Vicente De Research Articles

Ocorrência de cepas de Pseudomonas aeruginosa multirresistentes produtoras de metalo-β-lactamase blaSPM-1 em amostras clínicas

This study analyzed the occurrence of metallo-beta-lactamase genes in clinical samples of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the Hospital São Vicente de Paulo, RS. The genes were analysed by PCR and the susceptibility profiles were studied by diffusion-disk. Forty six strains were analyzed and five strains were positive for blaSPM-1 gene.

“A Lack of Legitimate Obedience and Respect”: Slaves and Their Masters in the Courts of Late Colonial Buenos Aires

“A Lack of Legitimate Obedience and Respect”: Slaves and Their Masters in the Courts of Late Colonial Buenos Aires

Analysis of São Vicente de Fora church, Portugal

The current paper presents a rehabilitation analysis of the sixteenth century church of São Vicente de Fora, where significant damage was observed, particularly in the structure of the barrel vaulted roof above the nave. Having ascertained the main pathology of the church, a numerical model was developed to analyse the behaviour of the structure and to identify the most probable causes of its damage. The numerical model was then used to define possible solutions for the repair and strengthening of the structure of the barrel vaulted roof.

Time-dependent prognostic factors of 6-month mortality in frail elderly patients admitted to post-acute care

To determine the association between functional and nutritional changes caused by an acute illness requiring hospitalisation and 6-month mortality. Hospital-based prospective longitudinal cohort study. Acute care centre (Hospital General de Vic, Barcelona Province, Spain). Post-acute care centre (Hospital de la Santa Creu de Vic, Barcelona Province, Spain). Hundred sixty five patients aged 75 years and older, hospitalised for an acute event. Functional status (Barthel and Lawton Indices), cognitive status (Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire), nutritional status (Mini Nutritional Assessment, albumin, cholesterol), depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale), co-morbidity (Charlson Index) and self-rated health status were collected upon admission to the post-acute care centre. Functional and nutritional status were assessed 1, 3 and 6 months after admission by a trained staff of geriatricians. Six-month mortality was the main outcome variable. Survival analysis was performed with functional and nutritional status as time-dependent variables. The mean age of the cohort was 83.3 years (SD 5.1) and 68.5% were female. Six-month mortality was 29.1% (95% CI: 22.2-36.7). The variables associated with mortality in bivariate analysis were: gender, Barthel Index (2 weeks before admission), Lawton Index (2 weeks before admission), Charlson Index, Barthel Index (time-dependent), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) (time-dependent) and cognitive status. The variables associated with mortality in multivariate analysis were: gender, Barthel Index (2 weeks before admission), Charlson Index and MNA (time-dependent). Functional and nutritional changes due to an acute illness have a statistical and clinical prognostic value and should be assessed along with other well-known relevant prognostic factors.

Beyond Exotization and Likeness: Alterity and the Production of Sense in a Colonial Encounter

The scene that unfolded in the plaza of Cajamarca on Saturday, 16 November 1532, is one of the most loaded in the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire. That day the Inca Atahualpa, head of an empire of several million extending from present day Ecuador to Chile, surrounded by his powerful army, was captured by 168 men. The attack took place after the exchange of a book and words in the middle of the plaza, between the Inca and fray Vicente de Valverde, head clergyman of the conquest party lead by Francisco Pizarro. The scene has been the object of much debate, both in the sixteenth century, when it rapidly became part of Europeans' colonial imagination, and in the present. This essay's goal is to offer an alternative interpretation of Cajamarca, which addresses a simple, under-explored question: Why did the meeting occurin the wayit did? Why was Atahualpathere, exposing himself to some dangerous looters, why did the Spanish not attack directly if the ambush was ready? To anticipate my conclusion, I argue that Cajamarca happened as it did because it was the necessary final act of a long chain of improvised moves, which responded to culturally specific political dilemmas. Its dynamic reflected a radical uncertainty common to contact processes, but left aside by most scholarship. Recovering this, I suggest, speaks not only to the case in point, but to the mechanics of power and coloniality across space and time.

Mortalidad hospitalaria en un Servicio de Medicina Interna

The Internal Medicine service of the Hospital General de Vic (Barcelona) takes part in the mortality committee by revising and discussing in-hospital mortality. to establish the characteristics of the deceased, death causes and to revise possible changes in the last six-years time or problems related to the exitus, to evaluate and improve hospitalized patientś assistance. Every case was revised following a specific register: demographical data, diagnosis and death cause, hospital death, documentation data, terminal or agonic situation when hospitalized, autopsies and death quality data. Exitus due to hospital problems were analyzed and classified in different groups. The statistical analysis was performed with measures of central tendency and of standard deviation. During the revised six years, there were 819 exitus (5.1%). Global average death age was 79 +/- 1.8 years: 52.5% were men and 47.4% were women; 22.8% died in less than forty-eight hours after hospitalization. The most frequent death causes were cerebrovascular accident (24%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (14.4%) and pneumonia (9.6%). There were a small number of autopsies (4.8%). Ratio of exitus due to hospital problems was stable during the six years (0.5%), in which nosocomial infection was the severest problem. The total percentage of exitus was 5.1%, higher than the common standards. Mortality causes coincide with other series. Ratio of exitus due to hospital problems was according to recommended objectives. The number of autopsies was very small. A correct completing and revision of the clinical recording is indispensable to spot a shortage in the hospitalized patientś assistance.

Efficacy of two different doses of antilonomic serum in the resolution of hemorrhagic syndrome resulting from envenoming by Lonomia obliqua caterpillars: a randomized controlled trial

The hemorrhagic syndrome caused by contact with Lonomia obliqua caterpillars has reached epidemic proportions in southern Brazil. This study aimed at assessing the efficacy of two different dosages of an antilonomic serum (SALon) in the treatment of patients who had accidental contact with L. obliqua caterpillars. A randomized, prospective controlled trial was conducted at São Vicente de Paulo Hospital, a tertiary hospital in Passo Fundo, Brazil. From January 2000 to April 2002, 44 patients with grade I or II hemorrhagic syndrome were randomly assigned to either group A: 22 patients treated with 10.5 mg total dose (three vials of SALon) or group B: 22 patients treated with 17.5 mg total dose (five vials of SALon). Treatment efficacy was assessed according to time necessary for blood coagulation to go back to normal, incidence of adverse reactions, and hospitalization time. There were no differences in clinical picture and laboratory findings between the two groups. Mean time for coagulation to go back to normal was 15.3±6.6 and 19.1±8 h in groups A and B, respectively. Adverse reactions and hospitalization time were similar in both groups. SALon was effective and well tolerated. This study demonstrated that three vials are as effective as five vials of SALon for the treatment of envenoming by Lonomia caterpillars.

Referencias a Pedro Alfonso de Huesca en la literatura castellana de la Edad Media

The references made to Pedro Alfonso de Huesca in medieval Castilian literature show an indirect knowledge, derived from the diffusion of the works of major French and Italian authors, such as Vicente de Beauvais, Guido de Colonna or Brunetto Latini. Only the authors of other apologetic texts, often themselves converts, seem to mention him through direct reading.

The painting of the first half of the XVIth Century in the Museu Episcopal de Vic

L'article conté diversos estudis sobre obres pictòriques de la primera meitat del segle XVI conservades al Museu Episcopal de Vic. En primer lloc, s'atribueix a Jean Bourdichon un pergamí il. luminat amb una Mare de Déu, que va ser adquirit l'any 1920 per al Museu, on va ser catalogat com a anònim. La resta del treball està dedicat a peces realitzades a Catalunya, com el retaule de la Trinitat de la Seu de Manresa, del català Gabriel Guàrdia, o una petita Nativitat que aquí s'atribueix a Pere (Perris) de Fontaines. Els dos epígrafs següents estan dedicats a la producció del taller vigatà de Joan Gascó i els seus fills. D'orígen navarrès, Joan Gascó (o Joan Navarro) va arribar a Catalunya vers els primers anys del segle XVI i va instal. lar el seu taller a Vic, treballant per a una clientela local, sobretot a la Plana de Vic, però també per a alguns pobles del Vallès Oriental. En aquestes seccions examino en primer lloc la fortuna historiogràfica dels Gascó, i proposo tot seguit un nou enfocament crític i una nova articulació del catàleg de llur obra, especialment la de Joan Gascó («Gascó I»), d'un «Gascó II» que s'identifica amb Perot, el fill primogènit, i d'un «Gascó III» que s'hauria d'identificar amb un altre dels fills de Joan (Sebastià o Francesc). L'últim epígraf explica la projecció a la Plana de Vic, a mitjan segle, d'un estil més classicista, d'un cert «romanisme», principalment cultivat per pintors radicats a Barcelona.

Vida de Segundo: Versión castellana de la ‘Vita Secundi’ de Vicente de Beauvais ed. by Hugo O. Bizzarri (review)

MLRy 97.4, 2002 1003 Vida de Segundo: Version castellana de la (Vita Secundi' de Vicente de Beauvais. Ed. by Hugo O. Bizzarri. (Exeter Hispanic Texts, 55) Exeter: University of Exeter Press. 2000. lxxvi + 46pp. ?13.99. Secundus learns as a schoolboy that there is no such thing as a chaste woman. Years later, he visits his mother anonymously and pays a servant to persuade her to lie with him. Although he remains chaste, his mother kills herself in shame. Seeing that his words were responsible for her death, he resolves never to speak again. He pursues a career ofteaching at Athens, writing but never speaking. The questions seek definitions, and the responses are often poetic: 'Que es el omne? Voluntad encarnada, fantasma del tienpo, asechador de la vida, collacion de la muerte' (p. 14). The tale is of Greek origin. As Bizzarri explains (pp. xix-xxvii), following Lloyd W. Daly and Walter Suchier, The Altercatio Hadriani et Epicteti Philosophi' and the Question-and-Answer Dialogue (Illinois: University Press of Illinois, 1939), theoldest Latin version is that of Willelmus Medicus (fl. 1167-86). From Willelmus descend Vincent of Beauvais (1190-1264), who expurgates his text, and Walter Burley (12751345 )>who takes William over wholesale. Of these, Vincent and Burley were translated into Spanish, and are the subject of the present edition. The Old Spanish Vincent firstappears as Chapter 196 of the Primera cronica general of AlfonsoX (c.1270); then as an independent text in a collection of wisdom texts (Escorial h.in. 1 and Salamanca, University, 1763); and in the fifteenthcentury as a chapter oi Bocados de oro (Madrid: Biblioteca Nacional 9204; Escorial e.m.io; Majorca (?): private library of Bartolome March; Gerona: Biblioteca Lambert Mata). The link with Bocados continues into print, with three editions of 1495, 1510, and 1527. This association is understandable, as both Bocados and Segundo deal with the life and sayings of the sages. The Spanish Burley exists in three manuscripts: Escorial h.111.1, Madrid: Real Biblioteca 11-561, and Madrid: Real Academia de la Historia, San Roman 39. The Burleian Secundus material does not circulate separately. To Bizzarri's bibliography we must add: Francisco Crosas Lopez, 'Notas para la edicion de la version castellana de Walter Burley, De vita et moribusphilosophorum', in Actes del VII Congres de la Associacio Hispdnica de LiteraturaMedieval, ed. by S. Fortuno Llorens and T. Martinez Romero (Castello de la Plana: Publicacions de la Universtitat Jaume I, 1999), 1, 101-12; and 'Traduccion castellana medieval del De vita et moribusphilosophorum de Walter Burley', RILCE, 16 (2000), 38-45. Medieval Spanish literature has three texts of a similar nature: Donzella Teodor, the tale of Tawaddud fromthe Thousandand One Nights, studied recently by Margaret Parker in The Story of a Story across Cultures: The Case of the Doncella Teodor (Woodbridge: Tamesis, 1996); the Spanish version of the Altercatio Hadriani et Epicteti, the Dialogo de Epicteto y el emperador Adriano, edited by Bizzarri (Frankfurt: Vervuert, 1995); and the subject of the present edition, the Vida de Segundo. Both texts edited here have been edited before by Hermann Knust, Vincent in Mittheilungen aus dem Eskurial (Stuttgart: Litterarischer Verein, 1879) and Burley in Gualteri Burlaei Liber de vita et moribus philosophorum (Stuttgart: Litterarischer Verein, 1886). Ramon Menendez Pidal edited the Alfonsine Vincent in his Primera cronica general de Espana (Madrid: Nueva Biblioteca de Autores Espanoles, 1906). Although these editions are classics, the appearance of new witnesses and the work of Daly and Suchier, and of Ben Edwin Perry, Secundus the Silent Philosopher (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1964), have made a new edition necessary. The present work opens with a solid 76-page introduction which surveys the textual tradition and establishes a stemma. There follow the editions. An important aspect of the textual history ofthe Spanish Vincent version, which Bizzarri appears not to have examined at firsthand, is precisely the earliest stage of its transmission in Spanish. As Bizzarri explains, this version firstappears in the Primera cronica general. However, he chooses 1004 Reviews as his base the independent text of h.m.i, noting readings from the Alfonsine text as edited by Menendez Pidal. Variants are exhaustively recorded. Endnotes cite the Latin original of Vincent...

Spain: The WHO Demonstration Project of Palliative Care Implementation in Catalonia: Results at 10 Years (1991–2001)

Xavier Gomez-Batiste, MD, Josep Porta, PhD, MD, Albert Tuca, MD, Esther Corrales, RN, Federico Madrid, MD, Jordi Trelis, MD, Dulce Fontanals, SW, Josep M. Borras, PhD, MD, Jan Stjernsward, PhD, MD, Antoni Salva, MD, and Eduard Rius, MD Palliative Care Service (X.G.-B., J.P., A.T., E.C., F.M., J.T.), Institut Catala d’Oncologia, Barcelona, Spain; Fundacio SAR (D.F.), Barcelona, Spain; Institut Catala d’Oncologia (J.M.B), Barcelona, Spain; Global Cancer Concern (J.S.), Stockholm, Sweden; Divisio Sociosanitaria (A.S.), Servei Catala de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain; and Ministry of Health (E.R.), Government of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain

Arsenic detection in nineteenth century Portuguese King post mortem tissues by energy‐dispersive x‐ray fluorescence spectrometry

AbstractArsenic and other heavy metal concentrations in post mortem soft tissues from a Portuguese King of the nineteenth century were studied by energy‐dispersive x‐ray fluorescence analysis. This work is an attempt to clarify the strange death of the King, through the analysis of his post mortem soft tissue remains, which were kept inside a Chinese porcelain container since his death in 1826. The container was put in a wooden coffin and buried underground in a chapel of the St Vicente de Fora Monastery in Lisbon. Quantitative elemental analysis of the remains showed very high concentrations of arsenic and lead, which on average correspond to a few hundred times the mean normal values for contemporary human soft tissues. Increased levels of Cu were found, and also small enrichments for Fe and Zn, probably due to either enrichment during the 175 years or contamination by direct intake from the container, or both. The results obtained are consistent with acute arsenic poisoning, reinforcing the conclusions from the medical anatomical–pathological report, based on the analysis of the fragments by scanning electron microscopy. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Root and stem rot of Schefflera arboricola in Brazil, caused by Fusarium solani

Schefflera arboricola (octopus tree; local name cheflerapequena) is an ornamental shrub of the Araliaceae fromTaiwan. In Brazil it is widely used as a pot plant and ingardens. In March 1998, a disease was observedaffecting patches of plants within groups cultivated inthe garden of the Universidade Federal de Vic¸osa inVic¸osa, Minas Gerais. The initial symptoms of leafchlorosis progressed to leaf drop, browning of stemsand death of the above-ground parts. Below-groundobservations showed that a brown necrosis began insecondary roots and advanced to the base of the stems,by which time complete defoliation had occurred. Thebark was shed in plants with advanced necrosis of theroot system.Tissue fragments taken from the internal parts ofdiseased plants at the limit of the necrotic areas weresurface-sterilized and plated on potato dextrose agar(PDA). A Fusarium species was the only fungusobtained, and appeared from most fragments. Single-spore cultures from these colonies were grown oncarnation leaf agar to assist identification (Nelson et al.,1983). The fungus was identified as Fusarium solani,based on its morphology and on the symptoms observedin natural and artificial infections, which are similar tothose of other diseases caused by F. solani. Atypicalcream or purple colonies developed on PDA, althoughcolony colour is influenced by cultural conditions.Conidia from one isolate were produced in a potatodextrose broth shake culture at 278C in the dark. Seven8-month-old S. arboricola plants were inoculated bydipping the roots for 1 min in a suspension containing3 £ 10

Hypomelanosis of Ito - case report

OBJECTIVES: The authors report a case of hypomelanosis of Ito (HI), a rare neurocutaneous syndrome with neurological and chromosomal alterations associated with cutaneous involvement and recurrent pneumonia. CASE REPORT: A male patient, age 1 year and 11 months, was admitted with bilateral bronchopneumonia to the São Vicente de Paulo Hospital. Examination revealed hypochromic maculas on the skin, compatible with HI, and a delay in neuropsychomotor development. The patient was submitted to incisive biopsy of the abdominal skin lesions, electroencephalogram, magnetic resonance, and cytogenetic evaluation. RESULTS: Histology and immunohistochemistry evinced absence of melanin and reductio of melanocyte in focal areas of the epidermis. The electroencephalogram revealed diffuse cortico-subcortical dysfunction. Encephalic magnetic resonance imaging was compatible with arachnoid cyst in the temporal region. Karyotype showed chromosome mosaicism (46, XY) and interstitial deletion of bands 22.2 to 24.4 of the long arm of chromosome 10 (25%). CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of skin lesions is important for the etiologic definition of neuropediatric disorders.

Holy and Unholy Alliances: Clerical Participation in the Flow of Bullion from Brazil to Portugal during the Reign of Dom João V (1706-1750)

Holy and Unholy Alliances: Clerical Participation in the Flow of Bullion from Brazil to Portugal during the Reign of Dom João V (1706-1750)

Regional harm reduction organizations in the developing world

Drug and Alcohol ReviewVolume 19, Issue 3 p. 348-348 Regional harm reduction organizations in the developing world Fabio Mesquita, Fabio Mesquita Vice President of IMRA, Former Relard Executive Director, Av. Vicente de Carvalho, 24 ap. 1102, Santos SP, Brazil.Search for more papers by this author Fabio Mesquita, Fabio Mesquita Vice President of IMRA, Former Relard Executive Director, Av. Vicente de Carvalho, 24 ap. 1102, Santos SP, Brazil.Search for more papers by this author First published: 29 May 2009 https://doi.org/10.1080/713659384Citations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume19, Issue3September 2000Pages 348-348 RelatedInformation

Diagnóstico y tratamiento de la osteoporosis posmenopáusica después de una fractura de Colles

To investigate whether the presence of Colles fracture leads to diagnostic studies or treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Retrospective study with follow-up of incident cases. Hospital General de Vic and Primary Care Centre Osona. Vic. Barcelona. We studied 80 postmenopausal women with Colles' fracture during 1995-1996. The clinical records were systematically reviewed and treatment with antiosteoporotic drugs before and after Colles' fracture were compared. Diagnostic studies were found in 3 (3.8%) patients. 6 patients (7.5%) took antiosteoporotic drugs before the fracture while 21 (26.3%, p < 0.001) did so after it. A recent Colles' fracture induces few osteoporosis diagnostic studies. However, it leads to a significant increase in the use of antiosteoporotic drugs.

Modification of Surface Charge Properties during Kaolinite to Halloysite-7Å Transformation

The surface charge properties of well and poorly ordered kaolinite and halloysite-7Å, representing three different stages of kaolinite to halloysite-7Å transformation identified in the kaolin deposit of São Vicente de Pereira (Portugal), were studied. Mineralogical (X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformation-infrared) and chemical data (analytic electron microscopy) showed that the gradual transformation from kaolinite to halloysite-7Å minerals was accompanied by an increase in hydration and a decrease in Si/Al ratio. In particular, the replacement of Si(IV) by Al(III) in the tetrahedral layer caused an electrical charge unbalance and a modification of surface charge properties during the kaolinite to halloysite transformation. Accordingly, the cation exchange capacity (CEC) gradually increases when passing from well-ordered kaolinite to halloysite-7Å, attesting the direct correspondence existing among the structural order of the samples, number of tetrahedral substitutions, and CEC. Electrophoretic experiments provided further evidences of the origin of surface charge properties and the variation encountered during kaolinite to halloysite-7Å transformation. The curves of ζ-potential versus pH show the same pH dependency for the three minerals, but a gradual increase of ζ-potential when passing from well ordered kaolinite to halloysite-7Å through the poorly ordered kaolinite. The results can unambiguously be attributed to the increase of permanent charge due to the higher degree of isomorphic substitution, more than to the increase of structural and ionizable water.

From care of the soul to care of the body--a new understanding of the history of nursing

This study relates to the birth and the development of the Company of the Sisters of Charity of São Vicente de Paulo in France since 1633. This study has as its objective historically rebuild the process of creation of the Company of the Sisters of São Vicente de Paulo and the role of Luiza de Marillac and Father Vicente de Paulo in this process, and discuss the importance of this Company for the proposal of a pre-professional nursing care, imposing the bases of what would be called later the nursing techniques. It is a study of social and historical nature, to which I will use Michel Foucault preconceived ideas, regarding the analysis and discussion of the documents under the light of the genealogical analysis. This study focuses mainly the aspects that concern to implementation of a nursing practice towards the care of the sick body, and to the catechisation of the poor and the sick people. It focuses also the importance of Luiza de Marillac as a nurse, master and guide to the other Sisters.

Introduction to typology: The unity and diversity of language By Lindsay J. Whaley (review)

BOOK NOTICES 411 We view this collection of articles not only as a fruitful example of a collaborative research task but also as a valuable contribution to the study of Danish prosody. It should be profitable reading for students and scholars alike and will prove a useful reference book in the study of general prosody. [Pilar Prieto i Vives, Universität de Vic, Spain.] Introduction to typology: The unity and diversity of language. By Lindsay J. Whaley. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications , 1997. Pp. xxvi, 280. Paper $22.95. A broad descriptive overview of the goals, history, and methods of typological analysis as well as a comparison , classification, and explanation of shared properties of the world's languages constitutes the basis of this introductory account. Designed to complement existing introductory books on typology, Introduc tion to typology incorporates developments in the field in the past decade in addition to covering topics such as tense, aspect, subordination, and coordination . Areas of traditional interest to typology (constituent order, morphological types, hierarchies, and animacy I are also addressed Careful attention to organization, definitions, and clarity of presentation promises to make this book a popular reference for students, teachers, and scholars. The book has six parts subdivided into sixteen chapters. The volume also contains a glossary (281-92), references (293-304), an index (305-21), and an introduction, 'The world's languages in overview ' (xvii-xxiii). A map of the languages cited in the book rather than a list would seem more appropriate for an introductory text Part I, 'Basics of language typology', includes four chapters. Ch. 1, 'Introduction to typology and universals ' (3-17), defines language universals and typology Ch. 2, ? (brief) history of typology' (18-29), highlights the major contributions of early typologists (Humboldt, Greenberg, etc ). An engaging discussion of their discoveries, subsequent controversies , and verification of early insights makes for compelling reading. Ch. 3, 'Issues of method and explanation' (30-53), addresses major typological methods and explanations with concomitant controversies . Ch. 4, 'Basic categories' (54-75), considers the approaches and complications of defining lexical classes, semantic roles, and grammatical relations cross-linguistically. Part II, 'Word order typology', includes two chapters . Ch. 5, 'Constituent order universals' (79-95), introduces constituent order and potential correlations with the ordering of syntactic categories. One explanation for these correlations (branching direction theory) demands a more extensive understanding of current syntactic theory than an introductory linguistics course provides. Ch. 6, 'Determining basic constituent order' (96-107), looks at frequency and markedness as tests for determining the basic word order of a language Part III, 'Morphological typology', consists oftwo chapters Ch 7, 'Morphemes' (111-26), a descriptive classification of morphemes, is the basis for the subsequent discussion of the morphological classification of languages in Ch. 8, 'Morphological typology ' (127-48). Relatively recent work on head and dependent marking is included. The remaining three parts compare and classify selected grammatical constructions rather than languages . The chapters are generally descriptive with relatively less explanation given for these constructions . Part IV, 'Encoding relational and semantic properties of nommais' . consists of Ch. 9. 'Case and agreement systems' (151-69), Ch. 10, 'Animacy, defimteness, and gender' (170-81 ); and Ch. 11, 'Valence ' (183-200). Part V, 'Verbal categories', consists of Ch 12, 'Tense and aspect' (203-18); Ch 13. 'Mood and negation' (219-32); and Ch. 14 'Morphosyntax of speech acts' (233-44) Part VI, 'Complex clauses', consists of Ch 14, 'Subordination' (247-66), and Ch. 15, 'Coordination and cosubordination ' (267-80). [Mayrene Bentley. Michigan State University.] Knowledge and skills in translator behaviour. By Wolfram Wilss. (Benjamins translation library, 15.) Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1996. Pp. xiii, 259. Is translation science or art? This false dichotomy is often contemplated but seldom engaged with the same balance and insight as by Wilss. For W. translation studies (TS), combining theory, methodology, and practice (ix). needs to embrace the underlying principle that m translator performance, 'knowledge' and "skills' are inseparable At some point, all translators will ask themselves the question: 'What is actually happening in my mind when I translate?' Grappling with this apparent imponderable , W aims to give his readers 'insight into what translators really do and to explain the concepts and tools of the trade...