Vibrational Distribution Research Articles

Physics Visualization of Schwarzschild Black Hole through Graphic Representation of the Regge-Wheeler Equation using R-Studio Approach

This study aims to visualize the vibrations of black holes using the Regge-Wheeler equation in Cartesian coordinates. Black holes are astrophysical objects with extremely strong gravity, and understanding the vibrations around them provides insights into the nature and structure of black holes. The Regge-Wheeler equation is used to model these vibrations. In this study, the goal is to generate visual images that visualize the vibrations of black holes, including their frequencies, amplitudes, and possible vibration modes. Complex mathematical and computational methods were employed to create these visualizations. The findings of this research result in an intuitive and accurate visualizations of black hole vibrations. By observing the patterns and distributions of vibrations in visual form, complex concepts can be more easily understood and interpreted. These visualizations provide a better understanding of the characteristics of black hole vibrations and can serve as learning and comprehension tools for scientists and researchers. The accomplishment of this research addresses a deficiency in prior studies that lacked informative and intuitive visualizations of black hole vibration phenomena. The visualizations produced in this study make a significant contribution to our understanding of black hole vibration phenomena. The enhanced visualizations allow researchers to perceive patterns and distributions of vibrations more clearly, paving the way for new insights into the nature of black holes. The implications of this research are an improved understanding of black hole vibrations and a broader dissemination of knowledge about this phenomenon to the general public. The generated images can help communicate complex concepts more effectively, enhancing awareness and interest in black hole research.

Effect of ultrasonic intensity on microstructure and mechanical properties of steel alloy in direct energy deposition-Arc

To study the effect of ultrasonic intensity on the microstructure and mechanical properties during the direct energy deposition-Arc (DED-Arc) of ER70S-6 steel alloy, an ultrasound assisted DED-Arc system was developed by coupling ultrasonic energy with the electric arc deposition process. The propagation and vibration distribution of ultrasound in the substrate were analyzed by numerical simulation method. Deposition layers were fabricated using different ultrasonic amplitudes, and the microstructure, microhardness and tensile properties of the fabricated parts were systematically investigated. The results show that as the ultrasonic intensity increased, the grain refinement area expanded from the center of the molten pool to the surrounding area, and the grain morphology transforms from coarse columnar grains to fine equiaxed grains. When the ultrasonic amplitude was 15 μm, the grain refinement area of the cross-section was 94.6%, the average grain size was significantly increased to about grade 6. The microhardness increased by 10.6%. Thousands of ultrasonic cavitation events not only enhance the supercooling and wettability of the melt pool to promote nucleation, but also break the columnar grains into small grains by intense shock waves, which significantly improve the microstructure homogeneity and mechanical properties. The research provides an alternative approach to overcoming the long-standing problem of coarse columnar grains in the field of DED-Arc.

An Investigation on the Molecular Structure, Anti-Inflammatory Ability of (E) -3-(3-Chlorophenyl)- N-(4-Hydroxy-3-Methoxy Benzyl) Acryl Amide: DFT Calculations and Docking Simulations

The present work identified to study of the structural parameters and anti-inflammatory activity of (E)-3-(3-chlorophenyl)-N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzyl) acryl amide by using theoretical techniques. Vibrational distributions were carried out by using VEDA software. The NPA of the title compound was determined. The intra-molecular interactions and hyper-conjugative interactions were determined by using NBO analysis. The FMO analysis was used to identify the chemical stability of the title compound. The Topology analyses of (E) −3-(3-chlorophenyl)-N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzyl) acryl amide was determined using MULTIWFN software. Molecular electrostatic potential exhibits the nucleophilic attack and electrophilic attack region of the title compound. Hirschfeld surface analysis of (E)-3-(3-chlorophenyl)-N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzyl) acryl amide was done and the obtained fingerprint plots reveal the interactions within the compound. Molecular docking was done on the (E)-3-(3-chlorophenyl)- N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzyl) acryl amide with TRPV1, DNA, and BSA to study the hydrogen bond energy interaction. To identify the pharmacokinetic nature of the title compound using the SWISSADME online tool.

Revealing Intramolecular Isotope Effects with Chemical-Bond Precision.

Isotope substitution of a molecule not only changes its vibrational frequencies but also changes its vibrational distributions in real-space. Quantitatively measuring the isotope effects inside a polyatomic molecule requires both energy and spatial resolutions at the single-bond level, which has been a long-lasting challenge in macroscopic techniques. By achieving ångström resolution in tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), we record the corresponding local vibrational modes of pentacene and its fully deuterated form, enabling us to identify and measure the isotope effect of each vibrational mode. The measured frequency ratio νH/νD varies from 1.02 to 1.33 in different vibrational modes, indicating different isotopic contributions of H/D atoms, which can be distinguished from TERS maps in real-space and well described by the potential energy distribution simulations. Our study demonstrates that TERS can serve as a non-destructive and highly sensitive methodology for isotope detection and recognition with chemical-bond precision.

Acoustic underwater propulsion system based on ultrasonic disc PZT transducer

An autonomous swimmer with the acoustic propulsion system is proposed and evaluated in novel area of acoustofluidic actuation. The ultrasonic transducer has the same or higher propulsion power with the nanometer/micrometer vibration amplitude and the MHz/kHz frequency, compared with the locomotion of jellyfish body. The sound pressure and flow velocity measurements demonstrate the higher-pressure gradient and fluid downstream to investigate the acoustic propulsion force generated by pushing the surrounding water rearward. The performance of acoustic propulsion system is thus evaluated based on the sound pressure and flow velocity measurements equivalently. The vibration distributions in the transducer surface exhibit a ripple effect and gradually decayed from the center to the edge. The radial distributions of the sound pressure and flow velocity in water match the surface vibration amplitudes for thickness-vibration-mode. Based on the investigation of two thickness-vibration-mode PZT disc transducers, the longitudinal sound pressure and flow velocity in the normal direction result in ZSP force. The power radiated by the longitudinal vibration on the surface of the transducer is shown to be the main cause of the propulsion power. The propulsion calculation with vibration velocity is studied to evaluate the propulsion force. For an input power, the acoustic propulsion system with a higher Q-factor transducer has better performance. Autonomous underwater acoustic propulsion systems have a small size, high power density, and a simple structure, making them suitable for pipeline robots, endovascular microrobots, and underwater drones.

Modification of ground-state chemical reactivity via light-matter coherence in infrared cavities.

Reaction-rate modifications for chemical processes due to strong coupling between reactant molecular vibrations and the cavity vacuum have been reported; however, no currently accepted mechanisms explain these observations. In this work, reaction-rate constants were extracted from evolving cavity transmission spectra, revealing resonant suppression of the intracavity reaction rate for alcoholysis of phenyl isocyanate with cyclohexanol. We observed up to an 80% suppression of the rate by tuning cavity modes to be resonant with the reactant isocyanate (NCO) stretch, the product carbonyl (CO) stretch, and cooperative reactant-solvent modes (CH). These results were interpreted using an open quantum system model that predicted resonant modifications of the vibrational distribution of reactants from canonical statistics as a result of light-matter quantum coherences, suggesting links to explore between chemistry and quantum science.

(1E)-1-(2-pyrazinyl)ethanone thiosemicarbazone (PT) as a tyrosinase inhibitor with anti-browning activity: Spectroscopy, DFT and molecular docking studies

In this study, (1E)-1-(2-Pyrazinyl)ethanone thiosemicarbazone (PT) was synthesized and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR ) and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13CNMR ) spectroscopy. The vibrational frequencies were analysed using the Vibrational Energy Distribution Analysis (VEDA) program. The chemical properties of PT, including electron density distribution and intramolecular interactions, were characterized using in-silico methods based on Mulliken atomic charges, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), quantum theory of atoms in molecules and reduced density gradient noncovalent interaction approaches. PT exhibits a significant inhibitory effect on enzymatic browning (6 and 24 h) and tyrosinase enzymes (IC50 = 7.75 μM). Kinetic analysis shows that PT is a mixed-type inhibitor, with respective Km and Vmax values of 0.632 mM and 0.0044 μM/s, and that it forms a reversible enzyme-inhibitor interaction. The PT-tyrosinase interaction was experimentally evaluated based on 1D, second derivatives of 1D, 2D and 3D IR spectroscopy. Furthermore, analysis of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretions and toxicity properties revealed good physicochemical properties of PT according to the drug scores and Lipinski's Rule of Five. Lastly, the mechanisms of PT against tyrosinase were visualized and supported by means of a molecular docking approach.

Experimental and computational studies of organic 4-[[(4-chlorophenyl)imino]methyl]phenol single crystals for optic and biological applications

The organic 4-[[(4-chlorophenyl)imino]methyl]phenol single crystals were grown by slow evaporation growth technique. Single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies reveal that the grown crystal belongs to an orthorhombic crystal system with centrosymmetric space group Pbcn. The molecular geometric parameters and the vibrational frequencies of the grown crystal were calculated with the aid of density functional theory (DFT). The detailed interpretation of FTIR and FT-Raman spectra was carried out with the help of vibrational energy distribution analysis (VEDA 4.0) and the wavenumbers were scaled by the wavenumber linear scaling (WLS) method. The UV–Vis spectrum was recorded in the range of 200–800 nm. The intramolecular electronic transitions and their stabilization energy were carried out using NBO analysis. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and their energy gap values were calculated by the computational analysis of the molecule using the DFT approach. Hirshfeld surface analysis was carried out to identify the intermolecular interactions visibly. The thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analyses (DTA) techniques were used to determine the thermal properties of the grown crystal. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were calculated using the Coats-Redfern and Broido methods. The electron localization descriptors, such as the Electron Localization Function (ELF) and the Localized Orbital Locator (LOL), are calculated. Reduced Density Gradient (RDG) analysis was used to identify the non-covalent interactions. A molecular docking study was performed using six protein receptors. The antidiabetic activities were analyzed.

Two-Temperature Modeling of Nonequilibrium Relaxation and Dissociation in Shock-Heated Oxygen

Two-temperature models for coupled vibrational relaxation and dissociation in shock-heated oxygen are assessed using low-uncertainty measured data from reflected shock tube experiments. A computationally efficient multistep technique is developed to model the unsteady dynamics of shock reflection in a relaxing and dissociating gas. The developed technique is then benchmarked through comparison with unsteady computational fluid dynamic simulations. Results from the benchmarking effort demonstrate that the adopted multistep modeling procedure accurately captures the dominant gas dynamic effects influencing the state of the test gas at the measurement location. A parametric study is then performed to assess several combinations of possible two-temperature modeling approaches for nonequilibrium oxygen dissociation. The current assessment demonstrates that the widely adopted Park model is inconsistent with the measured data, while the recently developed modified Marrone and Treanor (MMT) model demonstrates promising agreement with the data. The results of the present study clearly indicate that the MMT model is more appropriate for two-temperature modeling of nonequilibrium oxygen dissociation than the legacy Park model. Patterns in the parametric comparison also suggest that the approximate treatment of non-Boltzmann vibrational state distributions within the MMT model may require improvement.

Electromagnetic noise analysis of servomotor used in secondary water supply equipment

The servo motor has the characteristics of high precision, high speed and stable operation, but it will produce large electromagnetic noise in the process of using, which will affect the user experience. Based on the ANSYS multi-physics finite element analysis platform, this paper studies the electrical noise characteristics of servo motors used in a secondary water supply equipment under different speed conditions. The time and space distribution characteristics of the radial electromagnetic force acting on the motor stator are obtained by electromagnetic field analysis and modal analysis respectively. The natural frequency of the motor structure modal mode can also be obtained from these analyses. The causes of large electromagnetic noise were analyzed from the aspects of radial electromagnetic force and structural mode, and the position distribution of large vibration on the motor is obtained by harmonic response analysis. On this basis, the sound pressure level distribution of servo electromagnetic noise at different frequencies is obtained through acoustic simulation, which has referential significance for noise prediction and shell noise reduction optimization of related servo motors.

Concerted stereodynamics of chemical changes: The branching selectivity in the photodissociation of asymmetric‐top molecules, formic acid, and the cold reactivity of the H + H2 exchange reaction

AbstractThis review article presents our recent examples of the branching selectivity in the photodissociation of asymmetric‐top molecules, halothane CF3CHBrCl and isohaloethane CF2BrCHFCl. The former gave the unexpected branching ratio of ([Cl] + [Cl*])/([Br] + [Br*])2 for the Br, Br* and Cl, Cl* atom fragmentations, meaning that the strongly bounded Cl‐C bond gave twice favorable fragmentation, while the later isohaloethane gave almost the same value for all‐atom fragmentations. We interpret this result due to the curve crossing of electronically excited states and the non‐adiabatic interaction on the excited states. The bimodal vibrational distribution of the product CO fragment in the formic acid photodissociation at 193 nm evidenced a roaming signature by using the μs time‐resolved Fourier‐transform infrared emission spectra for the first time. We find the characteristic propensity rule in the time‐dependent interaction potential to judge reactivity in the H + H2 exchange reaction and the roaming‐type of trajectory at temperature 3 K, by use of the impact‐parameter dependent quasi‐classical trajectory simulation, based on the present results, we conclude that reaction dynamics proceeds not only by the prerequisite of energy conservation but also by the timing of the time‐dependent interaction potential which is very sensitive to the steric configuration of reaction intermediate, thus it may be called as the concerted stereodynamics.

Phase-based vibration imaging for structural dynamics applications: Marker-free full-field displacement measurements with confidence measures

Inspired by the concept of thermal imaging, we develop a phase-based vibration imaging technique using marker-free full-field displacement measurements, which aims to determine vibrational energy distribution and possibly vibration parameters as the thermal imaging determining thermal energy distribution using colormap. In this study, accurate full-field measurements are conducted at the sub-pixel level by performing a full-field phase-based optical flow with three novel progresses. First, an image-preprocessing Gaussian smoothing gradient is applied to reduce the nonlinear phase caused by homogenous patterns and image noise. Second, two confidence measures (phase nonlinearity and filter response) are adopted to obtain reliable displacement measurements estimated from the multi-scale and multi-direction phases. Third, the combination of vector average and the intersection of constraints ensure the accuracy of integrating every pixel’s displacement components. The vibrations can then be imaged by analyzing the acquired full-field displacements using techniques such as mean absolute deviation and frequency analyses. The capability of the proposed technique is demonstrated through numerical experiments using artificial patterns. After then, experimental validation is performed, which includes full-field operational deflection shape extraction on a 5-story structure and vibration imaging of an in-service hydrogen charging station, further proving the effectiveness of the proposed vibration imaging technique.

Resonance-state selective photodissociation dynamics of OCS + hv → CS(X1Σ+) + O(3Pj=2,1,0) via the 21Σ+ state.

Understanding vacuum ultraviolet photodissociation dynamics of Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is of considerable importance in the study of atmospheric chemistry. Yet, photodissociation dynamics of the CS(X1Σ+) + O(3Pj=2,1,0) channels following excitation to the 21Σ+(ν1',1,0) state has not been clearly understood so far. Here, we investigate the O(3Pj=2,1,0) elimination dissociation processes in the resonance-state selective photodissociation of OCS between 147.24 and 156.48nm by using the time-sliced velocity-mapped ion imaging technique. The total kinetic energy release spectra are found to exhibit highly structured profiles, indicative of the formation of a broad range of vibrational states of CS(1Σ+). The fitted CS(1Σ+) vibrational state distributions differ for the three 3Pj spin-orbit states, but a general trend of the inverted characteristics is observed. Additionally, the wavelength-dependent behaviors are also observed in the vibrational populations for CS(1Σ+, v). The CS(X1Σ+, v = 0) has a significantly strong population at several shorter wavelengths, and the most populated CS(X1Σ+, v) is gradually transferred to a higher vibrational state with the decrease in the photolysis wavelength. The measured overall β-values for the three 3Pj spin-orbit channels slightly increase and then abruptly decrease as the photolysis wavelength increases, while the vibrational dependences of β-values show an irregularly decreasing trend with increasing CS(1Σ+) vibrational excitation at all studied photolysis wavelengths. The comparison of the experimental observations for this titled channel and the S(3Pj) channel reveals that two different intersystem crossing mechanisms may be involved in the formation of the CS(X1Σ+) + O(3Pj=2,1,0) photoproducts via the 21Σ+ state.

Vibration Distribution Measurement of Car Door and Engine Head Using OPPA Vibration Distribution Analyzer

In order to address the issue of vibration, it is crucial to accurately measure the vibration distribution. The authors previously developed the one-pitch phase analysis (OPPA) method, which allows for rapidly capturing the three-dimensional shape of a flat object. By integrating this method into a system, an OPPA vibration distribution measurement system was created, utilizing a line light source consisting of LEDs or optical fibers and also a high-speed camera to measure the vibrations of three-dimensional objects without physical contact. To further extend the application of the OPPA method to larger objects, such as cars, in this paper, a new system is introduced using a commercially available projector using a liquid crystal display (LCD) instead of a liner light source and a glass grating. This new system, which employs an ultra-short throw projector, is highly sensitive in displacement measurements and provides a wide-area analysis. These kinds of projectors produce noises at the frequency of the cooling fan and the refresh rate of the LCD. However, in this study, these noise sources were also examined. The capabilities of the new system are demonstrated through its application to the measurement of vibrations in a car door and an engine head. The measurement system and examples of its application are presented.

Transformer fault diagnosis based on probabilistic neural networks combined with vibration and noise characteristics

When the transformer is running, the vibration which is generated in the core and winding will spread outward through the medium of metal, oil, and air. The magnetic field of the core changes with the variation of the transformer excitation source and the state of the core, so the corresponding vibration and noise change. Therefore, the vibration and noise of the transformer contain a lot of information. If the information can be associated with the fault characteristics of the transformer, it is significant to evaluate the running state of the transformer through the vibration and noise signal, which improve the intelligence, safety, and stability of the transformer operation. Based on this, modeling and simulation of transformer multi-point grounding, DC bias, and short-circuit between silicon steel sheets fault are first carried out in this paper, and vibration and noise distribution of transformer under different faults are given. Second, a fault diagnosis method based on transformer vibration and noise characteristics is proposed. In the process of implementation, vibration and noise signals under multi-point grounding, DC bias, and short-circuit between silicon steel sheets are taken as the sample data, and the probabilistic neural network algorithm is used to effectively predict the transformer fault. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified by identifying the simulation faults-the proposed fault diagnosis method based on PNN can be effectively applied to transformer.

Nascent Vibrational Energy Distribution of CS(X1Σ+) Generated in the S(1D) + CS2 Reaction.

The internal energy distributions of reaction products are important information in clarifying the mechanism of chemical reactions. There are few reports of the nascent vibrational energy distribution of CS(X1Σ+) generated in the S(1D) + CS2 reaction. As long as S(1D) is produced by photodissociation of CS2, CS(X1Σ+), as a product of the chemical reaction and as a photoproduct of CS2 is indistinguishable. In this study, S(1D) was generated by the photolysis of OCS at 248 nm, where CS2 hardly dissociates, and CS(X1Σ+) was generated only by the S(1D) + CS2 reaction. The vibrational levels v″ = 0-6 of CS(X1Σ+) were detected with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) via the A1Π-X1Σ+ transition. The identical time profiles of the LIF intensities showed that all the vibrational levels were produced by the S(1D) + CS2 reaction. The relative nascent vibrational populations of CS(X1Σ+) determined from the area intensities of the excitation spectra are 1.00 ± 0.11/0.58 ± 0.06/0.31 ± 0.03/0.078 ± 0.009/0.013 ± 0.001/<0.002/<0.002 (the values for v″ = 5 and 6 are the upper limits) for v″ = 0/1/2/3/4/5/6. The distribution agrees well with the statistical (prior) distribution.

Signatures of Reaction Mechanisms Encoded in the Vibrational Population Distribution of Small-Molecule Products: Photodissociation of Symmetric-Triazine Using 266 nm Radiation

We utilize rotationally resolved Chirped-Pulse Fourier Transform millimeter-wave spectroscopy to study photodissociation dynamics of 1,3,5-Triazine (symmetric-Triazine) to form 3 HCN molecules. The state-specific vibrational population distribution (VPD) of the photofragments contains mechanistic details of the reaction. This photodissociation is performed using 266 nm radiation transverse to a seeded supersonic jet. The vibrational cooling inefficiency in the jet preserves the VPD of the photofragments, while rotational cooling enhances the signal of low-J pure-rotational transitions. The multiplexed nature of the spectrometer enables simultaneous sampling of several "vibrational satellites" of the J = 1 ← 0 transition of HCN. Excited state populations along the HCN bend (v2) and CN stretch (v3) modes are observed, which show ≥3.2% vibrational excitation of the photofragments. Observation of an at least bimodal VPD, along the even-v states of v2, implies an asymmetric partitioning of vibrational energy among the HCN photofragments. This suggests a sequential dissociation mechanism of symmetric-Triazine initiated by 266 nm radiation.

DFT study of molecular interaction between Menthol and Myristic Acid

Menthol is used to treat minor aches and pains of the joints and muscles, whereas Myristic Acid is a surfactant, emulsifier and cleansing agent and plays various roles in the cosmetic industry, even as a lubricant. Considering their extensive pharmaceutical usage and cosmetic value, the molecular interaction between Menthol and Myristic Acid is investigated in our current work. Density Functional Theory at B3LYP/6–311 + G (d, p) basis state is employed to study the interacting mechanisms of the two compounds. The occurrence of a charge transfer path between Menthol and Myristic Acid is confirmed by second-order delocalization energies E(2) using the natural bond orbital (NBO) study. The atom in molecule (AIM) study is performed using Multiwfn Software. Thefrontier molecular orbitals(FMOs) and molecularelectrostatic potential(MEP) of the complex were analyzed by theoretical calculations. The detailed analysis of the vibrational spectra has been carried out using the Vibrational Energy Distribution Analysis (VEDA) program. The theoretical and experimental FTIR vibrational spectra are compared and found in good correlation. Molecular docking analysis of the complex with the protein receptor 5KF4 PDB ID has been performed using Autodock tool and binding energy is −4.07 kcal/mol.

Studies on crystal growth, experimental, structural, DFT, optical, thermal and biological studies of 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde single crystals

The organic 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde single crystal has been grown by the slow evaporation technique. Single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) study shows that the grown crystal belongs to a monoclinic crystal system with centrosymmetric space group P21/c. The spectral analysis of 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde calculations was performed with the help of DFT at the B3LYP/6-311 + G(d,p) level of theory. The experimental results of FTIR and FT-Raman were compared with the computational results. Detailed interpretations of the vibrational spectra were carried out with the aid of vibrational energy distribution analysis using potential energy distribution (PED) analysis and vibrational wavenumber scaled by the WLS (Wavenumber Linear Scaling) method. The natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis was carried out to identify intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The optical properties of the grown crystal were analyzed by UV–Visible studies. Photoluminescence studies show that the high-intensity peak observed around 410 nm. The laser damage threshold value of the grown crystal has been determined using an Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm. The HOMO (Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital) – LUMO (Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital) was used to identify the energy gap. Hirshfeld Surface (HS) analysis was used to determine the intermolecular interactions. The thermal properties of the grown crystal were performed by Thermogravimetric (TG) and Differential thermal analyses (DTA). The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were calculated. The surface morphology of the grown crystal was studied by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. The antibacterial and antifungal studies were analyzed.

Characteristics and Energy Distribution of Blast-Induced Ground Vibration in Deep-Hole Blasting

This study proposes an incremental extreme extraction method based on the waveform characteristics of ground vibration signals obtained from open-pit mines to investigate the distribution and characteristics of ground vibration from deep-hole blasting. Firstly, an incremental extreme extraction method is proposed based on the waveform characteristics of borehole blasting vibration signals in open-pit mines. The proposed method could extract and screen the extreme values of blasting vibration signals and effectively improve the utilization rate of the data. The space vector of particle vibration is introduced to analyze the angle change between the particle velocity vector and the ground surface when the extreme value increases. Finally, the relation between the particle velocity vector and the angle between the ground plane and the increasing extremum position of several sets of measured signals is studied. Based on the statistical analysis, the results show that the particle velocity in the vertical direction has a significant advantage over that of the other two directions, and the angle between the extreme particle velocity vector direction and the ground plane is primarily distributed in the range of 60°~90°. After an unstable distribution of particle velocities in the transition zone, the particle velocities in each direction gradually attain a relatively balanced and stable attenuation condition as the distance increases. This proves the reliability of the proposed vector analysis of particle velocity in understanding the mechanism of rock blasting.