Victims Of Persecution Research Articles

TELZHAN SHONANULY AND THE PROBLEM OF NATIONALITY

The article considers the life and exemplary biography of universal scientist Telzhan Shonanuly,born in 1894. The contribution of the person, who cares for the people, to Kazakh literature and Kazakh spiritualitywill be mentioned. The scientist’s friendship and relationship with the Alash representatives is revealedand explained. The works of Telzhan Shonanuly are considered in the development and formation of Kazakhscience in the 20s-30s of the 20th century, and the role of his works in society is defined. The developmentof historical thought at the beginning of the 20th century is formulated comprehensively on the basis of thegrowing environment and scientific work of the Alash’s representative. The activity of Telzhan Shonanuly isdiscussed as an educational and historical-ethnographic writer, literary man, and translator, which shows him asa universal scientist. We will consider his services to the people for each year and his moral qualities. TelzhanShonanuly is a great scientist, a Kazakh individual. According to the information found today, his contributionto cultural heritage has been significant for more than ten years. He was different from other scientists and educatorsin that he not only developed the literacy of schoolchildren, but also wrote textbooks for adults. In fact,it is difficult to find the difference between the whole being of the scientist and a science. At the same time, inthe article, we see that Telzhan Shonanuly became a victim of persecution.

Legal aspects of temporary protection for Ukrainians in the member states of the European Union

In the article two different international protection mechanisms for persons who are forced to leave their homes for the sake of personal safety and the safety of their children (refugee status and temporary protection) which are currently provided for in European law are examined and compared. The main international document that regulates the issue of refugees is the UN Convention on the Status of Refugees of 1951. The issue of temporary protection is regulated by the EU Council Directive № 2001/55/EC of 07/20/2001, which was activated for the first time in history by the EU Council Decision № 2022/382 of 03/04/2022 to protect persons fleeing Ukraine due to a large-scale invasion by Russian armed forces began on 24 February 2022. The grounds for obtaining refugee status are individual and internal in nature (reasonable fears of a person becoming a victim of persecution), and therefore a long and complex administrative procedure for obtaining it. The grounds for obtaining temporary protection have a collective and obvious external nature (a mass influx of forcibly displaced persons in connection with a real threat), and, accordingly, the maximally simplified and fast (immediate) procedure confirming that the person is covered temporary protection.

The Vienna Gestapo, 1938–1945: Crimes, Perpetrators, Victims

While much has been published on the organization, methods and perpetrators of the Geheime Staatspolizei in Nazi Germany, far less scholarly attention has been paid to the institution’s largest office outside of the central headquarters—numerically larger than Prague or even Berlin—in Vienna. With over 900 staff members, the Gestapo’s Staatspolizeistelle Wien made more arrests than any other regional headquarters in the Reich, amounting to over 50,000 between 1938 and 1945. Its territory of operations included the former federal provinces of Vienna, Niederösterreich, Burgenland and areas of the former Czechoslovakia absorbed into the Reichsgau Niederdonau, comprising over 3.5 million people in total, and its responsibilities expanded to include protecting the Reich’s new borders with the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia and with Slovakia and Hungary. That such a history, which both considers the significance of the Viennese Gestapo and contextualizes the organization within the rich corpus on the Nazi police machinery, has hitherto been elusive justifies the present attempt by Elisabeth Boeckl-Klamper, Thomas Mang and Wolfgang Neugebauer to offer a comprehensive analysis which considers not only the victims of persecution and repression but also the structures, organization and individuals actively involved on the Gestapo side.

Conversion to Islam in the Premodern Age: A Sourcebook

Conversion to Islam in the Premodern Age: A Sourcebook

THE LIFE OF THE AUTHOR OF THE GREAT POEM "SHAHNAMEH"

The name of Ferdousi and his heritage, both creative and the legends about him, are a cultural code that plays an important role in the unity of the Persian cultural space, extending far beyond Iran. And at the same time the author of "Shahnameh" became a romantic legend of the West. The image of the poet, who created the greatest work, but did not receive recognition during his lifetime, turned out to be very close to European romantics. As well as the theme of the struggle against tyrants and autocrats, therefore, in many interpretations, Ferdousi appears not only as an unrecognized genius, but also as a victim of persecution.

HISTORY OF CREATION "SHAH-NAME" FIRDOUSI

The name of Ferdousi and his heritage, both creative and the legends about him, are a cultural code that plays an important role in the unity of the Persian cultural space, extending far beyond Iran. And at the same time the author of "Shahnameh" became a romantic legend of the West. The image of the poet, who created the greatest work, but did not receive recognition during his lifetime, turned out to be very close to European romantics. As well as the theme of the struggle against tyrants and autocrats, therefore, in many interpretations, Ferdousi appears not only as an unrecognized genius, but also as a victim of persecution.

Beyond intelligibility: the hauntings of queer migration

ABSTRACT This article explores the haunting aspects of queer migration within two documentary films: Season of Migration to the North (Laumann 2015), a film about a queer Sudanese migrant who fled to Norway after hosting a fashion show, and Shelter: Farewell to Eden (Masi 2019), a film about a Filipino transgender migrant navigating European borders. Instead of focusing on how the films make the protagonists intelligible, I focus on how absences are conjured to question the necessity of making the subject intelligible. This is important because queer migrants are often framed as only victims of persecution who must become intelligible to the demands of sexual humanitarianism. Disrupting the way visibility is heralded as an achievement for queer migrants, I explore the importance of unintelligibility in migration, especially when the terms of appearance are controlled by not only norms surrounding sexuality, gender, race, and class but also the violence of European borders.

‘The English language enables me to visit my pain’. Exploring experiences of using a later-learned language in the healing journey of survivors of sexuality persecution

Aims and objectives: This qualitative study explores the experience of using a later-learned language, English (ELX), in the therapeutic journey of refugee survivors of sexuality persecution to enhance understanding of the role of language in their rehabilitation. Design/methodology/approach: This is a multiple case study of three refugees, persecuted in their home country because of their sexual orientation, who are regular attendees of a therapeutic community, Room to Heal, based in London. A qualitatively driven mixed-method research design using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) and ethnography was employed. Data and analysis: Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with the first author. They consisted of questions about the relationship between the participants’ languages, emotions and sense of self. Findings/conclusions: Participants shared common positive experiences characterised by feelings of the ELX being a liberating tool that empowered them and enabled them to bear witness to their trauma, express their same-sex love more easily and be more self-accepting, and contributed to the (re)invention and performance of a ‘new’ self. Originality: The originality resides first in the unique profile of the participants – victims of persecution because of their sexual orientation; second in the unique context – a therapeutic community supporting refugees; and third in the methodology – a qualitatively driven mixed-method design combining IPA and ethnography. Significance/implications: The findings support an embodied perspective of languages and highlight the need for therapists to be aware of multilingualism and its effects. The reduced emotional resonance of a later-learned language may offer its users a way to access trauma and build a new self within the therapeutic process.

Strategies of denial: women’s experiences of culture of disbelief and discreditation in the treatment of asylum claims on the grounds of female genital cutting (FGC)

ABSTRACT Drawing from qualitative research with female asylum seekers in Scotland who had claimed asylum to protect their daughters from female genital cutting (FGC), this article examines the workings of the culture of disbelief during asylum interviews. In this article I illustrate how the treatment of FGC-related asylum claims is informed by the convergence of hostile environment, gender and refugee stereotypes and the dominant representations of FGC. I argue that at the collision of anti-immigration and anti-FGC discourses, asylum seeking women are confronted with conflicting expectations whereby they are simultaneously expected to reinforce the constructions of themselves as victims of ‘backward’ cultural practices, and to narrate their vulnerability beyond cultural terms in order to meet the criteria for asylum outlined in the Refugee Convention. This paper illuminates the multiple strategies asylum interviewers employ to undermine women’s lived experiences of persecution, revealing the contradictions in how interviewers simultaneously question the threat of FGC, women’s inability to resist these practices and women’s own experiences of being subject to FGC. Through this, I problematise the assumptions that FGC as an ‘extreme’ form of gender-based violence would offer an exception to refugee women’s persistent struggles in being recognised as victims of persecution.

Sympathetic Vampires and Zombies with Brains: The Modern Monster as a Master of Self‐Control

Sympathetic Vampires and Zombies with Brains: The Modern Monster as a Master of Self‐Control

The essence of stalking as a socially dangerous act and the role of information of private character with signs of secrecy in the formation of tactics behavior of pursuer

he article examines the feasibility of criminalizing obsessive persecution, the so-called «stalking». A concept that has grabbedattention over the past thirty years abroad, having become the subject of a significant amount of research. The reasons for the formationof a trend to consolidate responsibility for stalking are analyzed, which took shape in the early nineties of the last century and todayhas become part of the legislation of large parts of the world. At the same time, the very concept of stalking appeared in the scientificliterature long before that, being mainly the subject of research by psychiatrists, characterized it as a certain state of mind. Attention isdrawn to the fact that now stalking has already become somewhat stratified, being considered primarily as a type of illegal behavior.The latter infringes on the inviolability of private life and information of private character with signs of secrecy, which is the source ofthe formation of tactics of stalker behavior. The latter, in turn, aims to control the victim, forcing her to abandon her usual way of life.In this context, it is questioned that domestic legislation does not recognize such behavior as illegal, as well as the lack of relevantstatistics on the number of persecuted persons. In this regard, the official data on other countries that are actively studying this phenome -non are considered. According to their data, up to 15% of people have been persecuted at least once in their lives, which indicate a seriousprevalence of this behavior, which is definitely not limited to a single country or continent. This gives grounds to assert that Ukraineis not an exception either, and the absence of any statistics does not mean the absence of this problem. The latter only indicates a lackof attention to the problems of stalking and an underestimation of the possible consequences.All this gives grounds to assert that today the victims of persecution are almost defenseless, and the existing legal regulation isunable to protect citizens from obsessive persecution. Separately, the presence of a sufficient level of public danger from stalking isassessed to be recognized as a criminal offense at the level of law. Attention is focused on the danger of stalking, which has a widerange of manifestations and is characterized by unpredictable consequences. After all, it was precisely the cases of grave consequencesthat received a public response that prompted a number of Western countries to recognize stalking as a criminal offense.Summing up the results, the position on the criminalization of stalking is given, in this connection; it is proposed to amend thecurrent Criminal Code of Ukraine. At the same time, this should not be realized by changing the existing norms, but precisely by creatinga new separate norm. As an approach that turned out to be the most effective in ensuring the protection of human rights and freedoms.Among other things, this will also perform a preventive function against crimes that infringe on information of private characterwith signs of secrecy.

Internally displaced persons in the context of current migration processes in Ukraine

The introduction highlights the relevance of the study of migration processes in Ukraine and outlines the problematic circle regarding its regulation. The concept of «migration» in the sciences of the humanitarian block is considered. It is revealed that the number of internally displaced persons has increased since the signing of the Association Agreement and the visa-free regime between Ukraine and the EU. Therefore, statistics on the register at the legislative level of IDPs are provided. Basic research and scholars dealing with this social topic are reviewed. Therefore, the purpose of the article was to outline the purpose of the article, namely to clarify a terminological problem between the concepts of refugees, displaced persons or IDPs.The main part states that the annexation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea by the Russian Federation and the conflict in the Donbass have caused the mass relocation of people for the second time in Ukraine. For the first time, the state encountered this phenomenon during the Chernobyl disaster. A methodological toolkit for regulating the legal status of IDPs is considered. The differences between the concepts of refugees, displaced persons, IDPs are outlined.As a result, a “refugee” is a person who is not a citizen of Ukraine and, because of a well-founded fear of becoming a victim of persecution on grounds of race, religion, nationality, citizenship (nationality), independence of a particular social group or political beliefs outside the country of his / her nationality and may not enjoy the protection of this country, or does not wish to enjoy this protection because of such fears, or without citizenship (nationality) and being outside the country of his former permanent residence, may or may not return to her because of these concerns. «Internally displaced persons» are people or groups of people who have been forced to flee their homes to escape armed conflict, violence or mass human rights abuses. IDPs are persons or groups of persons within the country who have been forced to flee, or who have left their place of permanent residence as a result of or to avoid the effects of military conflict, mass violence, human rights violations, natural or man-made disasters, and who have not crossed the internationally recognized borders of the state.

Historizität und Fiktion in Martin Opitzens Versepen

This article seeks to shed new light on well known epic poems by Martin Opitz, especially the Trostgedichte, which were written at the beginning of the war. The relationship between history and fiction is developed through a specific kind of “story telling”, which aims at presenting the protestants as victims of persecution within all Europe, without mentioning the origins and reasons of this specific war in Germany. The author Martin Opitz, as their harbinger, tries to give moral and philosophical support to his readers but also calls for a strong resistance. The different epic works Opitz wrote during his short life can thus be seen as a encrypted and steadily updated comment to the current political and military events.

Perlindungan Korban Tindak Penganiaayaan Dalam Hukum Pidana Indonesia Dan Hukum Pidana Islam (Perspektif Restorative Justice)

Process of resolving acts of persecution in Indonesian criminal law still have a number of things to fixed. One of them is the problem of dissatisfaction among the parties because they feel they have not received justice and benefit from court decisions, which is the end of the legal settlement process. Indonesian criminal law has not given much attention to the protection of victims of acts of persecution. What the victims need for recovery, the resolution of what the victims want, and the active participation of victims in resolving acts of persecution have not yet been realized optimally. Victims of persecution seem to only be complementary in the whole law process. Therefore, this paper seeks to examine how the protection the victims of persecution in Indonesian criminal law and Islamic criminal law from the perspective of restorative justice.

ПРОБЛЕМА БУЛІНГУ В СУЧАСНОМУ ОСВІТНЬО-ВИХОВНОМУ СЕРЕДОВИЩІ ТА ШЛЯХИ ЇЇ ПОДОЛАННЯ

The problem of the emergence of bullying in the educational area among school-age children is investigated, since in recent years in Ukraine the bullying (baiting) has often been referred to as a negative phenomenon. A brief analysis of modern scientific investigations on the problems of bullying in the educational environment is done, which shows the necessity of a detailed and systematic study on this problem. Bulling is seen as a conflict and widespread phenomenon in children's groups, which can cause a negative impact on formation of personality, difficulties in socio-psychological adaptation, complexity and uncertainty of a young person in choice of next career. It has been noted that numerous facts of child abuse have caused attention to this phenomenon and implementation of specific steps at the state level to counteract and prevent this problem. It is emphasized that the presence of bullying in the educational environment has a negative impact not only on the victim of persecution, but also on the perpetrators (abusers, observers) as well as on parents and teachers. Emphasis is placed on the necessity of coordinated work of educational institutions, school psychologists, social educators, lawyers, parents to overcome bullying, which, respectively can reduce the manifestation of this negative phenomenon and greatly improve the resolution of conflict situations. Finding peaceful ways to resolve conflict situations, upbringing of friendly relationships between children and assimilate moral values leads to a healthy psychological climate in the children's groups, educate the respect and mutual assistance among coevals. There are a number of methodological recommendations for organizing the educational process, conducting cultural events, leisure, extracurricular work, outdoor activities, which help to prevent such a negative phenomenon of our reality. It is concluded that the joint work of relevant state institutions, educators, lawyers, psychologists, parents, media representatives, using different methods of influence on the individuals, may provide conditions for resolution of conflicts and overcoming bullying among children and school youth.

You are Not Welcome Here Anymore: Restoring Support for Refugee Resettlement in the Age of Trump

You are Not Welcome Here Anymore: Restoring Support for Refugee Resettlement in the Age of Trump

You are Not Welcome Here Anymore: Restoring Support for Refugee Resettlement in the Age of Trump

After descending an escalator of his hotel at Central Park West on a June day in 2015, Donald Trump ascended a podium and proceeded to accuse Mexico of “sending people that have lots of problems, a...

NS-Raubgut in Darmstädter Bibliotheken vor und nach 1945

AbstractThis article discusses the attitude, prior to as well as after 1945, of both the former Hessian State Library (Landesbibliothek) and the academic library (Hochschulbibliothek) at Darmstadt towards books confiscated by the Nazis. Since most of the records as well as books have vanished in the bombings of the year 1944, only few items looted from victims of persecution could be identified. After 1948, the now united State and University Library (Landes- und Hochschulbibliothek) was given several thousand confiscated books that have not subsequently been restituted by the German and Allied public authorities. Among them, parts of the former Lodges’ libraries in Mainz (Rhenus-Loge) and Darmstadt (Starkenburg-Loge) give an impression of the intellectual life of the B’nai B’rith Order in pre-war Germany.

The Society for the Protection of Science and Learning as a patron of refugee mathematicians

The Society for the Protection of Science and Learning (SPSL, which started out as the Academic Assistance Council (AAC) 1933–36) distinguished itself from many other aid organizations set up in response to Nazi policies towards Jews and political dissidents in its focus on academic excellence as a criterion for support. Its archives are deposited in the Bodleian Library. Today, the organization is known as the Council for At-Risk Academics (CARA, http://www.cara1933.org/).In the archives of the SPSL, there are files on two and a half thousand scientists, victims of persecution in their home countries, who appealed to the Society for assistance in finding refuge and work in Britain. Almost a hundred are mathematicians, of which about one in four found temporary or permanent employment in British academia. Many others found their way to the US, in most cases aided by the Emergency Committee, an American organization with priorities similar to those of the SPSL. The paths of some of the most successful SPSL grantees are described, and contrasted with those of some less fortunate applicants.

Jane K. Wickersham. Rituals of Prosecution: The Roman Inquisition and the Prosecution of Philo-Protestants in Sixteenth-Century Italy.

The historiography on the Protestant Reformation in Italy constitutes a major component of studies in religious history. Many aspects of the Reformation have already been analyzed, and our knowledge of both the victims of persecution and their persecutors is undoubtedly much broader than it used to be. One concrete example of this is the recent publication of the Dizionario Storico dell'Inquisizione, edited by Adriano Prosperi in collaboration with Vincenzo Lavenia and John Tedeschi (2011). Jane K. Wickersham's book is nevertheless an original contribution and manages to underline certain aspects that merit further consideration. The starting point and centerpiece of the structure of the book is the subject of “ritual,” whose role in religious, political, and social life in the early modern period has been established by Edward Muir and others. By revisiting certain themes successfully developed by Silvana Seidel Menchi in Erasmo in Italia (1987), Wickersham not only highlights the role of dogmatic constructs and theological debate but also underlines the fundamental importance of ceremonies and religious practices for the dual purpose of educating the faithful and identifying responsibilities and heretical beliefs. Wickersham strives to pinpoint these aspects in Inquisition documents from northern Italy, in particular Venice, Modena, and Siena, although Rome is also considered. The picture that emerges is extremely interesting, not so much because of the material used, some of which is already familiar, but due to the fact that the inquisitors' point of view is adopted. How did they assess behavior and practices? To what degree did behavior condition and sustain investigations in cases of heresy and contribute towards convictions? Whether they were simple acts or questions of adherence to dietary rules, rituals that were practiced or avoided came to play a role of primary importance for inquisitors as they defined the level of social danger that an individual posed. In other words, it was behavior and ritual practices that first aroused suspicion, reinforced evidence and came into play when the accused's statements did not follow the path “desired” by the tribunal. Moreover, most philo-Protestant criticism of Catholicism was directed somewhat forcefully against rituals and ceremonies that were defined as superstitious, magical and corrupt. The author thus perspicaciously notes that matters of confessional and theological dissent did not only stem from the need to distinguish the correct doctrinal armory from its heterodox equivalent; it was actually more a question of establishing a set of good ritual practices to shape, educate, and develop society. The church also attempted to train its faithful through rituals adopted by inquisitors for persecution and punishment, such as forcing those suspected of neglecting Catholic rituals to enact them as a punitive measure. The church's main aim in using ritual to create a barrier was therefore not to combat the spread of heretical beliefs and opinions but rather to prevent them from being translated into social behavior.