activities that promotes prosocial behaviors and rekindling essential information on the unseen image of suicide.

Correlates of responding to and becoming victimized by fraud: Examining risk factors by scam type

AbstractConsumer fraud reports in North America have been increasing each year along with median fraud losses. Using survey data from 1375 American and Canadian consumers who previously reported a scam to a North American consumer complaint organization, this study examines the correlates of responding to and losing money to four categories of consumer fraud: opportunity‐based scams, threat‐based scams, consumer purchase scams, and phishing scams. Relative to opportunity‐based scams that offer the promise of rewards, consumers were less likely to respond to and report losing money when solicited by threat‐based scams and phishing scams. The odds of victimization were highest for consumer purchase scams. Risk factors, including gender, race, education, income, loneliness, financial fragility, and financial literacy, differed across scam categories, suggesting that victim profiles differ across fraud types. Some of the risk factors associated with responding to the scam solicitation (vs. ignoring it outright) were different from risk factors associated with victimization. Having advance knowledge of fraud prior to being exposed was protective across nearly all scam types. Results suggest that awareness about specific scams helps protect against financial loss. Additional research is needed on how to effectively deliver fraud awareness messages to those who are most susceptible.

Bullying in Adolescents Practising Sport: A Structural Model Approach.

This article aims to analyse the relationship between the bullying aggressor and bullying victim profile related to practising or not practising sport in adolescents living in southern Spain. The research includes male and female participants aged between 12 and 16 years in different secondary schools in the provinces of Andalusia, Ceuta and Melilla in the period between February 2022 and June 2022. The study aims to extend the existing scientific, theoretical and empirical knowledge on the influence of playing sport or not on disruptive bullying attitudes in adolescents. To this end, two initial hypotheses were designed; the first hypothesises that bullying victim behaviours are associated with future bullying aggressor behaviours when practising sport; and the second states that victim behaviours are associated with future bullying aggressor behaviours when not practising sport. To verify them, SPSS software was used for the preliminary analysis of the scale and sociodemographic profile. Additionally, the study is based on structural equation modelling methodology and variance-based methods employing SmartPLS v3.3 software. The results show the importance of sport or physical activity to reduce the chances of carrying out bullying actions on other peers and/or classmates. Therefore, it is considered necessary to prevent bullying in the classroom by implementing sports intervention programmes in educational centres.

Financial frauds' victim profiles in developing countries.

Recently, the variety of the financial frauds have increased, while the number of victims became difficult to estimate. The purpose of this paper is to present the main profiles of financial frauds’ victims using a reviewing method. The analysis captures the main theoretical and empirical background regarding the motives and circumstances of becoming a victim, the dynamics of several social and demographical characteristics of this type of victims, as well as a sample of relevant case studies from some developing countries. The main finding is that, in literature, most of the victims are male people of different ages, employed, married or single, regardless the level of education. For developing countries such as China, India and Nigeria, the majority of victims act out of naivety and desire to escape from poverty, while some victims from Latin America, China and Nigeria are influenced by greed and lack of empathy, without thinking of further consequences for their families and friends involved. Moreover, most of the victims are convinced to invest in financial schemes by family members, friends, or acquaintances.

Victimization in Young Migrants from Central Asia and Transcaucasia

The present research featured the psychological characteristics of the young people who migrated from Transcaucasia and Central Asia. These two groups proved to share such aspects as nepotism and patriarchy, but the specifics of victim behavior were different. The psychodiagnostics tools included O. O. Andronnikova’s methodology for victim behavior propensity and M. A. Odintsova’s questionnaire of role victimization. The study sample consisted of 122 teenagers from families that came to Russia from Transcaucasia (60 people) and Central Asia (62 people). All the respondents studied in schools of the KhantyMansi Autonomous Okrug (Yugra). Teenagers from Transcaucasia were more prone to aggressive, self-destructive, and selfharming behavior, while those from Central Asia were more prone to uncritical and realized type of victim behavior. Teenagers from Transcaucasia assumed the play role of a victim, while students from Central Asia assumed the social role of the victim. The victim profile of teenage migrants from Transcaucasia was characterized by a direct relationship between the propensity to realize the victim play role and active victim behavior; a direct relationship between the propensity to realize the victim play role and aggressive type of victimization the inverse relationship between social victimization role and passive type of victim behavior. Teenagers from Central Asia demonstrated the statistical significance of the relationship between the social role of the victim and the passive type of victimization. In addition, the study revealed an inverse relationship between the social role of the victim and the propensity for an active type of victim behavior.

Profiles of Intimate Partner Violence Victimization: A Systematic Review

Person-centered approaches, such as latent class analysis (LCA) and latent profile analysis (LPA), aid the identification of subgroups within sample populations. These methods can identify the patterns of co-occurrence between different forms of intimate partner violence (IPV), providing valuable information for prevention and intervention efforts. The aim of this systematic review was to yield a summary and conduct a critical evaluation of the current research that utilizes LCA/LPA to investigate IPV victimization profiles. We provide an outline of 14 relevant studies, retrieved from searches conducted on PsycInfo, Scopus, and Eric databases. There was a large amount of variability in relation to the forms of IPV assessed, measures utilized, number of classes identified, and the sample populations recruited. However, broad similarities were revealed as there were some commonly identified classes, including the no/low violence class, the physical and psychological victimization class, and the multiple victimization class, yet the labels assigned to those classes differed across studies. A range of external criteria (risk factors and consequences) were also identified as being associated with class membership. We highlight the methodological features which may have impacted data collection and class enumeration, including the differences in sample population, the range of IPV indicators assessed, the time period from which IPV data were recorded, and whether data were collected regarding participants’ current or previous relationships. Marginalized populations were underrepresented, and psychological abuse was most inconsistently operationalized. Recommendations for future research are provided, including recommendations with regard to labeling the classes for greater consistency across studies.

Different clinical and pathological profiles of sudden cardiac death victims caused by coronary artery dissection or myocardial infarction with non-obstructed coronary arteries

Abstract Background Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a potential cause of acute coronary syndrome and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Coronary fibromuscolar dysplasia (FMD) has been correlated to SCAD occurrence.The prevalence of SCAD and FMD among SCD victims are unclear. Myocardial infarction with non-obstructed coronary arteries (MINOCA) could represent a cause of SCD. Since SCAD could clinically manifest as acute myocardial infarction, expert consensus documents have often considered SCAD as a subtype of MINOCA (1,2), but studies which address direct comparison between these two conditions are lacking. Purpose To assess characteristics of decedents with SCAD and/or FMD found at autopsy, and to compare their clinical and pathological profile with MINOCA SCD victims. Methods We reviewed a database of 5325 consecutive cases of SCDs referred to our cardiac pathology center between 1994 and July 2017. Results We identified 21 (0.4%) with SCAD and 37 (0.7%) victims with MINOCA (3), whereas FMD was found only in 2 (0.04%). SCAD decedents were females in 81%, versus 38% of MINOCA (p=0.02). No signs of coronary FMD were found among SCAD and MINOCA victims. Necrotic myocardium was identified in the totality of MINOCA and only in 8 (38%) of SCAD decedents (p&amp;lt;0.001). Pre-mortem cardiac symptoms were present in 100% of SCAD and 49% of MINOCA victims (p&amp;lt;0.001); illicit drug use was reported in none of SCAD versus 46% of MINOCA decedents (p=0.001). Conclusions SCAD is a rare cause of SCD. Compared to MINOCA, SCAD victims are more frequently females, always experienced pre-mortem cardiac symptoms and have no habit of substances abuse. At autopsy coronary FMD is not present among SCAD victims. SCAD and MINOCA shows different clinical and pathological profile. SCAD should not be considered a subtype of MINOCA. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Cardiac Risk in the Young (CRY) and the Charles Wolfson Charitable Trust.

Epidemio-toxicological profile of suicide cases: analysis from a forensic unit in Brazil

The suicide phenomenon involves complex interactions between psychological, biological, cultural and socio-environmental factors. This study aimed to assess the epidemiological and toxicological profiles of officially confirmed suicide victims. A retrospective study was performed using autopsy reports, forensic anthropology examinations and police summaries of all suicide cases that underwent toxicological analysis at an Official Forensic Laboratory (Minas Gerais, Brazil) in 1 year. The sample set was composed of 351 suicide victims, predominantly men (70.32%), most of them were adults between 31 and 64 years old (62.11%), with mixed skin colour (48.89%) and low educational level (66.44%). The most common suicide method was hanging (57.79%), followed by intoxication (30.45%). Most victims presented positive toxicological results (56.41%), especially for the presence of medicines (37.6%), illicit drugs (36.3%) and pesticides (26.1%). Our study corroborated previous data that most suicide victims have low educational levels. The most common toxicological findings were medicines, especially prescription drugs, followed by illicit drugs and pesticides. We hope this study contributes to reflections and planning of preventive suicide programmes, considering the described profiles of victims.

Typology of Cybercrime Victimization in Europe: A Multilevel Latent Class Analysis

The present study reveals hidden patterns of group membership across cybercrime victims in European countries. We used a multilevel latent class analysis of data from the 2019 Eurobarometer, a regionally representative sample of 21,908 individuals from 28 countries, to identify such subgroups and patterns of cybercrime victimization. The findings suggest there are two overarching cybercrime victim profiles in Europe based on individuals’ levels of “online activity” and “cybersecurity guardianship”: the “at-risk class” (19%, higher risk) and the “cautious class” (81%, lower risk). Ten different types of cybercrime victimization were compared, and while individual-level predictors were primarily used to produce different groups of cybercrime victims, our findings suggest that researchers consider both individual- and country-level predictors to understand cybercrime victimization patterns in greater depth.

Profiles of family maltreatment and peer victimization: Associations with psychosocial adjustment in Chinese children

BackgroundAlthough the family and peer systems are both important for children's development, few studies have simultaneously considered the impact of adversity experienced in these systems on children. ObjectiveThe first purpose of this study was using latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify profiles of family maltreatment (i.e., physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect) and peer victimization (i.e., physical victimization and relational victimization) among Chinese elementary school children. The second purpose was to examine associations between the identified profiles and short-term psychosocial adjustment (i.e., self-esteem, depression symptoms, prosocial behavior, and externalizing behavior). Participants and settingThe sample included 4313 children (45.6 % girls) with an average age of 10.9 years (SD = 0.49) from a large city in China. MethodAssessments were conducted on two occasions six months apart. Family maltreatment and peer victimization were assessed at Time 1. Psychosocial adjustment was assessed at Time 2. ResultsThe potential complexity of children's adversity experiences was revealed in that six profiles of family maltreatment and peer victimization in children were identified: (a) Low-risk; (b) Slight peer victimization; (c) Severe peer victimization; (d) Serious neglect; (e) Severe maltreatment; (f) Doubly disadvantaged. Children in the low-risk profile showed the best psychosocial adjustment whereas children in the doubly disadvantaged profile showed the worst psychosocial adjustment. The findings revealed additional differences in the subsequent psychosocial adjustment of the children in the six profiles. ConclusionsThe identification of multiple profiles and differing relations to psychosocial adjustment implies that interventions should be tailored to members of specific profiles.

Influences of poly-victimization on adolescents' pre-treatment cognitive motivations and post-treatment outcomes

IntroductionSubstance use treatment outcomes are challenging to predict: myriad potentially relevant factors influence outcomes, including age, sex, motivations, and history of victimization. MethodsThe current study seeks to assess these factors in adolescents through an evaluation of the relationship between distinct victimization profiles, sex, and cognitive factors related to substance use treatment outcomes—specifically motivation, self-efficacy, and reasons for quitting—and the relationship between these factors and posttreatment outcomes. We report sex differences in the prevalence of specific types of victimization; females are more likely than males to report poly-victimization alongside higher levels of traumagenic characteristics such as fearing for your life, chronic abuse, abuse by a trusted individual, or negative reactions to disclosure. ResultsAdolescents who endorsed high levels of poly-victimization and high traumagenic characteristics reported a) higher motivation for treatment, b) more reasons for quitting substance use, c) lower self-efficacy, and d) fewer adjusted days abstinent posttreatment relative to their peers. We report several sex differences: emergent poly-victimization profiles are different for males and females, class membership has a differential proportion, and, last, associations between class membership and pre-treatment cognitive motivations and posttreatment outcomes vary by sex. ConclusionClinicians working with adolescents who report poly-victimization should aim to leverage their motivation and reasons for quitting, as these factors are traditionally associated with positive outcomes. Last, interventions aimed at fostering self-efficacy may also be particularly important to improve long-term outcomes, specifically among adolescents with a history of poly-victimization.

Profile of Road Traffic Accident Victims Admitted at Bhayangkara Pusdik Sabhara Porong Hospital

Background: Traffic accidents are a health problem in forensic medicine that often occurs in society and needs attention, mainly because it is still a major problem in implementing road transportation in Indonesia. Traffic accidents increase yearly along with the increasing number of road users and the ease of ownership of transportation facilities. In 2012, the death toll from traffic accidents in Indonesia was 29,544, with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 14.95%. In 2013, the victims died from traffic accidents, namely 26,416 people, with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 15.98%. In 2014 the victims died due to traffic accidents, namely 28,297 people with a case fatality rate (CFR), traffic accidents of 17.16%. In 2015 the victim died due to traffic accidents, namely 26,185 people with a case fatality rate (CFR) traffic accident of 15.37%. Objective: To describe profile of road traffic accident victims admitted at Bhayangkara Pusdik Sabhara Porong Hospital in 2021-2022. Methods: This research is a retrospective descriptive study. The research sample used was medical record data of traffic accident patients examined at Bhayangkara Pusdik Sabhara Porong Hospital in 2021-2022. Result: The incidence of traffic accidents at Bhayangkara Pusdik Sabhara Porong Hospital can be described as follows; 71.4% are male. Thirteen people (37.1%) are aged 15-29 and based on where the most occurrences on the Surabaya-Malang highway, there are ten people (28.6%), and then based on the time of the incident where the most happened at 12.00 – 18.00, namely 12 people (34.2%), based on the position of the victim where the most were as motorists. Motorcycles have as many as 26 people (74.3%), and based on the type of injury where the most were abrasions is 24 people (40%). Conclusion: The description of the incidence of traffic accidents at the Bhayangkara Pusdik Sabhara Porong Hospital in 2021-2022 is mainly experienced by men of productive age. It occurred on the Surabaya-Malang highway, which has a heavy traffic flow; the time of the incident was during working hours, position the victim was a motorcyclist, and the most common types of injuries were blunt force trauma.

An approximation to the identification of contexts, experiences, and profiles of victims of drug-facilitated sexual assaults

This study advances on overcoming a bias limiting the forensic cases studies of drug-facilitated sexual assaults: a narrow study focus, restricted to assaults affecting young women in leisure contexts related to nightlife, party culture, and dating. A new working framework is applied to analyse data from cases received in the National Institute of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences (Madrid, Spain) over the six years between 2012 and 2017. The work throws light on non-previously described contexts, experiences, and profiles of victims, including domestic cohabitation, labour, education, healthcare, women trafficking, and the daily life of people with intellectual disabilities.