Vibratory Pile Research Articles

Field measurements regarding the influence of the installation method on soil plugging in tubular piles

Soil plugging in open-ended piles leads to an increase in compressive bearing capacity but also influences pile driving resistance. Many different factors affect the tendency for soil plugging, for example, pile diameter, penetration depth and installation method. In this paper, the influence of the installation method on soil plugging is investigated. In situ measurements during the installation of two instrumented tubular piles are carried out to investigate the internal and external stresses acting on the pile during the installation process. Furthermore, the cone penetration resistance inside one pile is measured during the installation, and the accelerations and strains at the pile head are monitored to predict the bearing capacity. The installation method is varied between vibratory and impact pile driving. The results show that a significant increase in horizontal stresses inside the pile occurs during impact driving which leads to the conclusion that a soil plug is formed. During vibratory pile driving, no stress increase was observed.

Underwater sound from pile driving and protected marine species issues

With current, wide-spread coastal construction projects and the predicted development of offshore wind energy, there are concerns regarding the potential impacts of underwater sound associated with pile driving activities on protected marine species. The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) works to conserve, protect, and recover a variety of marine species, including marine mammals, marine and anadromous fishes, and sea turtles, protected under the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) and/or Endangered Species Act (ESA). In order to make management decisions for these protected species, we rely on scientific data to inform our policy. However, there are many challenges, including determining appropriate acoustic criteria and metrics for injury and behavioral harassment for impact and vibratory pile driving activities; understanding acoustic propagation in complex environments, especially shallow, coastal areas and throughout sediments; establishing appropriate protocols to mitigate and monitor impacts; and managing uncertainty for the broad number of species under our jurisdiction, who use and depend on sound (pressure and particle motion) in a variety of ways. Thus, we work collaboratively with other federal, state, and local government agencies, academia, nongovernmental agencies, and industry to best assess and manage risk from these activities.

Criteria for selecting the vibratory pile drivers

Criteria for selecting the vibratory pile drivers

Prediction of penetration rate of sheet pile installed in sand by vibratory pile driver

A few full scale field tests were conducted on instrumented steel sheet piles under vibro-driving to find out the characteristics of the dynamic behavior of a sheet pile. These sheet piles were tested for situations with and without clutch friction. Parameters of the proposed vibratory pile driving model were correlated with the blow count (N-value) of the standard penetration test obtained from the test site. By comparing the peak amplitude of the section forces at the sheet pile heads for situations with and without clutch friction, it was found that the peak section forces for a sheet pile with clutch friction were greater than those without clutch friction and also that the distribution of the clutch friction was not constant with penetration depth. The assumption of sheet pile rigidity, which is essential for the proposed vibratory pile driving model, was shown to be justifiable from the test results. The efficiency ratio, which is defined as the ratio between the amplitude of the actual driving force and the theoretical driving force, was derived for all considered depths, and the average value of the efficiency ratios was 0.18. A computer program for the predicting the penetration rate of a sheet pile was developed by incorporating the modified Ramberg-Osgood model, which simulates the dynamic load transfer characteristics of a sheet pile. Both the predicted load transfer characteristics and the predicted penetration rates of a sheet pile agreed well with the measured values obtained from field tests.

Dynamic Simulation of the Pile-Soil Interaction in the Vibratory Pile Driving Process

In the pile driving process, the soil dynamic performance and the dynamic contact on the interface are very complex. In order to analyze the interactions between the pile and soil, the simulation model of the pile-soil system is created by the finite element software. The numerical solution and the displacement curves of the pile are obtained based on suitable parameters of the pile-soil system and the D-P criterion. Then the amplitude and the frequency of the exciting force as well as the stiffness and the damping of the soil are changed to obtain the displacement curves of the pile. Through the comparisons between the curves, the influences on the pile driving process coming from the exciting force and other parameters are found out.

Influence of Vibration on Interface Friction of Pile-Soil System

Based on the model of effective friction coefficient, the change tendency of effective friction coefficient under different harmonic forces and the method of improving its decrease rate have been studied. The model of vibratory piling machine has been taken as a research object for friction reduction, and the stress of soil particles and the situation of friction resistance on pile surface have been analyzed while sinking the pile. The effect on interface friction of pile-soil system under vibration, caused by the depth of pile sinking, pile structure parameters and vibration acceleration, has also been studied, so that an effective method of decreasing interface friction can be found. Thus, the sinking efficiency would be improved by being analyzed, evaluated and parameter optimized.

Acoustics During the Vibratory Pile Driving of Sheet Piles: Measurement Conditions and Key Parameters of the Noise Generation

This paper studies the sound generation during the vibratory pile driving of double sheet piles for different cross-sections with the aims to give guidelines how to make high-quality acoustic measurements and to find the key parameters of this noise generation. These objectives are reached by studying the assumed hypotheses when performing the acoustic measurements and by using a beamforming system; details about the vibratory pile driving are also given to obtain reproducible and representative measurements. The experiment results confirm some previously presented hypotheses and show two key parameters involved in the sound generation: the space between the welds of the common interlock of a double sheet pile and the wall height above the soil of a neighbouring wall.

Influence of pile installation on adjacent structures

AbstractPile installation leads to significant changes in the main state variables of the surrounding soil. In addition, the installation process may have an influence on adjacent or intersecting structures such as pile grillages. In this paper, three‐dimensional numerical analyses are presented to investigate the effects of pile driving with open or closed cross‐sections on the surrounding soil and on adjacent structures. Two different installation methods are used: quasi‐static pile jacking and vibratory pile driving. The numerical models are evaluated and verified using data from field tests performed in situ during the construction of the quay wall at the container terminal CT4 in Bremerhaven.Two case studies are presented to characterize the main influence factors for additional loading on adjacent structures due to pile installation.Finally, a parametric study is conducted showing the influence of the installation method, pile cross‐section and distance of a pile from an existing structure on the additional loading for this structure. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

강널말뚝의 횡방향 진동모델에 대한 매개변수 연구

이 연구에서는 진동타입기에 의해 시공되는 강널말뚝의 횡방향진동모델에 대해 횡방향스프링상수를 달리하여 횡방향진동에 따른 에너지손실 및 하중감소계수에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 강널말뚝의 자유길이에 따른 에너지손실과 하중감소계수는 계산에서 고려한 횡방향스프링상수의 크기에 관계없이 강널말뚝의 휨강성보다는 편심거리의 크기에 영향을 크게 받는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 계산에서 고려한 횡방향 스프링상수값, 10000N/m 이상일 경우 말뚝의 자유길이에 따른 하중감소계수가 수렴함을 알 수 있었다. Influence of lateral spring constant on energy dissipation and load reduction factor with erespect to lateral vibration of steel sheet pile installed by vibratory pile driver. Energy dissipation and load reduction factor varying with free length of steel sheet pile are more affected by eccentricity than flexural rigidity of steel sheet pile regardless of the magnitudes of lateral spring constants. Load reduction factors were converged when lateral spring constant was equal or larger than 10000N/m.

Study on Characteristics of Vibration Friction for Pile-Soil System

Vibratory pile driver-extractor is broadly applied in civil constructions, but the friction vibration theory and dynamic characteristics of friction vibration are not studied well. In this paper, the vibration friction characteristics and dynamics of pile driving process are studied based on nonlinear dynamics and friction theory. A dynamic model of system is established firstly, and then nonlinear dynamic principle and working process are studied in details. The simulation results can provide useful guidance for both vibration friction research in engineering and design in the development of such machines.

Prediction of free field vibrations due to pile driving using a dynamic soil–structure interaction formulation

This paper presents a numerical model for the prediction of free field vibrations due to vibratory and impact pile driving. As the focus is on the response in the far field where deformations are relatively small, a linear elastic constitutive behaviour is assumed for the soil. The free field vibrations are calculated by means of a coupled FE–BE model based on a subdomain formulation. First, the case of vibratory pile driving is considered, where the contributions of different types of waves are investigated for several penetration depths. In the near field, the soil response is dominated by a vertically polarized shear wave, whereas in the far field, body waves are importantly attenuated and Rayleigh waves dominate the ground vibration. Second, the case of impact pile driving is considered. A linear wave equation model is used to estimate the impact force during the driving process. Apart from the response of a homogeneous halfspace, it is also investigated how the soil stratification influences the ground vibration for the case of a soft layer on a stiffer halfspace. When the penetration depth is smaller than the layer thickness, the layered medium has no significant influence on ground vibrations. However, when the penetration depth is larger than the layer thickness, the influence of the layered medium becomes more significant. The computed ground vibrations are finally compared with field measurements reported in the literature.

초고주파 진동항타기의 구동 성능향상을 위한 파라미터 설계 및 항타진동의 전달과 감쇠특성에 관한 연구

This paper suggests the 2 D.O.F mathematical model of the High Frequency Vibro-Hammer (HFVH), introduces an experimental method for measuring of the attenuation of piling vibration and proves what experiments are coincident with the equation of wave propagation. As vibratory installation of piles and casings has many economic merits in the construction field, most of all contractors prefer to vibratory pile<br/> driving method than the other. Compared to impact pile driving, vibratory installation has the advantage of reducing vibration or noise pollution and can drive piles under high frequency. Experiments serve estimations of capabilities and limitations of the HFVH's excitation force and finding of sensitivity for important soil resistance parameters. Also, we discuss the HFVH that can drive with three kinds of input waves (triangular, sine and square wave) and propose the design of parameters to improve actuating performance in it.<br/>

Mathematical models in natural science and engineering

Dynamic system.- Fluid flowing-out from a vessel.- Equilibrium and auto-oscillations of fluid level in a vessel with simultaneous inflow and outflow.- Transitive process, equilibrium state and auto-oscillations.- Dynamics of water level in a reservoired hydropower station.- Energetic model of a heart.- Soiling a water reservoir with a bay and the Caspian Sea puzzles.- Exponential processes.- Populations coexistence dynamics.- Flow biological reactor.- Mathematical model of an immune response of a living organism to an infectious invastion.- Mathematic model for the community 'Manufacturers-Products-Managers'.- Linear oscillator.- Electromechanical analogies. Lagrange-Maxwell equations.- Galileo-Huygens watch.- Generator of electric oscillations.- Soft and hard regimes of exciting auto-oscillations.- Stochastic oscillator.- Instability and auto-oscillations caused by friction.- Forced oscillations of a linear oscillator.- Parametric excitation and stabilization.- Normal oscillations and beatings.- Stabilizing an inverted pendulum.- Controllable pendulum and a two-legged pacing.- Dynamic models for games, teaching and rational behaviour.- Perceptron and pattern recognition.- Kepler laws and the two-body problem solved by Newton.- Distributed dynamic models in mechanics and physics.- Fundamental solution of the thermal conductivity equation.- Travelling waves and the dispersion equation.- Faraday-Maxwell theory of electromagnetism and Maxwell-Hertz electromagnetic waves.- Wave reflection and refraction.- Standing waves and oscillations of a bounded string.- Microparticle.- Space and time.- Speeding up relativistic microparticles in a cyclotron.- Mathematics as a language and as an operating system and models.- Geometrical, physical, analogous, mathematical and imitative types of modelling.- General scheme of methematical modelling.- Models of vibratory pile driving.- The fundamental mathematical model of the modern science and the theory of oscillations.- Mathematicalmodel as a fruitful idea of research. D-partition.- Idealization, mathematical correctness and reality.- Dynamical interpretation of the least square method and global searching optimization with an adaptive model.- Theoretic game model of the human society.

TRANSVIB 2002 International Conference on Vibratory Pile Driving and Deep Soil Compaction

TRANSVIB 2002 International Conference on Vibratory Pile Driving and Deep Soil Compaction

TRANSVIB 2002 International Conference on Vibratory Pile Driving and Deep Soil Compaction

BautechnikVolume 78, Issue 12 p. 909-909 Termine TRANSVIB 2002 International Conference on Vibratory Pile Driving and Deep Soil Compaction First published: 28 March 2013 https://doi.org/10.1002/bate.200106180AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume78, Issue12December 2001Pages 909-909 RelatedInformation

Amplitude and frequency control of a vibratory pile driver

This paper describes the digital control of a vibratory pile driver in which the vibration is generated via two tandem pairs of electrically driven, geared, contra-rotating eccentrics. Experimental results are included to show the controller-induced system dynamics for a variety of load conditions, and to highlight the fact that, if the relative phase of the eccentric pairs is not controlled, the natural tendency at high excitation frequency is for the pile driver to operate with a low vibration amplitude. An analytical technique for identifying the system parameters is presented, and analytical performance predictions are compared with experimental results. Analysis of the power flow in the system shows that, although significant power transfer occurs between the two electrical drives, the net power dissipation during pile driving is relatively low.

Modelling of vibratory pile driving in sand : Wong, D; O'Neill, M W; Vipulanandan, C Int J Num Anal Meth GeomechV16, N3, March 1992, P189–210

Modelling of vibratory pile driving in sand : Wong, D; O'Neill, M W; Vipulanandan, C Int J Num Anal Meth GeomechV16, N3, March 1992, P189–210

Modelling of vibratory pile driving in sand

AbstractA model for vibro‐driving of rigid piles in sand is proposed incorporating the interaction of the vibrator–pile–soil system. The vibro‐driver force and the non‐linear soil resistance (dynamic f–w and q–w relationships) have been quantified in terms of in situ stress, relative density and particle size. The influence of relative density (0·65 and 0·90), particle size (effective grain size of 0·2 mm and 1·2 mm) and in situ stress (up to 20 psi) on the vibro‐driving of a closed‐ended pipe pile was investigated experimentally using a large‐scale laboratory testing system. The vibro‐driving model predicted the observed driving history reasonably well. A computer program (UHVIBRO) has been developed to analyse vibratory pile driving using the dynamic soil resistance relationships developed along with correlation factors from the systematic laboratory study.

Numerical studies of vibratory pile driving : Smith, I M; To, P Int J Num Anal Meth GeomechV12, N5, Sept–Oct 1988, P513–531

Numerical studies of vibratory pile driving : Smith, I M; To, P Int J Num Anal Meth GeomechV12, N5, Sept–Oct 1988, P513–531

Numerical studies of vibratory pile driving

AbstractThe processes underlying pile installation by vibratory loading rather than impact loading are complex. However, numerical studies using simple models for soil behaviour do throw some light on the basic dynamic processes involved. As better soil models become widely used, quantitative analyses using the techniques described, or simplifications of them, should be feasible.