Victims Of Violence Research Articles

Adverse childhood experiences and subsequent experiences of intimate partner violence in adulthood: a gender perspective.

Investigate the prevalence of adverse childhood experience (ACE) and intimate partner violence (IPV) using a large representative Chinese sample, explore the association mechanism between ACE and adult exposure to IPV and to examine gender differences. A total of 21,154 participants were included in this study. The ACE scale was used to assess participants' exposure to ACE before the age of 18. Participants were evaluated for IPV experienced after the age of 18 using the IPV Scale. Logistic regression model was used to analyse the association between ACE and the risk of IPV exposure in adulthood. Principal component analysis was used to extract the main patterns of ACEs in the Chinese population. Network analyses were employed to identify the most critical types of ACE and IPV, analyse the association mechanisms between ACEs and IPVs, explore gender differences in this association and compare gender differences in the severity of IPVs experienced in adulthood. Participants with at least one ACE event faced a 215.5% higher risk of IPV compared to those without ACE experiences. In population-wide and gender-specific networks, The ACE and IPV nodes with the highest expected influence are 'ACE1 (Verbal abuse + physical abuse pattern)' and 'IPV5 (Partner compares me to other people and blatantly accuses me, making me feel embarrassed and unsure of myself)'. Positive correlations were found between 'ACE1 (Verbal abuse + physical abuse pattern)'-'IPV3 (Partner does not care about me when I am in bad shape [not feeling well or in a bad mood])', 'ACE4 (Violent treatment of mother or stepmother + criminal acts in the family pattern)'-'IPV1 (Partner has ever directly assaulted or hurt me with the help of an instrument)' and 'ACE2 (Exposure to sexual assault pattern)'-'IPV2 (Partner would have physical or sexual contact with me against my will)', which were the three edges with the highest edge weight values in the ACE pattern and IPV edges. 'ACE1 (Verbal abuse + physical abuse pattern)'-'IPV3 (Partner does not care about me when I am in bad shape [not feeling well or in a bad mood])', 'ACE2 (Exposure to sexual assault pattern)'-'IPV2 (Partner would have physical or sexual contact with me against my will)', 'ACE4 (Violent treatment of mother or stepmother + criminal acts in the family pattern)'-'IPV1 (Partner has ever directly assaulted or hurt me with the help of an instrument)' in the male network and 'ACE1 (Verbal abuse + physical abuse pattern)'-'IPV3 (Partner does not care about me when I am in bad shape [not feeling well or in a bad mood])', 'ACE4 (Violent treatment of mother or stepmother + criminal acts in the family pattern)'-'IPV1 (Partner has ever directly assaulted or hurt me with the help of an instrument)', 'ACE3 (Substance abuse + mental illness + violent treatment of mother or stepmother pattern)'-'IPV1 (Partner has ever directly assaulted or hurt me with the help of an instrument)' in the female network are the three edges with the highest edge weights among the ACE and IPV edges in their networks, respectively, all displaying positive correlations. The strength of 'IPV3 (Partner does not care about me when I am in bad shape [not feeling well or in a bad mood])' was higher in the male network than in the female (male = 0.821, female = 0.755, p = 0.002). The edge weight values of 'ACE3 (Substance abuse + mental illness + violent treatment of mother or stepmother pattern)'-'IPV1 (Partner has ever directly assaulted or hurt me with the help of an instrument)' (P = 0.043) and 'ACE4 (Violent treatment of mother or stepmother + criminal acts in the family pattern)'-'IPV1 (Partner has ever directly assaulted or hurt me with the help of an instrument)' (P = 0.032) are greater for females than males. The most common type of ACE in the Chinese population is verbal violence combined with physical violence, while the predominant type of IPV is verbal violence. Males experience higher levels of emotional neglect from their partners compared to females. The association between witnessing physical violence in childhood and experiencing physical violence from a partner in adulthood is stronger in females than in males. The homotypic continuum between ACE and IPV is a crucial mechanism in understanding intergenerational domestic violence. Enhance economic and educational levels, promote correct parenting concepts, reduce child abuse, establish accurate perceptions of intimate relationships, eliminate shame about violence and further advance gender equality. These efforts are vital for reducing IPV prevalence and breaking the cycle of violence in victims' lives.

How Do Third Parties Respond to Intimate Partner Violence? The Role of the Victim's Justification of Violence.

Previous research shows that victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) often justify violence, which can play a role in the persistence of violence. The present studies examined whether the victim's justification of violence negatively affects third parties' evaluative responses toward the victim (general evaluation of the victim, victim blaming, and evaluation of the victim's response toward the violence) and negatively affects third parties' willingness to support and take action. We also examined whether this would occur especially when the violence had happened frequently in the past. In two experimental studies (one in the Netherlands, Study 1, N = 220; one in Indonesia, Study 2, N = 231), participants watched a video depicting IPV. After watching the video, we manipulated the victim's justification of violence (high vs. low justification of violence) as well as the frequency of violence experienced by the victim in the past (high vs. low past frequency). Consistent across the two studies, the results showed that when they justified violence (as compared to when they did not justify violence), victims were evaluated more negatively. There were no effects on victim blaming, willingness to support, and willingness to take action. We also found the effects of past frequency of violence on victim evaluation and willingness to take action. We discuss how the current findings extend previous research on the consequences of justification of violence as well as on third-party responses toward victims.

Parental Support in Psychological Rehabilitation of Child Victims of Sexual Violence: A Qualitative Study

Background: Sexual violence was the most common, Data from the Regional Technical Services Unit for the Protection of Women and Children (UPTD PPA) of Jember Regency showed that there were 75 cases of sexual violence against children in 2022 and 73 cases of sexual violence against children in 2023. This research aimed to analyse aspects of parental social support in the psychological rehabilitation of child victims of sexual violence in the Jember Regency. Methods: This research was qualitative research with a case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 3 main informants, which are parents of child victims of sexual violence with the age criteria of 7-18 years, 2 additional informants, which are family members or closest people from the victim's parents and 1 key informant, which the Regional Technical Services Unit for the Protection of Women and Children (UPTD PPA) of Jember Regency. Informants of this research are based on the willingness of informants to be interviewed in accordance with an ethical review of the confidentiality of informant information. Results: The results showed that parents had provided emotional support to child victims of sexual violence by reporting to the police; providing affection, instrumental support by fulfilling daily needs, informative support by giving advice to children, and providing appreciation support by accepting the child's condition, providing support to children to undergo rehabilitation so as not to experience prolonged trauma. Conclusion: Providing aspects of parental social support has been given to their children who are victims of sexual violence.

Predicting PTSD and complex PTSD from interpersonal violence in Japanese school-based extracurricular sports activities: using the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ)

IntroductionVictims of interpersonal violence in sports show various mental health concerns. However, no studies have quantitatively examined their primary complaints, considering psychological symptoms such as denial of self-concept and interpersonal challenges not captured by conventional post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recently, an association between interpersonal violence victimization and complex PTSD (CPTSD) has been noted in Japanese sports coaching situations, specifically for extracurricular sports activities. This study aimed to examine the applicability of the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) and determine whether interpersonal violence victimization and related risk factors predicted PTSD and CPTSD in extracurricular sports activities in Japan.MethodsThis study included 651 adults aged 18–25 who had previously participated in extracurricular sports activities in junior high and high school. The ITQ was examined using confirmatory factor analysis with maximum likelihood with robust standard errors, fit indices comparisons, a graded response model, differential item functioning, and rank correlation designs. A binomial logistic regression model with robust standard errors examined the association of PTSD and CPTSD with interpersonal violence victimization and related risk factors.ResultsThe optimal factor structure, measurement precision, and validity of the ITQ were confirmed. Physical and psychological violence victimization and the ITQ were positively correlated with PTSD, difficulties in emotion regulation, self-disgust, and interpersonal problems subscales, respectively. A high frequency of psychological and physical violence victimization experiences and self-identified LGB (lesbian, gay, or bisexual) were associated with PTSD and CPTSD diagnosability. Additionally, being a woman and in school life away from parents were associated solely with PTSD diagnosability.DiscussionThis is the first quantitative study to examine CPTSD in a study on interpersonal violence in sports. Our findings can provide insights into desirable victim support and enhanced clinical care in interpersonal violence in a sports context.

“They’re Not From Here”: Homelessness as a Contestation of Community Identity for Mid-Size Cities

Homelessness is growing across the global North, and so too is its visibility. Communities are struggling to respond to homelessness and anti-homeless sentiment from some housed people. While much of the scholarly attention focuses on major urban centres, mid-size communities are also grappling with visible homelessness, in some cases for the first time, with less knowledge and fewer resources to manage homelessness than their big city counterparts. In this article, we study a mid-size city in western Canada to examine how perspectives concerning homelessness, crime, and public safety among diverse groups converge and diverge to understand the root cause of the contention around homelessness. Our analysis uncovers how participants’ perspectives about homelessness in their community are intimately tied to claims of a lost small-town identity. These perspectives, we argue, have negative effects on people who are homeless, both personally as victims of violence and criminalization, and socially in the policies and practices to address homelessness. Using Wacquant’s concept of territorial stigmatization, this article reveals how efforts to exclude people who are homeless from the collective community conscience can have the opposite effect, creating the kind of ‘spatial taint’ across the whole city that these revanchist policies and discourses seek to deflect.

Gender Issues: a Critical Discourse on Articles in Online Media Magdalene. Co

This study aims to determine how the discourse formation of articles on the issue of violence against women in the online media Magdalene.co which appeared from June to December 2021. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods, the research subject is the author of articles on violence against women in Magdalene.co media and the object of research is articles on violence against women. The data collection techniques used in the research are documentation and interviews with parties related to the research theme. The data analysis method uses the Van Dijk model which consists of three dimensions, namely Text, Social Congnition, and Social Context. The data validity test uses triangulation techniques. The results of the research at the text level show that the discourse in the article on violence against women in the online media Magdalene.co. in the content of the article emphasizes the condition of women as victims of violence and some sentences show how the perpetrators of violence behave. Judging from the level of social congnition, Magdalene.co journalists in their articles emphasize the condition of women as victims of violence. Judging from the level of social context, information about women's harassment will always be a taboo issue for society. This issue will continue to be discussed in the community considering the number of victims of violence against women is quite large, so this will continue to be an issue that will be published in the mass media.

The moderation effect of mental health services use on the relationship between exposures to adverse childhood experiences and mental health outcomes among US adolescents.

The prevailing exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) among youth is associated with adolescents' mental health. However, few studies have examined whether receiving help from mental health services affects mental health outcomes among adolescents with ACEs. Therefore, this study examines the moderated effects of mental health services use on the relationship between exposures to ACEs and mental health outcomes among US adolescents. The sample was restricted to adolescents aged 11-17 using data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) from 2019, 2021, and 2022. Multivariate logistic regressions and descriptive analyses were performed to estimate the moderation effect of mental health services use. Using mental health services buffered the associations between ACEs and severe anxiety and depressive symptoms. Receiving counseling/therapy moderated the impact of ever living with an individual who had severe anxiety (Adjusted Odds Ratio, AOR: 0.58, p < .05) and depressive symptoms (AOR: 0.38, p < .01) among adolescents. Furthermore, counseling/therapy moderated the effect of ever living with an individual with a history of alcohol or drug abuse on severe depressive symptoms (AOR: 0.49, p < .05) and the effect of being a victim or witness of violence on severe anxiety symptoms (AOR: 0.45, p < .01). In addition, taking prescription medication moderated the effect of the experience of incarcerated family members on severe anxiety symptoms (AOR: 0.41, p < .05). Our findings suggest that policy and practice need to encourage access to mental health care for vulnerable adolescents with ACEs to reduce the detrimental effect of their experiences on their mental health problems.

Studi Fenomebilogis: Makna Hidup pada Wanita yang Mengalami Perceraian Akibat KDRT

Post Traumatic growth is a positive change understand experienced by someone after experiencing any traumatic event. This study aims to recognaize how the description of post traumatic growth in women victims of domestic violence. The approach in this study uses a qualitative approach with Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) analysis. The data collection techniques used in this study were in-depth interviews. Participants were two female victims of domestic violence and two Significant others (people closest to the participants). The results showed that there are two main themes, the first theme is domestic violence which contains the experience of violence and household dynamics, the impact of domestic violence, and the dynamics of divorce. The second theme is Post Traumatic growth which contains personal growth and meaning of life, support from the closest people, restoration of relationships with children and family, spirituality, involvement with the social environment, self-development, and obstacles in recovery. Researchers also found distinctive themes in participants, namely post-divorce economic independence and new relationships and hopes. This research is expected to be a reference for women victims of domestic violence to understand the potential for positive growth that can be achieved after facing traumatic events and provide inspiration for their self-recovery process.

PERAN BIDAN DALAM MENGHADAPI KEKERASAN TERHADAP PEREMPUAN: LITERATURE REVIEW

Violence against women is a complex health problem that can affect their lives and even those around them. Cases of violence against women have an impact on physical, psychological/mental, reproductive, and economic health and even have an effect on the health of children who are cared for by the mothers of victims of violence. The prevalence of violence against women in Indonesia in the Simfoni PPA data reported and recorded during 2020-2023 increased by 2,774 cases. Violence against women requires the active role of professional health workers, especially midwives, in conducting screening, approach and support, following up on collaborations/referrals, In addition, midwives must also develop themselves through special learning or training so that they are able to provide education to increase awareness. This study aimed to explore the management of midwifery implementation regarding violence against women. The method used in this literature review study is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist. Searches were conducted from PubMed, Science Direct, and Sage Journals to identify articles published between January 1, 2020, and May 1, 2024 with the keywords “violence against women, intimate partner violence, midwifery care of violence, health care of violence”. The results of the review from 703 journals obtained 9 relevant journals regarding the management of midwifery implementation including early detection through routine screening, training and education for midwives, collaboration/referral with various other sectors, empowering women, documentation, and evaluation.

Penggambaran Laki-Laki Sebagai Korban Kekerasan Seksual dalam Pemberitaan di Media Online

This research aims to see how men as victims of sexual violence are portrayed in the news. The depiction of men as victims of sexual violence is seen using the Theo Van Leeuwen model of critical discourse analysis and a gender perspective. This research uses a descriptive type qualitative approach with documentation data collection methods. The results of the research show that in the reporting carried out by the five online media with the highest percentage level of public trust, there were only 22 stories that discussed men as victims of sexual violence during the period January – December 2023. The process of depicting men as victims of sexual violence was also not found exclusion. In this research, discourse was found based on cases of sexual violence, which were categorized based on strategies in the inclusion process that depicted men as victims of sexual violence. The depiction of men as victims of sexual violence is based on the strategies found, there is an imbalance between the position of the perpetrator and men as victims of sexual violence in the reporting carried out by the five media. The media depicts revictimization or victimization over and over again.

EFFORTS OF THE WOMEN AND CHILDREN PROTECTION UNIT (PPA) IN RECOVERING PSYCHOLOGICAL AND DEEP TRAUMA IMPACTS ON VICTIMS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE AT THE LOMBOK TIMUR POLICE STATION

The Women and Children Protection Unit is one of the institutions responsible for upholding the law. The PPA Unit is required to participate in supporting the realization of protection and overcoming criminal acts of violence against children, therefore the government has passed Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection and Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence, so that the Women and Children Protection Unit of the East Lombok Resort Police is required to be able to assist in the process of resolving and dealing with criminal acts of violence against women and children. The aim of this research is to analyze and understand the optimization of the services of the Women and Children Protection Unit (PPA) in recovering from the psychological impacts and deep trauma of victims of sexual violence at the East Lombok Police and to analyze and understand the obstacles to the Women and Children Protection Unit (PPA) of the East Lombok Police in Providing Recovery Services for the Psychological Impact and Deep Trauma of Sexual Violence Victims. The research method used in this research is Empirical Law. The results of this research are that the number of women who experience sexual violence is still very high. The state in its constitution is responsible for the protection, promotion, enforcement and fulfillment of the human rights of every individual as explained in Article 28I of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The state's protection for victims of sexual violence can also be seen from the formation and ratification of the Law. Number 12 of 2022 concerning Crime of Sexual Violence. In handling cases of sexual violence, a Women and Children Protection Unit was formed, this unit is specialized in handling victims, witnesses or suspects involving women and children who require special handling. The efforts that have been made by this unit to deal with cases of violence experienced by women and children are non-penal and penal efforts. The PPA Unit's optimization of victim recovery can also be seen in the case handling process as well as collaboration with community institutions and psychologists. Obstacles to victims' recovery are quite frequent and pervasive in society

중학생의 현실세계 학교폭력 피해 유형과 사이버폭력 피해 유형 간 전이 양상 및 심리적 특성

The purpose of this study is to analyze the cause and effect transition relationship between middle school students' experiences in school violence and cyber violence, and to identify differences in psychological characteristics by type of cyber violence victims. To this end, latent transition analysis was conducted with middle school students' data collected in 2018 from a survey on the status of children and youth human rights. According to the analysis, the types of school violence victims and cyber violence victims were classified into four groups each. Forty percent of students in groups experiencing different types of school violence at high-level experience similarly violence in cyberspace. Students who have experienced sexual harassment-oriented damage in cyberspace have the highest levels of drop-out impulse, suicide impulse, depression and anxiety, and the lowest level of self-esteem and satisfaction in life. Based on these findings, implications were derived and discussed.

Disclosure and Help Seeking Related to Intimate Partner Violence Victimization, Perpetration, and Bidirectional Abuse in a National Sample of Sexual Minority Men.

About one-third of sexual minority men (SMM) report intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization, and one-fourth report IPV perpetration, in their lifetime. IPV disclosure and help seeking are key processes of coping with or managing exposure to abuse. We surveyed 500 SMM residing across the United States who enrolled in project EROS (Empowering Relationships and Opportunities for Safety). In all, 201 participants reported any type of IPV in the past 6 months (including 109 who reported both victimization and perpetration); these men were then categorized as experiencing balanced bidirectional (n = 53), predominantly victimization (n = 113), and predominantly perpetration (n = 35) IPV. In each of these groups, close to one-third (25.7%-34.5%) had disclosed their IPV experience and one-fifth (13.2%-20.0%) had sought help; however, within the perpetration group, none of the 16 participants who only reported perpetration (the other 19 reported some victimization) disclosed their IPV. Group sizes allowed us to examine correlates of IPV disclosure and help seeking among the bidirectional and victimization groups, from among demographic, psychosocial, relational, and IPV characteristics, using bivariate statistics and multiple logistic regression. Greater IPV victimization was positively correlated with disclosure in both groups, and it was the lone independent correlate in multiple regression analysis (in the victimization group). Greater IPV victimization was also a strong positive and independent correlate of help seeking in multiple regression analysis within the victimization group, as was greater partner assertiveness in conflict resolution. There were no independent correlates of disclosure and help seeking within the bidirectional group. These findings highlight the need for efforts to empower SMM to seek support and services when exposed to IPV, and to do so early in the occurrence of IPV.

인구학적 특성과 관계수준 및 생활양식이 성폭력 피해자 비난에 미치는 영향

In this study, a quantitative study of 363 adults and a qualitative case study of 17 adults were conducted to explore the impact of demographic characteristics, relationship level, and lifestyle on blaming victims of sexual violence. Quantitative research results showed that gender differences in victim blaming were not significant. And it was found that the older the participant, the stranger the perpetrator was, and the more open the victim's lifestyle, the more they blamed the victim. As a result of the qualitative case study, the reasons for victim-blaming were summarized as ‘the illusion that the offender can be recognized at a glance’, ‘alcohol is guilty-the offender is innocent’, ‘the crime of not saying no’, ‘a man’s sexual impulse is entirely the woman’s fault’, ‘prevention is self’, ‘the illusion that men's sexual impulses are always right', 'open lifestyle is a sign of wanting to be raped', and 'retribution'. They converged into sexism based on gender role stereotypes. In the discussion, suggestions were made on effective prevention strategies for secondary victimization and directions for follow-up research.

The Existence of Sexual Violence Crime in Indonesia

This study aims to determine the existence of the sanctions of the sexual violence crime act called (TPKS) in various ways to provide preventive and repressive legal protection for victims of sexual violence. They are compiled using the normative method, which includes the study of laws and regulations, legal theories, opinions of experts, and other legal materials. Sexual harassment is an act that has a severe impact on victims, and the existence of the TPKS Law Number 12 of 2022 in Indonesia was formed as a legal umbrella effort and as an effort to renew punitive sanctions to follow up firmly on perpetrators of sexual harassment. The Criminal Code that has been amended and regulated in the Criminal Code Number 1 of 2023, which is explained in Chapter XV concerning criminal acts of decency, mainly regulated in articles 414 to 423 of the Criminal Code, has also not been able to provide complete legal protection for victims of sexual harassment. The Criminal Code also does not mention explicitly or explicitly the problem of sexual abuse. The result of this research is to provide explanation and legal protection for victims who are mentally disturbed due to the impact of sexual harassment and can provide punishment for perpetrators regardless of their status to create a deterrent effect for the perpetrators.

O PAPEL DA ENFERMAGEM NO ENFRENTAMENTO A VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA A MULHER NEGRA: E COMO ENFERMAGEM PODEM AGIR NESSE ENFOQUE

This article aims to address a subject of extreme relevance in the current context, in this way we will present how violence against black women in Brazil can increase and how nursing can contribute to combating violence, and how health units health can act to provide better care for victims of violence. This was used to research articles, bibliographical books, and Internet sites. It was found that discrimination against women still occurs in Brazilian society, demonstrated by the high rates of violence, and that black women are the ones who suffer the most violence in Brazil. The general objective: To understand and analyze Violence against black women, with the specific objective: to carry out research on the role of nursing in combating violence and how health units can act in this regard.

Breaking the Silence: A Preliminary Study on the Experiences of Chinese Men as Victims of Intimate Partner Violence and Masculinity.

Understanding the experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) is a critical first step in developing effective responses. However, the majority of research has focused on male perpetration against women, with male victimization being relatively marginalized. This study aims to explore the experiences of men with IPV in the context of Chinese society, where adherence to masculinity and the societal pursuit of face and harmony contribute to tolerance of IPV and hinder the understanding of male victim experiences. This study analyzes the IPV experiences shared by 57 men on public internet forums and invited 11 of them to participate in semi-structured interviews through private messages. Finally, thematic analysis was employed to qualitatively analyze the collected textual data. This study revealed seven key themes in the narratives of men. This study has significant implications for future research on IPV in China, as well as for policy formulation and service provision.

Guarantee of rights for victims in the family context within the competencies of Family Commissariats. Law 2126 of 2021

Families are the central nucleus of society; however, they face internal challenges that affect their functioning and stability, often manifesting in incidents of domestic and gender-based violence. The World Health Organization has classified this violence as a severe public health problem and a violation of human rights. To address this issue, the Congress of the Republic of Colombia enacted Law 2126 of 2021, introducing significant changes to the responsibilities of authorities in preventing, restoring, protecting, and repairing the rights of victims. This law provided a three-year implementation period for territorial entities, which concluded on 4 August 2023. In 2023, 119,483 cases were reported, and by June 2024, the number had reached 63,528—the highest recorded to date. This situation continued to escalate uncontrollably throughout 2024, overwhelming functional capacity and resulting in a crisis. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the guarantee of rights for victims of violence in the family context, within the competencies of Family Commissariats, as outlined in Law 2126 of 2021. The methodology focuses on analyzing academic and scientific databases, including studies and articles published in indexed journals, to evaluate government measures and describe the challenges in service provision by Family Commissariats to propose conclusions. The approach is qualitative, with a hermeneutic, documentary, legal-dogmatic orientation and anthropological contributions. The results reveal that the law’s implementation has been gradual, surpassing the established deadline. Administrative, political, and financial factors identified over the three years remain unresolved in 2024. The situation for victims of physical, psychological, economic, and sexual violence within the family context has worsened due to multicausal obstacles to accessing justice in a timely, efficient, and effective manner. Consequently, there is evidence of an exponential increase in violence, underreporting, impunity, setbacks, procedural delays, normalization of violence, and re-victimization, among other issues.

Evaluation of Abortion Measures in Government Regulation No. 28 of 2024 on The Right to Life of the Fetus From a Human Rights Perspective

Indonesia has legalized abortion under certain conditions, such as pregnancy resulting from rape, through Government Regulation No. 28/2004. This policy has sparked heated debate because it contradicts the principle of protecting the right to life of the fetus. This study aims to provide a complex overview of the issue of abortion in Indonesia and its implications for human rights. The method used is normative legal research. This research is conducted by examining library materials or secondary data. The two approaches used are a statutory approach related to the legal issue of abortion and a conceptual approach to examine the medical legal understanding of abortion due to rape. Cases of sexual violence and rape in Indonesia are still high. In 2023, Komnas Perempuan recorded 2,078 cases of sexual violence, of which 143 were rapes. Abortion, in this context, is often used as a solution to address unwanted pregnancies. This research shows that while Government Regulation No. 28 of 2024 provides legitimacy to abortion, it is still contrary to the right to life of the fetus guaranteed by law. While abortion is considered a violation of the right to life, this policy is also considered a protection for women victims of sexual violence. Despite arguments to protect women's rights, the right to life of the fetus as a non-derogable right should not be ignored. Therefore, there needs to be a review of this regulation to ensure that all human rights, including the right to life of the fetus, are optimally protected.

Teen Unions and Intimate Partner Violence in South America

AbstractPrecocious exits from adolescence via early union formation are often argued to represent a strong risk factor for intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization. However, causal evidence for this claim is scant. This study examines the impact of teen union formation (before age 18) on experiences of IPV in Brazil and Colombia, where early family transitions are common and levels of interpersonal violence are high. Using data that allow instrumenting for teen union formation with age at menarche, results show that both Brazilian and Colombian women who start a co‐residential union before age 18 have a higher probability of experiencing psychological violence from partners. Early cohabitation is also linked to greater risk of past‐year sexual abuse among Black/Brown Brazilian women, and lifetime sexual IPV in Colombia, including among women who partnered once. Among testable potential pathways, age‐heterogamy (male partner being older) explains part of the results, but lower educational attainment among early cohabiting women emerges as a key driver in both countries. Education remains a powerful policy tool to confront both forms of gender‐based violence in South America.