Vicinity Of Wall Research Articles

Investigation of cavitation bubble dynamics near a solid wall by high-resolution numerical simulation

We investigate dynamics of a single cavitation bubble in the vicinity of a horizontal wall throughout expansion and collapse using a sharp–interface level-set method. The numerical scheme is based on a finite-volume formulation with low-dissipation high-order reconstruction schemes. Viscosity and surface tension are taken into account. The simulations are conducted in three-dimensional axi-symmetric space. A wide range of initial bubble wall standoff distances is covered. We focus, however, on the near-wall region where the distance between the bubble and the wall is small. We reproduce three jetting regimes: needle, mixed, and regular jets. The needle jets impose a significant load on the solid wall, exceeding the force induced by the collapse of the pierced torus bubble. For intermediate standoff distances, the large delay time between jet impact and torus bubble collapse leads to a significant decrease in the imposed maximum wall pressure. A liquid film between bubble and wall is observed whenever the bubble is initially detached from the wall. Its thickness increases linearly for very small standoff distances and growths exponentially for intermediate distances leading to a significant increase in wall-normal bubble expansion and bubble asymmetry. For configurations where the torus bubble after jet impact reaches maximum size, the collapse time of the cavitation bubble also is maximal, leading to a plateau in the overall prolongation of the cycle time of the bubble. Once the initial bubble is attached to the solid wall, a significant drop of all macroscopic time and length scales toward a hemispherical evolution is observed.

Turbulent secondary flows in low aspect ratio open-channels over heterogeneous surfaces: Anisotropy in forces

Studies of turbulent flows over heterogeneous surfaces revealed elevated turbulent kinetic energy and Reynolds shear stress in low-momentum-path regions. These regions induce large-scale multi-cellular secondary flows. The aim of the current study is to analyze the influence of these regions on drag, lift, and lateral forces acting on spherical particles at different exposure levels, thereby addressing the hitherto unknown contribution of the spanwise inhomogeneities. For this reason, numerical simulations of turbulent open-channel flow with varying aspect ratio (AR=1,3,5) over single-sized spherical particles with diameter D were studied. Ensemble-averaged cross-flow velocity vectors showed large-scale secondary flows to penetrate in-between the spherical particles, therefore stretching over the entire flow depth. Their magnitude above 0.8D was observed to range between 12.9%and14.9% of U. Strong tertiary vortices in the vicinity of the lateral walls were identified by analysis of swirl strength. Triple decomposition of streamwise velocity fluctuations showed strong backflow at the trailing edge of the spherical particles in high-momentum-path (HMP) regions. Furthermore, it was found that drag forces are higher in HMPs, which is attributed to the larger streamwise pressure gradient.

Free-flow biomolecular concentration and separation of proteins and nucleic acids using teíchophoresis

The ability to preconcentrate, separate, and purify biomolecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids, is an important requirement for the next generation of portable diagnostic tools for environmental monitoring and disease detection. Traditionally, such pretreatment has been accomplished using large, centralized liquid- or solid-phase extraction equipment, which can be time-consuming and requires many processing steps. Here, we present a newly developed electrokinetic concentration technique, teíchophoresis (TPE), to concentrate and separate proteins, and to concentrate nucleic acids. In TPE, a free-flowing sample is exposed to a perpendicular electric field in the vicinity of a mass-impermeable conductive wall and a conductive terminating electrolyte (TE), which creates a high electric field strength zone between the lower mobility sample and the no-flux barrier. Unlike a similar electrokinetic concentration method, isotachophoresis (ITP), TPE does not require a leading electrolyte (LE), yet still enables a continuous field-driven electrophoretic ion migration across the channel and a free-flowing biomolecular concentration at the conductive wall. Here, we demonstrate the use of free-flow TPE (FFTPE) to manipulate biomolecular samples containing proteins or nucleic acids. We first use TPE to drive a 6.6-fold concentration increase of avidin-FITC, and also demonstrate protein separation and stacking between ovalbumin-fluorescein and BSA-AlexaFluor 555, both without the use of a conventional LE. Further, we utilize TPE to perform a 21-fold concentration increase of nucleic acids. Our results show that TPE is biocompatible with both proteins and nucleic acids, requires only 10 V DC, produces no significant sample pH changes during operation, and demonstrates that this method can be used as an effective sample pretreatment to prepare biological samples for downstream analysis in a continuous free-flowing microfluidic channel.

Influence of Slip and Orientation on Entropy Generation Due to Natural Convection in a Square Cavity

Abstract Numerical simulations are performed to deduce the effects of slip wall and orientation on entropy generation due to natural convection (NC) in a square cavity for Rayleigh number (Ra) = 105. The laterally insulated square cavity, heated at the bottom wall and cooled at the top wall, is subjected to various orientation angles (ϕ) and slip velocities characterized by the Knudsen number (Kn). The two components of entropy generation, i.e., entropy generation due to heat transfer (SΘ) and entropy generation due to fluid friction (SΨ), are separately investigated by varying the orientation from 0 deg to 120 deg in steps of 15 deg and Knudsen number from 0 (no-slip) to 1.5 in steps of 0.5. Evidence indicates that, for most cases considered, entropy generation due to fluid friction (SΨ) dominates the one due to heat transfer (SΘ). It is observed that the slip velocity on the isothermal walls (us,iso) has a strong influence on SΘ whereas the variations in SΨ are closely connected to the change in the rate of shear strain. Interestingly, the presence of corner vortices and the secondary circulations near the core of the cavity are also found to affect the variation in entropy generation. The existence of active zones of SΘ in the vicinity of isothermal walls and their elongation and migration while changing the orientation is another unique characteristic noticed in this study. A new parameter called maximum velocity ratio (MVR) is also proposed to highlight the variation in velocity components within the enclosure.

Occurrence characteristics and influential factors of movable oil in nano-pores by molecular dynamics simulation

CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) technology has shown great application potential in the development of tight reservoirs. Since the proportion of nano-pores in tight oil reservoirs exceeds 77%, it is necessary to further study the occurrence state of crude oil in nano-pores. In this paper, the molecular dynamics simulation was applied to study the adsorption and diffusion behaviors of multi-component crude oil in quartz (hydrophilic) nano-pores. Besides, the density discretization method was used to investigate the occurrence characteristics of crude oil, the proportion of movable fluid in nano-pores, and the effects of CO2 and polar molecules (C3H6O) on the adsorption characteristics of crude oil. The simulation results showed that the adsorption state of crude oil in the quartz nano-pores was in the form of 4 adsorption layers with a thickness of 0.45 nm each. In nano-pores, the oil molecules with longer molecular chains were more likely to aggregate and adsorb on the quartz surface. Among them, polar oil molecules have the strongest adsorption capacity on the quartz surface. Moreover, the crude oil potential energy and the self-diffusion coefficient gradually increased from the vicinity of the quartz wall and tended to be stable in the free layer. Meanwhile, the content of movable crude oil gradually augmented with the increasement of nanometer pore width and temperature. Furthermore, the pressure had little effect on the density distribution of crude oil in the pores. In contrast, the temperature had a more significant effect on the density distribution of the adsorption layer. At last, due to the more substantial adsorption capacity of CO2 on the rock surface, the crude oil adsorbed initially on the rock surface would be stripped off by CO2, converting from irreducible oil to moveable oil.

A forced convection of water aluminum oxide nanofluid flow and heat transfer study for a three dimensional annular with inner rotated cylinder

The article examines a water alumina nanofluid and heat transfer through the three-dimensional annular. The annular is constructed by the two concentric cylinders in which the inner cylinder can rotate along the tangential direction at a constant speed. A slip boundary condition will be imposed to vanish the viscous effect in the vicinity of the outer cylinder wall. Moreover, the rotating cylinder is kept at a hot temperature, and the outer one is at a cold temperature. A three-dimensional incompressible Navier Stokes and energy equations were carried in cylindrical coordinates. The simulation was observed using the emerging computational tool of COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6, which implements Least Square Galerkin's scheme of finite element method. The parametric study will be done by altering the speed of rotation of the inner cylinder from 1 to 4, volume fraction from 0.001 to 0.9, and the aspect ratio from 0.4 to 0.6 for a fixed Reynolds number of 35,000. The results will be displayed with graphs and tables for average values of the Nusselt number, the percentage change in the temperature, and the skin friction at the middle plan. It was found that the average Nusselt number at the middle of the annular increases before the volume fraction of 0.2 and then decreases for all values of the volume fraction for a fixed rotation of the inner cylinder. The average percentage change relative to the inner cylinder's hot temperature decreases with the volume fraction increase for the fixed rotation. Also, it was found that the quantity of nanoparticles in the domain is improving the average skin friction in the middle of the channel, and it can be reduced by improving the rotation of the inner cylinder by about 10–23% strictly depending upon the aspect ratio for a particular case.

Effect of oxygenated functionalities on the phase transitions of an ionic liquid confined in a mesoporous carbon host

The effect of surface functionalization on the carbon walls-ionic liquid (IL) interactions is analyzed by combining differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Raman spectroscopy. Four mesoporous carbons (Lmeso ~ 9.0 nm) with a gradually increasing oxygenated surface functionality have been soaked with the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ([EMIm+][FSI−]) IL at filling ratios R ≈ 0.8 (almost complete pore fullness) and R ≈ 1.2 (fully filled pores with excess liquid). The low temperature behavior of the IL molecules confined in mesopores depends on their distribution between two populations: i) located close to the pore center, or ii) near the pore walls. In the surface clean material soaked with R ≈ 0.8, the molecules in the proximity of the pore center are involved in freezing/melting, whereas the species located in the vicinity of the pore walls are involved in a glass transition upon cooling, followed by cold crystallization and melting upon heating. When applying the functionalized carbon hosts, all the species located near the pore surface freeze already upon cooling, owing to their aggregation to the walls through the formation of hydrogen bonds with the surface oxygenated functionality. The amount of [EMIm+][FSI−] exhibiting exclusively freezing/melting can be as well enhanced by completely filling the pores (R ≈ 1.2) to strengthen the IL-IL and IL-carbon interactions. The information derived from this study is crucial for designing an optimal porous carbon-IL system intended to be implemented in e.g., electrochemical capacitors (ECs) operating at low temperature.

Acidic layer-enhanced nanoconfinement of anions in cylindrical pore of single-walled carbon nanotube

The adsorption of the nitrate ion by the cylindrical pore of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) was found to be aided by an acidic adsorbed layer. Adsorbed water in the vicinity of the pore wall can supply protons through ionization, forming the acidic layer, according to Raman spectra and results of solution pH fluctuations caused by ion species adsorption. Such an acidic adsorbed layer leads to surplus adsorption of anionic species where the adsorbed amount of nitrate ions is much larger than that of cations. Also, we could observe the Raman bands being assignable to the symmetrical stretching mode at an extremely high-frequency region for nano-restricted nitrate ions compared to any other bulk phases. The abnormal band shift of adsorbed nitrate ions indicates that the nitrate ions are confined in the pore under the effects of nanoconfinement by the pore and the strong interaction with the acidic layer in the pore. Our results warn that we have to construct the adsorption model of aqueous electrolytes confined in carbon pores by deliberating the acid layer formed by the adsorbed water.

Low Reynolds Number Flow Past Square Cylinder in the Vicinity of a Plane Wall

The characteristics of flow over a square cylinder in the vicinity of a plane stationary wall have been numerically investigated. 2D time-dependent incompressible flow at low-Reynolds numbers of 100 and 200 has been calculated using the finite volume method. CFRUNS scheme is used for pressure-velocity coupling in numerical calculation. The authors have tried to make an attempt to analyze the features of the complex flow field through flow streamlines and the vorticity contours. The impact of the gap between the cylinder and the plane wall upon flow pattern behavior is also studied. An intense interaction between vorticity in the boundary layer generated over the plane wall and the vorticity associated with the shear layer emanating from the separation points on the cylinder surface has been observed producing a very complex flow field in the cylinder wake and the gap between the cylinder and the wall.

Scaling of small-scale wall turbulence

In the vicinity of walls, turbulence is anisotropic. Since the classical hypotheses of Kolmogorov (Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, vol. 30, 1941, pp. 299–303), Obukhov (Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Geogr. Geofiz, vol. 13, 1949, pp. 58–69) and Corrsin (J. Appl. Phys., vol. 22, 1951, pp. 469–473) require small-scale turbulence to be isotropic, they have only limited relevance to wall-bounded turbulent flows. Here, we put forward a hypothesis whereby small-scale near-wall statistics, when suitably normalized, are independent of the type of flow as well as of the Reynolds and Péclet numbers. The relatively large amount of available wall turbulence direct numerical simulations data, related mainly to second-order statistics, in a channel flow and a boundary layer provides good support for the independence with respect to the Reynolds number. To fully validate the hypothesis, more data are required for higher-order statistics as well as for other wall flows and for different surface conditions.

A single bubble rising in the vicinity of a vertical wall: A numerical study based on volume of fluid method

Single bubble rising in the close vicinity of a vertical wall is one of the focuses in the field of gas-liquid two-phase flow. In this work, three-dimensional direct numerical simulation based on volume of fluid (VOF) and adaptive mesh refinement method is performed to investigate the bubble rising and wake structures near a vertical wall. The bubble migration trajectory, deformation, velocity and wake structures were analyzed under various Galileo numbers and initial wall distances. Bubbles with a Galileo number of 8.8 significantly migrate away from the wall, which is driven by the repulsive force as a result of the suppression of the vortex diffusion on the bubble surface. As the Galileo number increases, the asymmetry of the shedding vortex tends to play a vital role on the repulsive force, which is exacerbated by the presence of the vertical wall. A periodic shedding of the vortex appears behind the bubble when the Galileo number reaches at 95. Meanwhile, the bubble trajectory changes from rectilinear to spiral along with a periodic oscillation. Due to the interaction between the vertical wall and the bubble wake, a transition from a rectilinear rising path to a spiral rising path is more likely to occur compared to that without a vertical wall. The presence of a vertical wall contributes to bubble-rising oscillations. A decrease of the bubble terminal velocity due to viscous effect near the vertical wall is observed for bubbles at low Galileo numbers. However, the viscous effect is less pronounced as the Galileo number increases.

Study of anisotropy of convective optical underwater turbulence and the effect of the mean water temperature in the presence of a varying temperature gradient on it

In this paper, the anisotropy of optical convective underwater turbulence is investigated in terms of the variance of angle of arrival (AOA) fluctuations of a narrow laser beam propagating through it in different sections of the medium. The collimated laser beam with a wavelength 532 nm and a diameter 1 cm, which passes through a convective underwater turbulence. The turbulence is generated in a water tank with dimensions of 20 cm × 36 cm × 20 cm, which is installed on a flat surface electrical heater. During the experiments, the mean water temperature (MWT) can be changed from room temperature to 34 ∘C by increasing the heater temperature. The use of the heater also generates a temperature gradient in the medium. The laser beam propagates along a horizontal path with a length of 20 cm inside the tank at different altitudes from the heater source, as well as at different distances from one of the side walls of the turbulent medium. After passing the laser beam through the turbulent medium, the fluctuations of the AOA components in the vertical and horizontal directions are measured. From the time series of the measured AOA fluctuations, their variances are determined. The anisotropy of the medium is investigated by comparing the variance of AOA components measured in the vertical and horizontal directions. We show that the variances of both of vertical and horizontal components of the AOA fluctuations are increased with the MWT, and they are saturated at higher MWTs. In addition, different anisotropic behaviors are observed for the variances of the measured AOA fluctuations at the vicinity of the lateral wall and upper surface of the water. At the vicinity of the lateral wall the variances of the AOA fluctuations in the horizontal component are larger, but at the vicinity of the upper surface the variances of the AOA fluctuations in the vertical component are dominant. This behavior may be caused by the change of the convection motion direction in the turbulent fluid.

Magnetohydrodynamic mixed convection flow of liquid metals in a vertical channel: A stability analysis

The impact of applied magnetic field on liquid metal flows has good prospects for the industry. For a better understanding of flow dynamics, the stability analysis of liquid metal flows through a confined transverse magnetic field is of fundamental importance in designing advanced magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) devices for the next generation. In this paper, we report the linear stability analysis of mixed convection flow of electrically conducting liquid metals with low Prandtl number (Pr) in a vertical channel under a transverse magnetic field. The flow is described by quasi-static MHD approximation. The instability properties are examined numerically through a spectral collocation method. The influence of magnetic field on instability mechanism is examined for a good range of Pr. The results demonstrate that the growth of the infinitesimal disturbance decreases with increasing strength of the applied magnetic field due to the effective Lorentz force exerted on the flow, i.e., stability of the flow increases. In contrast, the stability of the basic flow decreases on increasing the value of Pr, except for a small range of Pr, where it increases. The kinetic energy balance shows that for very small values of Pr, the shear instability dominates the flow, whereas for relatively larger values of Pr, thermal-buoyant instability plays a significant role in the instability mechanism. The dissipation of energy in the kinetic energy balance occurs prominently due to the presence of the applied magnetic field. The secondary flow pattern shows that the applied magnetic field suppresses the disturbance in the vicinity of channel walls. In contrast, a decrease in thermal diffusivity provokes instability by inviting a strong disturbance cell in the middle portion of the channel. The energy dissipation in the kinetic energy balance occurs mainly due to the presence of the magnetic field.

Effect of rough wall on drag, lift, and torque on an ellipsoidal particle in a linear shear flow

The present study provides a detailed description of the forces on an ellipsoidal particle in the vicinity of the rough wall. Three-dimensional numerical simulations are performed using a body-fitted mesh to estimate the drag, lift, and torque coefficients. A large number of simulations are conducted over a range of parameters, such as the shear Reynolds number (10≤Res≤100), orientation angle (0°≤θ≤180°), and wall-particle separation distance (0.1≤δ≤2.0), to get a comprehensive description of variation of the above coefficients. Using the simulation results, we develop the correlations for the drag and lift coefficients to describe the effect of rough wall, inclination angles, and particle Reynolds numbers on the hydrodynamic coefficients. The proposed correlations can be used for two-phase flow simulation using the Eulerian–Lagrangian framework.

The effect of flow speed on the bubble dynamics: A numerical study

The Naiver-Stokes equations are utilized to investigate the bubble dynamics subjected to the flow speed in the vicinity of a rigid wall. The predictions are compared with the Gilmore method and available experimental results, and a reasonable agreement is obtained. The important flow properties, e.g., bubble morphology, collapse time, jet development, pressure wave propagation, and vorticity evolution are studied in detail. The results demonstrate that the combined effect of the flow speed and rigid wall results in the generation of oblique jet, which may contribute to the development of the fish-scale pits on the surface of the hydraulic machinery. Moreover, our results show that the impulse loads caused by the bubble collapse in moving water are lower than those in stationary water. Finally, it is indicated that the stretching term plays a major role in the vorticity both inside and outside the bubble, while the dilatation term mainly influences the vorticity inside the bubble.

Suppression Of Wall Reflection In PIV Images Over Rough Walls

Wall reflections in particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements is one of the limiting factors in obtaining velocity information in the vicinity of rough walls. This work tests two different techniques to suppress wall reflections for time-resolved, two-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry (2D-PTV) and stereoscopic-PIV (stereo-PIV). The 2D-PTV was performed for a turbulent boundary layer developed on a rough wall in a water towing tank facility. To measure velocity in the vicinity of the rough wall, the near-wall region on the viewing window was covered with tinted papers to mitigate the wall reflection and maintain a visible reference plane of the towed wall. Using this technique allowed detection of particles at a wall-normal distance of approximately 300 μm (10 wall units) from the roughness valleys for an imaging system with 1 m standoff distance. To suppress the wall refection for the stereo-PIV over a rough wall performed in a wind tunnel, the roughness is coated with fluorescent paint to shift the reflected light to a higher wavelength. A narrow band-pass filter was then used on the imaging lenses, allowing only particle images to be recorded while extinguishing the majority of the reflected laser light from the surface. Reliable velocity measurements with this technique were obtained up to 500 μm (5.0 wall units) from the roughness valleys.

Cavitation bubble collapse in a vicinity of a rigid wall with a gas entrapping hole

This paper aims to reveal the influence of a rigid wall with a gas entrapping hole on the characteristics of the dynamic behavior of a laser-induced bubble collapse. A high-speed camera system was used to record the oscillation process of the laser-induced bubble on a rigid wall with a gas entrapping hole. When a bubble is generated by a laser above the wall with a gas entrapping hole, the entire bubble collapse stays away from the wall or splits into two bubbles because of a radial jet induced by bubble contraction. These two distinctive collapse modes are dependent on the distance between the wall and the bubble. The focus of this study is the quantitative analysis of the jet formation, bubble migration, and oscillation period, and compared with the behavior of the bubble near a rigid wall. The results show that unlike the generation of the bubble near a rigid wall, a rigid wall with a gas entrapping hole affects the morphology of the jet and changes the direction of migration of the bubble and decreases the oscillation period. Thus, the rigid wall with a gas entrapping hole could be effective for reducing cavitation erosion on the wall surface, which is supported by our experiment results.

A new method of acceleration of consolidation using a cylindrical cavity expansion in presence of vertical drains

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the acceleration of consolidation through a new method composed by a cylindrical cavity expansion (CCE) combined with vertical drains (VD). In fact, the cylindrical cavity applies a radial displacement in the soil. Excess pore pressures will be consequently generated and the consolidation process will occur at the vicinity of the cavity wall. The dissipation of excess pore pressures can be enhanced in presence of VD installed at a radial distance r d from the center of the cylindrical cavity. During cavity expansion, the variation of excess pore pressures and incremental stresses are analyzed. The subsequent consolidation around the CCE in the presence of VD is solved using the Finite Difference Method (FDM) with taking into account the effect of the CCE installation. This effect is described by a decrease in horizontal permeability within a disturbed zone. Obtained results show that the proposed system of consolidation i.e., composed by a CCE combined with VD, greatly accelerates the consolidation of soil. Furthermore, the effects of the extent of the disturbed zone and the soil permeability reduction have a significant influence on the consolidation of the soil. The application of the proposed method to the case of “Tunis Rades La Goulette Bridge” is presented and discussed.

Tracing the origin of heterogeneities in the local structure and very sluggish dynamics of [Cho][Gly] ionic liquid confined between rutile and graphite slit nanopores: A MD study

Atomistic-level understanding of the interfacial behavior of ionic liquids (ILs) confined in slit-like nanopores is of both fundamental and practical interest. Molecular dynamics (MD) is an efficient and robust approach to characterize the properties of confined systems in contrast with some limitations in direct experimental measurements at low-dimensions. In this research, MD simulations are used to study the biocompatible IL cholinium glycinate, [Cho][Gly], confined between two parallel plates of rutile or graphite, with the separation distance of 24 Å along the z-direction. As expected, both the microscopic local structure and dynamical behavior of the confined IL are very heterogeneous and depend effectively on the position of the ions to the pore walls. The ion z-density profile is used for segmentation of the inter-wall space into a central region and two outer layers. The behavior of ions in the central region is very similar to the bulk IL, while the behavior of the arranged ionic layers adjacent to the pore walls shows the clear deviation from the bulk IL due to confinement. In general, the confined IL shows a "solid-like" dynamics at T = 353K, especially in the outer layers near the walls as well as in the z-direction. The presence of the "IL-rutile wall" electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) causes a significant difference in the local structure and very sluggish dynamics of the IL adjacent to the rutile walls vs the graphite walls. Simulation reveals a significant decrease in the average number of key cation-anion H-bonds at the outer layers relative to the central regions of both confined systems. The recognized [Cho]+⋯[Gly]-⋯[Cho]+ bridge structure at the central region is lost in the vicinity of the rutile walls due to inaccessibility of the hydroxyl hydrogen atom, which forms a stable H-bond with the rutile oxygen site. However, another unprecedented [Gly]- bridge is confirmed and preserved near the graphite walls, and [Cho]+ cations prefer to stay parallel to the wall surface to form the van der Waals dispersion interactions with the uncharged graphite walls.

Transient Flow and Heat Transfer in a Horizontal Rectangular Channel Considering Thermal–Fluid–Structure Interaction

Abstract For the supercritical n-decane horizontally flowing in a rectangular channel of an active regenerative cooling system, a transient thermal–fluid–structure coupling method is employed to investigate the unsteady thermal-hydraulic characteristics and the wall deformation at a starting stage. The temperature distributions of the fluid domain and solid domain along the flow direction are investigated at fixed times as well as at a certain cross section. Streamlines in cross sections are employed to explain the temperature distribution. The velocity and pressure at a fixed point versus time are also given. Besides, the solid deformation is presented according to the uneven pressure distribution and temperature distribution. It is found that the response time is less than 30 s when the heat flux is less than 3.0 MW/m2. A larger heat flux contributes to promoting the steady state. The high-temperature part of the solid domain is close to the heated wall, but the situation is reversed for the fluid domain. This is because a bunch of dead-zone vortices appears in the vicinity of the upper wall of the channel. The maximum deformation is 0.132 mm for the condition of heat flux 3.0 MW/m2 and it is exacerbated by the uneven temperature and pressure distributions on the solid domain.