Physical Aggression Victimization Research Articles

Is Violence Victimization Associated with the Consumption of Ultra-Processed Food? A Population-Based Study with 96 K Adolescent Students Exploring the Mediating Role of Psychoactive Substance Use

AbstractThis study analyzed the association between different types of violence victimization and ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and explored the mediating role of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use on these associations. Cross-sectional study with Brazilian students aged 13–17. Participants reported their UPF consumption, bullying and physical aggression victimization, and use of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs in the last month. Generalized linear regression models and mediation analyses were adjusted for the main confounders. A total of 96,396 adolescent students (52.2% female) were analyzed. In adjusted analyses, the number of UPF consumed was higher in those experiencing bullying victimization (β = 0.18; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.09, 0.27), aggression from parents or guardians (β = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.38) and aggression from others (β = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.49). The adjusted mediation models showed that these associations were partially mediated by alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use. Among adolescents, exposure to violence victimization might potentially drive a rise in the consumption of UPF. Such associations are partially influenced by an increased use of psychoactive substances.

Self locking zip ties temporary displaced mandibular fracture reduction

The article addresses mandibular fractures, which are common today, often resulting from traffic accidents, violence and falls. Surgical management is crucial to avoid future complications. The work describes a specific case in which Nylon tape (clip) was used to reduce a mandibular fracture in a male patient who was a victim of physical aggression. The patient, a homeless individual involved with narcotic substances, was treated by neurosurgery and trauma surgery teams. The fracture was initially reduced with nylon tape during primary care. The patient was subsequently transferred to the oral and maxillofacial surgery (BMF) team for definitive treatment. The treatment involved several steps, including nasotracheal intubation, antisepsis, local anesthesia, submandibular surgical access, removal of nylon tape, tooth extraction, cleaning of the fracture, manual reduction, plate fixation and occlusion review. The patient received conventional clinical support and was released on the second postoperative day for outpatient follow-up. The choice of fixation with replaced load of the 2.4 mm system (load bearing) stands out due to the need for high rigidity in contaminated fractures. The extraction of teeth 43 and 44 was carried out to avoid risks of contamination. The article concludes by highlighting the effectiveness and accessibility of using nylon tape for the temporary stabilization of mandibular fractures, providing local pain relief and reducing the distress associated with bone movement.

Physical violence in children and adolescents

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of physical violence and head and neck injuries among children and adolescents who suffered physical aggression, firearm aggression, and white gun aggression referred to the Legal Medical Department in a southern city in Brazil. Methods: This study was performed at Legal Medical Department in the city of Pelotas, RS, Brazil, from January 2011 to December of 2015. Data were collected from medical reports of children and adolescents (0-19 years old). Demographic information such as sex, age, and skin color was collected. Data were submitted to Chi-square test and multivariate Poisson regression analysis. Results: In this study, 2,716 physical examination reports were analyzed, with a total of 2,171 exams resulting from violence; lesions that had physical aggression as their etiology (1,951) had a higher prevalence. The analysis of the exams revealed that the majority were adolescents (90,05%), white (84.09%), and female (50.21%). The head and neck regions were affected in most cases of violence (57.90%). In the adjusted model, the occurrence of injuries in the head and neck region was higher in males (PR 1.16, CI 95% 1.08 - 1.25), among adolescents (PR 1.28, CI 95% 1.10 - 1.48) and in victims of physical aggression compared to victims of the firearm (2.81, CI 95% 1.79 - 4.40). Conclusion: The results revealed a high prevalence of head and face injuries in victims of violence and that there was a greater prevalence of physical violence among adolescents compared to children and males.

Two Decades of Recurrent Granuloma, Due to Foreign Body in the Scalp, Mimicking Bone Tumor.

In this short communication, we report a case of a male victim of physical aggression, leaving stone pieces on his scalp. Undiscovered, the patient entered two decades of worthless, unsuccessful, and hopeless management tools; until a serious radiological investigation and more radical management were performed. Since then the patient has recovered totally and that put an end to a worrisome period in his life.

Peer correlates of conduct problems in girls.

Conduct problems are increasingly prevalent in girls and they uniquely predict negative outcomes. Yet, few reliable risk factors for aggression and violence in girls and women have been identified. Although preliminary evidence suggests peer relationships may be central to the development of youth conduct problems, especially in girls, rigorous interactive models of peer risk and protective factors for conduct problems are lacking. Based on 3104 10-13-year-old girls in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study, we tested the independent associations of separate peer risk factors (i.e., relational aggression victimization, physical aggression victimization, and deviant peer affiliation) with multidimensional conduct problems, including their moderation by peer support. Being the victim of relational aggression, being the victim of physical aggression, and deviant peer affiliation were each positively associated with conduct problems and perpetration of aggression whereas peer support was negatively associated with youth report conduct problems and perpetration of physical aggression. Further, elevated peer support significantly attenuated the association of being the victim of relational aggression with teacher-rated conduct problems. These results highlight the sensitivity of conduct problems to peer risk factors and suggest that peer support designates important configurations of risk that differentially relate to conduct problems in girls.

Workplace violence among healthcare workers, a multicenter study in Italy

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence and determinants of workplace violence and the sociodemographic risk factors associated. Study designThis was a multicenter cross-sectional study. MethodsThe study was performed using self-compiled Italian version of the World Health Organization's questionnaire on workplace violence online by filling in a Google form. The survey was opened from May 2018 to March 2020 and lasted 5–10 min. ResultsThe sample consists of 3659 healthcare workers, of which 2525 (69%) are females, 1446 (39.5%) are nurses, and 2029 (55.5%) are health workers from northern Italy. The most frequent age group of the sample is 50–54 years (16.7%). A total of 366 (10%) healthcare workers are victims of physical aggression at work in the last 12 months, of which 6.3% with a weapon. The risk of being a victim of physical aggression at work in the last 12 months is significantly associated with the following independent variables: male gender (odds ratio [OR] 1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36–2.17), work in southern Italy (OR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.10–2.28), and being a nurse (OR 2.56, 95% CI: 2.01–3.25). The risk of being a victim of physical aggression at work with a weapon in the last 12 months is significantly associated with work in southern Italy (OR 9.33, 95% CI: 3.83–22.73). A total of 1723 (47.1%) of healthcare workers declare to be a victim of verbal aggression at work in the last 12 months. The risk of being a victim of verbal aggression at work in the last 12 months is significantly associated with the following independent variables: work in northern Italy (adjusted OR [aOR] 1.54, 95% CI: 1.32–1.81), work in southern Italy (aOR 3.68, 95% CI: 2.90–4.68), and be more than 55 years old (aOR 0.73, 95% CI: 0.63–0.85). ConclusionsThe study underlines that the problem of verbal and physical aggression against healthcare workers is still central and is a further starting point for research. The prevalence of violence is difficult to assess because violent incidents are underreported or unreported. The results of the study suggest that increased awareness is needed to develop effective control strategies at the individual, hospital, and national levels to prevent aggression and improve the conditions of victims.

Individual and Environmental Characteristics of Residential Workers Using Restraint and Seclusion in Youth Treatment Centers

ABSTRACT The use of restraint and seclusion (R&S) in residential youth treatment centers has been a controversial topic over the past years. This study explored the differences between R&S super users and normal users for residential workers in terms of individual and environmental characteristics over eight weeks. One hundred ninety-eight residential workers completed the questionnaires, and Bayesian independent samples t-tests were conducted to verify the differences between the two groups. The results showed very strong evidence that super users have a greater fear of violence (B10 = 65.57), indeed strong evidence that they perceive more verbal aggression (B10 = 18.264), very strong evidence that they witness more aggression against themselves (B10 = 87.35), and extremely strong evidence that they perceive themselves to be more often victims of physical aggression (B10 = 398.55) than normal users. Moderate evidence also revealed that super users experienced a higher level of traumatic stress and perceived a better work climate than normal user (B10 = 3.751 and B10 = 5.116). Perceived stress, chronic fatigue, acute fatigue, recovery, self-efficacy, compassion fatigue, burnout, and social climate order, and organization (work team’s orientation and sense of cohesion) were not statistically associated with R&S (B10 = 0.166 to 0.415).

Determinantes sociais do uso de álcool na infância e adolescência em territórios rurais

Abstract This paper analyzes the social determinants of alcohol use in childhood and adolescence in rural areas. This qualitative study was carried out in a small municipality of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, with professionals from the psychosocial and intersectoral care network. Data were collected using the Empowerment Evaluation and analyzed by thematic analysis. The social determinants found show that alcohol use is a cultural aspect of the Pomeranian families and the religious rituals that mark the passage from youth to adulthood. In work-related aspects, alcohol use is a form of leisure in face of the responsibilities the youth assume in farming. Gender and violent situations also influence this factor: boys are encouraged to try alcohol, while girls are the biggest victims of physical aggression. Risk behaviors are observed in traffic accidents involving children and adolescents under alcohol the influence of alcohol. The social determinants broaden the scope of the topic, moving away from an exclusive conception of chemical and biological dependence to encompass multiple factors such as territories, cultures, work, and society.

Effects of harassment on psychological inflexibility/experiential avoidance among Taiwanese emergent adult gay and bisexual men

Gay and bisexual men are at a higher risk of mental and physical health problems than heterosexual men, reporting higher frequencies of harassment and discrimination in both housing and employment domains. Psychological inflexibility/experiential avoidance (PI/EA) refers to behaviors that are rigidly guided by psychological reactions rather than direct contingencies or personal values; PI/EA referring to a key psychopathology behavior related to greater mental illness. The objective of the study was to examine the association of various types of harassment with PI/EA and the effects of multiple types and site harassment on PI/EA among Taiwanese emergent adult gay and bisexual men. A total of 305 gay and bisexual men aged between 20 and 25 years were recruited into this study. The level of PI/EA and types of harassment were evaluated and further analysis the effect of harassment on PI/EA. Findings indicated that various types of harassment exerted significant effects on PI/EA in emergent adult gay and bisexual men; furthermore, the effect was cumulative. The result also revealed that victims of verbal ridicule and relational exclusion, victims of physical aggression and theft of belongings, and victims of cyber harassment had significantly higher PI/EA. Harassment experiences appeared to be significantly associated with PI/EA, and the effects could be cumulative. It would be beneficial to construct a friendly world for emergent adult gay and bisexual men. Evaluation and intervention with PI/EA improvement should be considered for emergent adult gay and bisexual men with traditional and cyber harassment experiences.

Gender violence against woman nursing students: a cross-sectional study.

to identify the sociodemographic profile of nursing students who suffered gender violence and to know the characteristics of the violence that occurred in this population. a cross-sectional study with 91 nursing students from a public university in southeastern Brazil, between September 2019 and January 2020. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the World Health Organization Violence Against Women, section 10 were used. approximately 65% suffered some form of gender violence during their lifetime, mainly perpetrated by family members. 41.7% were victims of physical aggression, 23% suffered sexual harassment, 30.8% suffered sexual abuse. There was a pattern of intergenerational violence (p<0.001), vulnerability of self-declared lesbians and/or bisexuals (p=0.705), Christian or evangelical (p<0.001). gender violence was high among those surveyed. The experience of forms of violence can damage students' lives. There is a need for attention from teaching institutions and professors in addressing the theme.

Conduta frente a uma fratura mandibular parassinfisária bilateral – relato de caso

The anterior region of the mandible is a site of insertion of the muscles that support and position the tongue superiorly and anteriorly in the oral cavity. The bilateral fracture pattern in mandibular parasymphysis can result in loss of this support and present of the lingual musculature, putting the upper airway patency at risk. This study aimed to report a case of bilateral parasymphysis fracture, emphasizing therapeutic management in the conduction of the case. Patient victim of physical aggression presented to the hospital emergency unit, showing atypical mobility in the anterior segment of the mandible. The CT scan of the face confirmed the presence of bilateral fracture in the mandibular parasymphysis region. After diagnosis, the patient was hospitalized and surgically approached within 48 hours for open reduction and rigid internal fixation. In the evaluation of mandibular fractures, it is necessary to pay attention to the configurations that are potentially fatal. Fracture of the mandible in the anterior region can impair the patient’s respiratory competence, despite the fact that airway instability is not always present. Thus, the management of cases in immediate care must be individualized, and the patient monitored until definitive treatment.

Traumatic Atlantoaxial Rotatory Subluxation in Adult: Case Report

AbstractTraumatic atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation (AARS) is generally found in pediatric patients, rarely found in adults, being a life-threatening condition especially when early diagnosis is not possible, which can lead to severe late neurological deficits. We describe a 38-year-old patient, victim of physical aggression caused by strangulation attempt who developed AARS, an uncommon traumatic cause. During the hospital care, the early diagnosis allowed us to institute a conservative treatment, which made the case uncommon, since most of the time surgical treatment is imperative. With the patient awake and under analgesia, a closed reduction was performed that promoted immediate pain relief, followed by a prescription of wearing a Philadelphia-type collar for 8 weeks. During the follow-up, cervical spine radiographies demonstrated no subluxation after removing the cervical collar. The patient was asymptomatic after 6 months of treatment. This case supports the importance of nonoperative management of AARS in selected cases.

Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Violence and Relationships to Sexual Risk-Related Behaviors Among College Students

Background: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a major public health concern, often initially experienced in young adulthood; IPV has been associated with adverse sexual health and sexual risk outcomes. Objective: This study examined 1) correlates of experiencing Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and 2) IPV in relation to sexual risk-related behaviors among college students. Methods: We analyzed 2016 cross-sectional survey data regarding sociodemographics, past IPV experiences, and sexual risk-related behaviors (sex after drug/alcohol use, condomless sex) among male and female students aged 18-25 from seven Georgia colleges/universities, respectively. Results: IPV victimization was associated with being Black, greater depressive symptoms, and substance use. Multivariable regression, including sociodemographic covariates, indicated that alcohol/drug use before the last sex was associated with sexual and physical aggression victimization among men (Nagelkerke R-squared=.155), but with fewer negotiation experiences and more injury experiences among women (Nagelkerke R-squared=.107). Condom less sex at last intercourse was associated with psychological aggression experiences among women (Nagelkerke R-squared=.125), but with no IPV factor among men (Nagelkerke R-squared=.188). Conclusion: The distinct relationships between IPV and sexual risk among men and women underscore the need for targeted prevention interventions.

MULTIPLE ORAL PROCEDURES IN INJURED PATIENTS ADMITTED TO INTENSIVE CARE UNITS

A male patient, 27 years old and a victim of physical aggression, presented with severe, unconscious cranioencephalic trauma, with orotracheal intubation in mechanical ventilation, psychomotor agitation, and presence of sialorrhea. A healthy dentition and lingual piercing were observed, and the piercing was removed to prevent trauma in the oral cavity and in the orotracheal tube. The patient evolved with bruxism secondary to neurologic alteration causing lesions in the tongue and trauma in the orotracheal tube, causing a decrease in oxygen saturation and worsening of sialorrhea with an unsatisfactory response to anticholinergic pharmacologic treatment. We chose to install a mouth guard, low-level laser therapy application on the tongue, and later the application of botulinum toxin to the masseter and temporal muscles, and to larger salivary glands. Evaluation and dental therapy for patients in the intensive care unit are fundamental to prevent and treat oral lesions, providing greater patient comfort, and contributing to the control of nosocomial infections and shortening hospitalization time.

Violence on doctors. An observational study in Northern Italy.

Background:Violence in the workplace is now universally recognized as a significant global public health issue and is one of the most serious issues affecting the healthcare sector.Objectives:To assess the prevalence of workplace violence.Methods:We performed a multicenter cross-sectional study using an anonymous questionnaire submitted to doctors from Northern Italy. The survey investigates socio-demographic information, the number of years of work in the health sector and the physical and verbal aggressions that occurred in the workplace in the last 12 months.Results:The sample consists of 4545 healthcare workers, of whom 2603 (57.27%) are females. The mean age of the sample is 49.79 years (SD ± 12.63). The risk of being victim of physical aggression at work in the last 12 months is significantly associated with the following independent variables: male gender (aOR 2.09, 95% CI 1.51-2.88), work in the public sector (aOR 2.57, 95% CI 1.72-3.85), being victim of verbal aggression at work in the last 12 months (aOR 22.52, 95% CI 10.97-46.20), work in the operational units of the Medical area (aOR 2.36, 95% CI 1.33-4.21) and the Territorial area (aOR 1.97, 95% CI 1.04-3.74).Discussion:The prevalence of violent behaviour is difficult to assess, because violent incidents are underreported or unreported. The results of the study suggest that increased awareness is necessary to develop effective control strategies at individual, hospital and national levels.

Does cyberbullying occur simultaneously with other types of violence exposure?

Objective:Our study aimed to verify whether cyberbullying victimization among adolescents occurs concomitantly with other forms of violence exposure (at home, at school and in the community).Methods:A collaborative longitudinal study by Norwegian and Brazilian researchers was conducted in Itaboraí, a low-income city in southeast Brazil. At baseline, trained interviewers applied a semi-structured questionnaire to a population-based sample of 669 in-school adolescents (11-15 years old). The investigated types of violence exposure included cyberbullying, traditional bullying, severe physical punishment by parents and community violence (victimization and eye-witnessed violent events outside the home and school).Results:In the previous six months, 1.9% of the adolescents had been victims of cyberbullying, and 21.9% had been victims of physical aggression, verbal harassment and/or social manipulation by peers. However, only 5.5% of the adolescents considered themselves bullying victims. In the previous 12 months, 12.4% of adolescents had suffered severe physical punishment, 14.0% had been victims of community violence, and 20.9% eye-witnessed community violence. Multivariable regression analysis showed that victimization by multiple types of traditional bullying and self-perceived bullying victimization were correlates of cyberbullying victimization, while suffering violence at home and in the community were not.Conclusion:This study provides evidence of an association between cyberbullying, traditional bullying and self-perceived bullying among low-income Brazilian adolescents.

Partner predictors of marital aggression across the transition to parenthood: An I3approach

The stress that arises during the transition to parenthood often places significant strain on marriages that can result in marital problems such as aggression victimization. In this research, we use an I3framework to identify specific partner variables that are likely to promote physical aggression victimization across the transition to parenthood. Examining both intercepts (i.e., mean levels of aggression victimization estimated at childbirth) and slopes (e.g., changes in aggression victimization estimated over time), we find support for a three-way interaction anticipated by the I3framework. Specifically, male partners were more likely to report being the victim of aggression at childbirth and also during the 24 months that followed when their female partner reported experiencing greater parental stress (an instigator to aggression in the I3framework), greater relationship-specific attachment avoidance (an impellor to aggression), and lower relationship satisfaction (the lack of an inhibitor to aggression). Implications for the prevention of marital aggression associated with these I3factors are discussed.

Relationships between traditional and cyber harassment and self-identity confusion among Taiwanese gay and bisexual men in emerging adulthood

BackgroundHarassment victimization is prevalent among gay and bisexual men and may negatively impact the victims' mental health. AimsTo examine the relationships between traditional and cyber harassment and self-identity confusion among Taiwanese gay and bisexual men in emerging adulthood. ProceduresA total of 305 gay or bisexual men (age, 20–25 years) in Taiwan were recruited. Participants' self-identity confusion and the experiences of traditional and cyber harassment were assessed. The relationships of experiences of harassment victimization, number of places at which traditional harassment occurred, and type of harassment victimization with self-identity confusion were examined using multiple regression analysis. ResultsBoth victims of verbal ridicule and relational exclusion and victims of physical aggression and theft of belongings had higher levels of disturbed identity and lack of identity than did non-victims. Those who experienced traditional harassment at multiple places had higher levels of unconsolidated identity and lack of identity than did those who experienced traditional harassment at only one place. Those who experienced multiple types of harassment had higher levels of unconsolidated identity than those who experienced only one type of harassment. DiscussionsVictimization of traditional harassment and multisite and multitype harassments were significantly related to self-identity confusion in gay and bisexual men.

Alcohol use moderates the relationship between symptoms of mental illness and aggression.

Diagnosis of mental illness (MI) inconsistently predicts aggressive behavior although co-occurrence of substance use appears to increase the frequency of aggression in MI populations. We propose that alcohol use should moderate the relationship between mental disorders marked by deficits in self-control and aggression and victimization. In the present study, alcohol use, physical aggression perpetration, physical aggression victimization, injury and psychiatric symptoms were assessed in a sample of 297 substance use disorder patients (102 women; Mage = 38.9, SD = 20.2) recruited from a residential treatment facility. Negative binomial regression analyses examined the relationship of physical aggression, victimization, and injury over the previous 12 months to symptoms of bipolar mania, psychosis, posttraumatic stress disorder, antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), and daily volume of alcohol consumed. Consistent with past research relating MI to aggression, rates of victimization were higher than rates of perpetration. Results demonstrated that alcohol use moderated the relationship of manic symptoms of bipolar disorder to perpetration of aggression and causing injury to others. Three way-interactions between gender, alcohol use, and both psychotic and ASPD symptoms were related to victimization. The combination of heavy alcohol use and increased psychotic or ASPD symptoms was related to greater victimization for women but not for men. Women with more psychotic symptoms who were heavy drinkers were also more likely to report causing injury to another person. Results were generally consistent with the multiple-thresholds model of alcohol-related aggression; however, the moderating effects of alcohol use were dependent on gender and type MI. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

Children, Parental Alcohol Consumption, and Intimate Partner Violence: A Multicountry Analysis by Perpetration Versus Victimization and Sex.

Both living with children and alcohol consumption are positively associated with intimate partner violence (IPV). We assessed their combined relationship with physical IPV (P-IPV) victimization and perpetration, and explored possible moderating roles of sex and culture. Data included 15 surveys of 13,716 men and 17,832 women in 14 countries from the GENACIS (Gender, Alcohol, and Culture: An International Study) collaboration. P-IPV was measured as victim of physical aggression by an intimate partner (Vic-Only), perpetrator of physical aggression toward a partner (Perp-Only), or both victim and perpetrator (i.e., bidirectional) (Bi-Dir). Participants reported whether they lived with children below 18 years of age, whether the participant was a drinker/abstainer, and, among drinkers, usual frequency and quantity of alcohol consumed. Multilevel multinomial logistic regression, controlling for age and nesting of data within countries, indicated that Vic-Only, Perp-Only, and Bi-Dir (compared with no P-IPV) were positively associated with living with children, being a drinker, and quantity/frequency of drinking among drinkers (especially higher quantity). The positive association of P-IPV with living with children and being a drinker was evident within most countries. Significant interactions with sex were found, with (a) living with children more strongly associated with Perp-Only for men and Vic-Only for women, and (b) Perp-Only and Bi-Dir more strongly associated with being a drinker for men but with quantity consumed for women. Also, alcohol consumption was more strongly related to Perp-Only and Bi-Dir than with Vic-Only. In conclusion, higher risk of P-IPV with alcohol consumption is compounded when living with children-putting children who live with drinkers, especially drinkers who consume large amounts per occasion, at special risk of exposure to P-IPV. This is an important area for future research and prevention.