Vicia Research Articles

Interspecific variation of seed morphological and micro-morphological traits in the genus Vicia (Fabaceae).

Seed macro- and micro-morphology were analyzed to evaluate their capacity to discriminate species in the genus Vicia (Fabaceae). To assess the interspecific variation of the taxa in the genus Vicia, 41 accessions were obtained from the USDA-ARS germplasm collection in the USA and 19 accessions were collected from Korea. Seed morphological characteristics such as shape, color, mottling, finish, length, width, diameter, hilum shape, hilum color, hilum length, and lens distance from the hilum were examined under a stereomicroscope. Testa texture characteristics such as testa pattern, papillae type, density, height, ribbing, surface deposits, and peaks topped with wax were examined under scanning electron microscopy. Various gross-morphological traits of seeds of Vicia species have been analyzed and compared. The present study revealed significant variation in testa traits. Testa were papillose and papillose with mounds, the latter being observed only in Vicia lathyroides. The present study revealed 20 key traits that could be used to diagnose Vicia species and classify them.

Vicia plants—A comprehensive review on chemical composition and phytopharmacology

The plants belonging to the genus Vicia are of great interest as a source of many bioactive compounds and micronutrients. A snapshot of their cultivation, habitat, main components, from which essential oils can be obtained, is given. The traditional medicinal uses of Vicia plants are also reported, as well as the wide spectrum of the main biological activities attributed to Vicia plants is discussed regarding potential health beneficial properties, in particular anti-Parkinson, anticholinesterase, antidepressant, anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antinociceptive, antidiabetic, antihemolytic, anticoagulant, estrogenic, diuretic, antihypoxic activities.

Karyotype variation and biochemical analysis of five Vicia species

BackgroundFabaceae is considered as the third largest family, which includes more than 727 genera and 20,000 species. The genus Vicia has from 180 to 210 species. Vicia species have a great economical and agricultural importance. Karyotype study of chromosomes and SDS-PAGE for seed storage proteins (soluble and non-soluble proteins) were carried out on five Vicia species (Vicia macrocarpa, Vicia sativa, Vicia narbonensis, Vicia ervilia) collected from IPK, Germany, and Vicia faba from Agriculture Research Centre, Giza, Egypt, to find out the phylogenetic relationships among these species.ResultFrom karyotype of studied Vicia species chromosomes, it was found that V. macrocarpa, V. sativa, and V. faba had six pairs of chromosome (2n = 12) while V. narbonensis and V. ervilia had seven pairs of chromosome (2n = 14). The most related species was found between V. ervilia and V. narbonensis (77.8%) depending on seed soluble protein similarity level, but between V. narbonensis and V. macrocarpa was 70.0% depending on seed non-soluble protein similarity level, while between V. ervilia and V. narbonensis, the most related species was 69.0% depending on collective data of both soluble and non-soluble seed storage protein.ConclusionThe phylogenetic relationships between the studied species depending on collective data of protein markers and karyotype characteristic were as follows: V. ervilia is closely related to V. narbonensis, while V. narbonensis is related to V. macrocarpa and V. ervilia, but the degree of relation between V. narbonensis and V. macrocarpa is less than the relation between V. narbonensis and V. ervilia. Equally, while V. sativa is closely related to V. macrocarpa, but V. faba is distant from all other studied species.

Broad beans (Vicia faba) and the potential to protect from COVID-19 coronavirus infection.

Due to its high linoleic acid concentration (41%), sesame oil has been proposed to have the potential to protect from COVID-19 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which was characterised by the World Health Organization as a pandemic in March 2020. Unsaturated fatty acids, in general, are active against some enveloped viruses, like COVID-19 coronavirus, due to the incorporation of the fatty acid into the lipid membrane of the viral envelope causing destabilisation of its bilayer. Broad beans (Vicia faba), grown in Northern Sudan, proved to incorporate high content of unsaturated fatty acids and in particular linoleic acid (46.41%). It forms a traditional meal in Sudan and in several Middle East countries. Hence, it is here recommended to be taken as the main meal in combination with sesame oil, as it is commonly practiced in Sudan. Theoretically, it has the potential to protect from COVID-19 coronavirus infections. This proposal needs to be confirmed by further experimental and clinical research.

ТАКСОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФЛОР ЛЕСОСТЕПНОЙ ЗОНЫ СРЕДНЕГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ

Penza region is located in the southwestern part of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga. Its territory occupies mainly Penza region is located in the southwestern part of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga. Its territory occupies mainly the western slopes of the Volga Upland and, to a lesser extent, the Oka-Don Lowland. It belongs to two large river basins: the Volga (the Sura and the Moksha rivers) and the Don (the Khoper and the Vorona rivers). The southwestern part of the region (the Khopra river basin) is located within the subzone of grass-turfgrass steppes of the steppe zone; the territory of the south of Penza region, belonging to the Sura River basin is located in the forest-steppe zone. The flora of the region includes more than 1700 species of vascular plants and belongs to the Rosaceae-type. The authors applied the method based on determining reference flora to identify local floristic features of the south of Penza region. This method had been tested by the research group earlier for studying the forest-steppe zone of the Samara Trans-Volga region (Sok and Melekess Stavropol physical and geographical areas). In result of the field trip results (2014–2019) in the southern and southwestern parts of Penza region the authors distinguished three reference flora groups, namely, the Tamala, Malaya Serdoba, and Kuncherovo flora. Their taxonomic features were compared with the seven reference flora groups previously identified in the Samara-Ulyanovsk Volga region. The spectra of the families of the reference flora groups of the southern areas of Penza region demonstrate the Fabaceae type of flora, despite the fact that the flora of the entire territory of Penza region belongs to the Rosaceae type. the genera Carex L. and Galium L., as well as the genera Salix L., Campanula L. and Veronica L. are the most numerous in the generic spectrum. The genus Vicia L. dominates in the Fabaceae family; Astragalus L. takes the 2nd or 3rd place (in various reference flora groups). The size of the Rosaceae family is determined by the abundance of the genus Potentilla L., as well as the total number of genera of this family. The Asteraceae, Poaceae, Brassicaceae, and Chenopodiaceae families take the first four places in the spectrum of families of the adventive fraction of flora in the studied territory

Tuz (NaCl) Stresinin Adi Fiğ (Vicia sativa L.) Tohumlarının Çimlenme ve Fide Büyüme Üzerindeki Engelleyici Etkisinin Hafifletilmesinde GA3 (Gibberellik Asit) ve Kinetin Bitki Büyüme Maddelerinin Uygulanması

Bu çalışmada, tuz (NaCl) stresinin Adi fiğ (Vicia sativa L.) tohumlarının çimlenme ve fide büyümesi üzerindeki engelleyici etkisinin hafifletilmesinde GA3 ve Kinetin bitki büyüme maddelerinin farklı dozlarının etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışma tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre petri ve saksıda olmak üzere iki paralel olarak yürütülmüştür. Denemede değişik dozlarda NaCl (0,5, 1,0, 1,5 ve 2,0 dS/m dozlarında hazırlanan NaCl çözeltisi) uygulanan adi fiğ (Vicia sativa L.) tohumlarına farklı dozlarda Kinetin ve Gibberelik asit dozları (Kontrol-saf su, 300 ppm Gibberellik asit, 50 ppm Kinetin,300ppm Gibberellik asit × 50 ppm Kinetin) uygulanarak tohumlar petri ve saksıda çimlendirilmiştir. Saksı ve petride çimlendirilen adi fiğ tohumlarında çimlenme yüzdesi, ortalama çimlenme süresi, çimlenme değeri, kök ve sap uzunluğu, kök yaş ve kuru ağırlığı, sap yaş ve kuru ağırlığı üzerine GA3 ve Kinetin uygulamalarının etkileri gözlemlenmiştir. Araştırma sonunda GA3 ve Kinetin uygulamaları adi fiğde çimlenme yüzdesine herhangi bir etkide bulunmamış, çimlenme süresini kısaltmış, çimlenme değerini artırmış, GA3 uygulaması kök ve sap uzamasını artırmış Kinetin uygulamasının olumlu bir etkisi olmamış, en fazla kök yaş ve kuru ağırlığı GA3 ve kontrol ünitelerinden elde edilmiştir. Adi fiğ tohumları üzerinde yapılan çalışmada incelenen özellikler üzerinde genel olarak GA3 ve Kinetin uygulamalarının etkileri çok farklı olmuştur. GA3 uygulamalarının kök ve sap uzunluğunu artırdığı, kinetin uygulamasının ise olumsuz yönde etkilediği belirlenmiştir.

Controlled traffic farming delivers better crop yield of winter bean as a result of improved root development

This paper reports on the continuation of a long–term experiment on the effects of alternative field traffic systems (STP–random traffic with standard tyre inflation pressure, LTP–random traffic with low tyre inflation pressure and CTF–controlled traffic farming) on soil conditions and crop development as influenced by different tillage depths (DEEP–250 mm, SHALLOW–100 mm and ZERO–tillage), in a randomised 3 x 3 factorial design in 4 replicates launched by Harper Adams University in Edgmond, UK, in 2011. The results from season 2017–2018 revealed that CTF delivered 8% higher crop yield of winter field bean (Vicia faba) cv. Tundracomparing to STP (p = 0.005), i.e. 4.13 vs 3.82 tonnes ha-1respectively (at 14% moisture content). The ZERO–tillage plots featured significantly lower plant establishment percentage comparing to shallow and deep tillage: 79% vs 83% and 83% respectively (p = 0.012). The research showed that roots traits differed significantly between contrasting traffic at depths greater than 50mm with p < 0.05of: tap root biomass, number of lateral roots, biomass of lateral roots as well as total root biomass (tap+lateral roots),delivering significantly greater values of those before mentioned parameters on CTF comparing to STP. Tap root length significantly differed between traffic systems (p < 0.001)giving significantly greater results on CTF comparing to LTP and STP (17.7, 13.4 and 12.6 mm respectively). Significant differences in tap root diameter were found only at the depth of 100 mm (p < 0.001) where again CTF delivered significantly higher root diameter than the remaining 2 traffic systems.In the shallow layer of soil (0–50 mm) a significant difference was found only for tap root biomass, for interactions, where STP ZERO gave significantly higher results than STP SHALLOW and CTF SHALLOW (1.430, 0.733 and 0.716 g respectively).

Influence of locations under same climatic zone on some common vetch lines (Vicia sativa L.)

Two experiments each following randomized complete block design with three replications were conducted simultaneously in Antalya and Adana locations in 2015-2016 growing season with 9 different common vetch lines and 3 cultivars to compare their yield and quality performance with respect to 17 different characters and also to find the relationships between them. The results revealed that interlocational difference of mean values for the characters were more pronounced than those within location. From yield and quality parameters investigated in this study significant differences could be noticed for the morphological characters at large and a for a few of the quality characters. Although no line could be identified to be superior for a good number of characters, line 2 has been recognized to be superior.

Catalase activity of herbs in conditions of urban environment pollution

Pollutants entering plants cells are able to cause biochemical malfunction, including lipid peroxidation, which leads to the change in antioxidant system activity. Sustaining redox balance in cells is a required condition of plants survival in conditions of anthropogenic pollution. The goal of this research was the investigation of catalase activity in meadow grass, wild vetch, red clover, coltsfoot and chamomile near various factories of Tyumen. Plants were gathered near the highway as well as close to the metallurgical plant, engine factory, oil refinery and accumulator plants. The change in catalase activity in the cells of plants turned out to be species-specific. The decrease in catalase activity was observed in the meadow grass and wild vetch cells, while in coltsfoot, red clover and chamomile both decrease and increase in enzyme activity was obtained. Pollutants from all the examined factories affected more or less on the catalase activity, but the greatest effect was registered near the metallurgical factory, that probably related to high heavy metal concentration in plants. The lowest effect on catalase activity, compared to control, was observed near the highway.

Inhibitory effects of ethanol extract from Vicia amoena on LPS (Lipopolysaccharide) induced nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production in RAW264.7 macrophage cell

Inhibitory effects of ethanol extract from Vicia amoena on LPS (Lipopolysaccharide) induced nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production in RAW264.7 macrophage cell

Protective effects of methanolic extract of Vicia cracca against hypoxia-induced lethality in mice

Vicia genus has 45 species in Iran. Many protective and biological activities have been reported from these species. In spite of many works, nothing is known about protective effect of V. cracca against hypoxia conditions. In this study, protective effects of V. cracca extract against hypoxia-induced lethality in mice were evaluated by three experimental models of hypoxia, asphyctic, haemic and circulatory. Statistically significant protective activities were observed in some doses of extract in three models. Antihypoxic activity was especially pronounced in asphyctic model. Extract at 200 mg/kg prolonged survival time (27.37 ± 4.0 min) but was not comparable with that of phenytoin (39.80 ± 1.92). At 100 mg/kg it also prolonged survival time (24.76 ± 3.7 min) which was so higher than control group. In haemic model, V. cracca extract significantly and dose dependently prolonged survival time as compared to control group. At 200 mg/kg, extract was being capable of keeping the mice alive for 15.38 ± 1.93 min. It was also effective in circulatory model. V. cracca extract at 200 mg/kg prolonged survival time (16.84 ± 1.47 min) that was statistically significant as compared to control group (13.14 ± 0.51 min). V. cracca extract showed a very good protective effect against the hypoxia in some models. Specifically, they produced significant and dose-dependent effect on the model of asphytic and haemic hypoxia. The presence of polyphenols in this plant may be a proposal mechanism for reported antihypoxic activities of this plant.

Detailed chromosome measurements and karyotype asymmetry of someVicia(Fabaceae) taxa from Turkey

This study examined the detailed chromosome measurements and karyotype asymmetries of seven taxa in the genus Vicia. The taxa are V. articulata, V. cassubica, V. villosa subsp. villosa in sect. Cra...

Genetic diversity study of Ethiopian Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) varieties based on phenotypic traits and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the earliest domesticated food legumes of the world. This study was designed to reveal the genetic diversity existing among 32 Ethiopian faba bean varieties grown at three locations (Sinana, Agarfa and Selka) using 23 phenotypic traits and 11 inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers. The combined analysis of variance across the three locations showed highly significant (p<0.05) variations among the varieties for many of the traits. The un-weighted pair group method with arithmetic mean of phenotypic traits revealed five major clusters. Eleven ISSR primers amplified 120 bands, of which 107 loci were polymorphic. Primer 860 recorded the highest gene diversity (0.38) and Shannon index (0.56), while primer 848 and 857 exhibited the least gene diversity (0.18). Un-weighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) of ISSR primers data grouped the cultivars into three major clusters based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficient ranging from 0.41 to 0.77. The principal coordinated analysis also categorized the varieties into three different groups similar to that of cluster analysis. The genetic variation in these cultivars suggests their potential use in faba bean breeding programs via introgression with other germplasm resources for faba bean improvement. Key words: Vicia faba, genetic diversity, phenotypic traits, inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR).

The complete chloroplast genome of an inverted-repeat-lacking species, Vicia sepium, and its phylogeny

Vicia sepium L., as a pan-temperate species, it is suitable as a constituent part of grazed grasslands because it can be resistant to winter kill and it contains abundant proteins. In this study, complete chloroplast genome of V. sepium was explored and phylogenetic analysis was done. The result showed that the whole genome was 124,095 bp long with IR loss. The overall GC content was 35.03%. A total of 109 genes were identified, including 80 protein-coding, 30 transfer RNA, and four ribosome RNA genes. Similar to most of the IRLC plastoms, rpl22, rps16 and one intron of clpP were lost. The phylogenetic analysis of protein-coding genes from 25 Fabaceae species belonging to IRLC showed that V. sepium was similar to V. sativa. The chloroplast genome reported here will promote our understanding of the phylogeny and evolution of the genus Vicia.

Effect of Integrated Crop- Management Packages on Yield and Yield Components of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Cultivars in Southern Ethiopia

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the most important pulse crops grown by farmers in Hula Woreda, southern Ethiopia. However, the actual farm yield of 1.2-1.6 t ha-1 is much lower than the potential yield, which is 1.5-3.5 t ha-1 on farmers’ fields under improved management and 2-5 t ha-1 in research station. This lower yield is due to poor management of the crop including lack of proper weed control, planting methods and fertilizer application. Hence, a field trial was conducted in Hula Woreda, during 2011 cropping season to determine the effect of integrated crop-management packages on yield and yield components of Gebelcho and local faba bean varieties. Varieties were factorially combined with nine management packages in RCBD design with three replications. Varieties were significantly different for days to flowering, days to maturity, leaf area index, nodule number, nodule dry weight, crop biomass, grain yield and yield components. Variety Gebelcho exceeded the local variety by 11% for leaf area index, 14% for nodule number, 21% for nodule dry weight, 7% for crop biomass, and 24% for grain yield. Gebelcho also gave more number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1 and 100 seed weight than local variety. Varieties did not differ significantly for crop stand count, plant height, weed count and weed biomass. Management packages differed significantly for crop growth attributes, weed count, weed biomass, grain yield and yield components. More number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, 100 seed weight and grain yield were obtained from the improved (package 1) than control (package 9). Economic analysis showed that, Gebelcho (improved cultivar) and package 1 (row planting, twice weeding and application of 100 kg DAP ha-1) gave higher net benefits of Birr 12400 and 12715 ha-1 with 980% and 109% marginal rates of return, respectively, and these were identified to be the best options.

Effects of Glycine soja and hairy vetch supplementation on the nutritional quality of corn silage

Effects of Glycine soja and hairy vetch supplementation on the nutritional quality of corn silage

Seed Quality of Vetch (Vicia sativa) affected by Different Seed Colors and Sizes after Various Storage Periods

Seed Quality of Vetch (Vicia sativa) affected by Different Seed Colors and Sizes after Various Storage Periods

Diversity of the composition and content of soluble carbohydrates in seeds of the genus Vicia (Leguminosae)

Low molecular weight carbohydrates of seeds of 10 species of Vicia, namely: V. angustifolia, V. articulata, V. cordata, V. ervilia, V. johannis, V. macrocarpa, V. monantha, V. narbonensis, V. pannonica and V. sativa were analyzed by the high resolution gas chromatography method. Seeds of the investigated species contain common (glucose, fructose, myo-inositol, sucrose, galactinol, di-galactosyl myo-inositol and raffinose family oligosaccharides—RFOs) and species-specific carbohydrates (d-pinitol and its α-d-galactosides—in V. articulata, V. monantha and V. pannonica or d-ononitol and its galactoside—in V. ervilia). Among the species containing in seeds RFOs as the main α-d-galactosides (V. angustifolia, V. cordata, V. johanensis, V. macrocarpa, V. narbonensis and V. sativa), an additional subgroup can be separated, which contains a set of unknown compounds (found in V. angustifolia, V. cordata and V. macrocarpa). Moreover, several other unidentified carbohydrate-containing compounds were detected exclusively in seeds of V. ervilia. The concentrations of total soluble carbohydrates (TSCs), including sugars, RFOs, cyclitols and galactosyl cyclitols and unknown compounds, in seeds differ significantly (P < 0.05) among the species. RFOs and sucrose are the main fractions in TSCs, with the exception of V. pannonica seeds, containing more galactosyl pinitols, and V. ervilia, in which unknown compounds account for 50% of TSCs. In V. ervilia RFOs occur at the lowest concentration (9.32 mg g−1 seeds), and the concentration of DGMI (di-galactosyl myo-inositol) is comparable with that of RFOs, which is unusual among all the investigated Vicia species.

Taxonomic implication of embryo micromorphology in the genus Vicia L. (Fabaceae)

In this work, embryos of selected Vicia species were examined to reveal the micromorphological characters that could have taxonomic significance. Experimental results show that morphological characters such as cotyledons shape and colour, radicle shape, colour and position, plumule colour and stipular parts attachments are variable and could be used for taxa identification in the genus Vicia. Numerical analysis based on 38 micromorphological characters was used to build a phenogram that indicated the relationships among the studied taxa. In addition, an identification key using embryo characters was prepared for Vicia species. The variability of embryo characters were discussed in the taxonomic context. Although the embryo characters have only limited phylogenetic signal for Vicia species, they might be used for their morphological delimitation.

Notulae to the Italian alien vascular flora: 3

In this contribution, new data concerning the Italian distribution of alien vascular flora are presented. It includes new records, exclusions, confirmations, and status changes for Italy or for Italian administrative regions for taxa in the genera Acer, Amaranthus, Araujia, Aubrieta, Avena, Bidens, Calycanthus, Celtis, Elaeagnus, Eragrostis, Euonymus, Fallopia, Ficus, Hedera, Lantana, Ligustrum, Ludwigia, Morus, Oenothera, Opuntia, Oxalis, Parkinsonia, Paspalum, Paulownia, Platycladus, Pleuropterus, Rumex, Salvia, Senecio, Setaria, Syagrus, Tradescantia, Trifolium and Yucca. Furthermore, a new combination in the genus Vicia is proposed.