Viable Enterprise Research Articles

From Short-Term Risk to Long-Term Strategic Challenges: Reviewing the Consequences of Geopolitics and COVID-19 on Economic Performance

The COVID-19 crisis and the war between Russia and Ukraine affects the world economy badly. The western countries’ economic sanctions on Russia and the Russian government’s reverse sanctions on western countries create pressure on the world economy. This study was conducted to investigate how the economic performance is responding to COVID-19 and the geopolitical crisis of the era. In doing so, both theoretical and numerical data reviews have been performed. The objective of the study is to investigate the short-term risks and long-term strategic challenges of the crisis. The study used a bibliometric approach with the help of RStudio software. The Web of Science database was used for extracting the resources in line with the grey literature from the Google Search engine. A total of 895 documents were utilized in this bibliometric analysis. At the same time, secondary panel data extracted from the international monetary fund (IMF) for a period of 4 years (2019–2022) were utilized for reviewing numerical implications. The purposive sampling technique is used for data selection and main economic variables. The findings of the study imply that countries over the world registered less economic growth, high inflation rate, and high government debt in 2022 compared to the fiscal period of 2019–2021. The emerging economies and developing countries of Europe were badly affected by the crisis as the level of inflation rate hit 27 percent and the economic growth of the region registered a negative 2.9 percent. The study also found rising interest rates, exchange rate volatility, risk of stagflation, and rising energy prices are the short-term risks to economies. The issue of sustainable development goals and green aspects, risk of hyperinflation, and risk of economic recession are the long-term strategic challenges or risks to economies. Bailout and debt relief were found to be necessary for those countries badly affected by the crisis. Policymakers should facilitate financial policies and should switch from general assistance to targeted support of viable enterprises.

English

With the increased use of technology in agriculture, new improved farming and varieties of seeds have been adopted. The study explored how the interaction among the actors helped in sharing vital information on market shares of improved cowpea and relative to improved beans. A cross-sectional research design was used, while quantitative and qualitative approaches were adopted. The respondents were purposively selected because of their expert knowledge in the study. The findings showed, that beans and cowpea enterprise had 0.23 (23%), and 0.14 (14%) interaction density, while 23 and 16 actors participated in the promotion of beans and cowpea enterprises respectively. The findings also show that as a cowpea entrepreneur a farmer is the most influential and dominant actor in providing and using information while in the bean’s enterprise, extension service providers stood out as the most influential actor and the farmers remain the most dominant actor. Fellow farmers showed higher influence and dominance in providing and sharing information and other services regarding cowpea. Cowpea was a more profitable and viable enterprise. The study recommends that researchers and other actors should engage in the promotion of improved technologies. There should be increased interaction amongst actors and this creates product loyalty and promotes channel distribution. The actors should also provide and share relevant and timely information regarding agronomic, post-harvest practices, potential market opportunities, and other services. Key words: Actor’s interaction, innovation systems, improved technology, market shares, improved cowpea.

MECHANISM OF MANAGING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF A MOTOR TRANSPORT ENTERPRISE

In modern conditions, many domestic road transportation companies need to implement new management mechanisms to ensure their survival in difficult economic conditions and to maintain the required level of efficiency, which raises the issue of developing an effective mechanism for managing the viability of an enterprise. The theoretical researches of existing approaches concerning the mechanism formation of enterprise management are carried out. It is determined that in the scientific literature little attention is paid to the formation of a mechanism for managing the enterprise viability. The lack of systematic and completeness approach of the considered structure of the enterprise viability hinders the formation of a mechanism for managing the enterprise viability.
 The aim of the work is to improve the mechanism of managing the enterprise viability, which helps to increase the share of making and implementing the effective management decisions. The article proposes an integrated mechanism for managing the viability of a transport company, which is an interdependent system of individual interconnected elements: management goals, management principles, management functions, management methods, management resources and management process, which is implemented in several stages. The formed mechanism of management of motor transport enterprise viability is based on the system approach, accordingly, the mechanism is resulted in the form of interconnected set of structural elements. The characteristic of structural elements of the control mechanism is given. The proposed mechanism for managing the enterprise viability ensures the effective decision implementation. Application of the management mechanism will increase the efficiency of managing the enterprise viability to reach its target level. This in turn will lead to the formation of long-term enterprise viability.

Fuzzy logic applied in the prospecting of suitable areas for the establishment of commercial forest plantations

Finding suitable areas for the establishment of commercial forest plantations is a crucial step towards the technical and financial viability of forestry enterprises. Thus, this study aimed to propose an alternative methodology to define areas with greater potential for the establishment of commercial forest plantations through the application of fuzzy logic. Edaphoclimatic zoning of the main forest genetic materials used in the state, land use classes, road networks, terrain slopes, and environmental regulation of rural properties was included in the modeling. In addition, a network analysis was applied to delimit the optimal transport radius. The results referring to the optimal areas for forest planting, according to the model, obtained an average of 80.39% assertiveness in the validation test in relation to areas already consolidated with forest plantations in the study area, demonstrating the potential of fuzzy logic to find areas favorable for future plantations, with low cost involved in prospecting areas. Therefore, it is concluded that the proposed methodology has high accuracy and low processing cost and can be used to improve planning. Its application can be expanded to other Brazilian regions as well as other countries.

Organic transition in dual‐purpose wheat systems: Agronomic performance and soil nitrogen dynamics

AbstractThe Southern Great Plains (SGP) region of the United States is widely known for its dryland dual‐purpose winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping systems—integrated systems that provide both livestock grazing and grain production. Few of these systems are organic, however, and no relevant research had been conducted on this topic. A large‐scale (41 ha) systems research study was conducted for 3 yr (2018–2021) to compare a transitional organic dual‐purpose wheat system with a conventional one, with system management components customized to the ecological region. Organic wheat yield was 20% lower than conventional in the first season of organic transition, but there was no yield difference by the third year. The yield improvement in the organic system may be attributed to N fixation by a legume‐based cash crop the previous winter season, exogenous nutrients from application of composted manure, and appropriate wheat cultivar selection. Because of limited moisture, relying on annual establishment of summer cover crops to fix N and deliver other ecosystem services in the organic system was not feasible in most years. Grain protein concentration (GPC) of the transitional organic wheat ranged from 91 to 103 g kg−1, below the 120 g kg−1 threshold for a food market organic price premium. More intensive N management, including in‐season application of a more available form of N that is organic approved, could be an effective strategy to increase GPC. This proof‐of‐concept study shows that organic dual‐purpose wheat systems can be a viable enterprise in the SGP, though additional research is needed to address challenges identified herein.

THE INFLUENCE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL OWNERSHIP AND SOCIAL SUPPORT ON ORGANIZATIONAL RESILIENCE: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL IDENTITY

Faced with a complex and volatile environment, improving the resilience of organizations to resist various risks, enhancing the viability of enterprises, and ultimately achieving sustainable development capabilities has become a top priority for business managers. This study first explores the relationship between employee psychological ownership, organizational resilience, and social support by combining the relevant literature, constructing a theoretical research model, and proposing hypotheses. Through statistical analysis of 332 valid questionnaires, the results show that employee psychological ownership positively impacts organizational resilience. Also, social supports positively affect organizational resilience and organizational identity in employee psychological ownership, and social supports and organizational resilience both play an intermediary role.

The carbon emissions trading scheme and green technology innovation in China: A new structural economics perspective

Carbon emissions trading schemes are an essential market-oriented mechanism for carbon reduction. This study assumes China’s emissions trading scheme (ETS) policy as a quasi-natural experiment to examine its impact on green technology innovation using panel data of cities in China from 2008 to 2018. The moderating effects of effective governance and enterprise viability are further investigated from the perspective of new structural economics. The results indicate that China’s ETS policy can significantly promote green technology innovation in pilot cities. Further findings demonstrate that environmental regulation and development strategy can substantially enhance this positive effect, confirming the effectiveness of Chinese policies. A lower proportion of state-owned enterprises and higher total factor productivity is also found to strengthen such impact, indicating that viability can advance the effectiveness of market environmental regulations. Moreover, we identify significant regional heterogeneities indicating that the cities in the western region or old industrial bases do not fully leverage the advantages of the green innovation effect of ETS. Our findings provide insights for policymakers in developing countries regarding the role of efficient markets and effective government interventions for advancing carbon reduction and green technology innovation through policy optimization.

Cash Waqf Model for Social Enterprise to Achieve Sustainable Development Goals in Indonesia

Social enterprises are expected to bring significant positive impact on Indonesia's economy and may help to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Social enterprises empower minorities by providing more opportunities for a sustainable means of livelihood, especially for low-income and disadvantaged groups. However, despite its potential, financial issues remain a significant barrier for the viability of social enterprises in Indonesia. Cash waqf is one of the Islamic social finance vehicles that can be used to invest and manage funds to address a variety of social issues related to the SDGs. Hence, this study aims to propose cash waqf model for social enterprise in achieving the SDGs in Indonesia and to assesses the potentials and opportunities of developing the proposed model in Indonesia. This study employs a qualitative research approach, with primary data gathered from interviews of relevant stakeholders. This study finds that, the cash waqf can solve a multitude of financial issues faced by many social enterprises in Indonesia by enlarging their pool of financing support. The possibilities and opportunities of developing the cash waqf model for social enterprise include alternative funding for social enterprise, alternative waqf for waqif, an increase in nazhir, and more effective contribution to the SDGs.

Saudi Arabia’s small and medium enterprises (SMES) sector post-Covid-19 recovery: stakeholders’ perception on investment sustainability

PurposeThe sound viability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) positively influences nations’ economic growth. Studies investigating the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on SMEs in Saudi Arabia (KSA) and how the owners will source for working capital and short-term loans to kick start in the post-Covid-19 recovery are scarce. Hence, this study aims to investigate the perceived negative impact of Covid-19 on SMEs and suggests policy solutions to improve access to finance and investment sustainability for the SMEs owners in the post-Covid-19 recovery via the stakeholders’ perception in KSA.Design/methodology/approachThe paper sourced data from Medina, Riyadh and Alqassim via virtual interviews. The study engaged SMEs owners, government agencies and banks within the covered regions in KSA. The sourced data were analysed via a thematic, and the results were presented in themes.FindingsThe findings show that the SMEs sector plays a pertinent role in KSA gross domestic product growth. But, the recent ravaging of the SME sector by the Covid-19 pandemic was adversely unprecedented, and stakeholders were caught unaware. The paper categorised the perceived impacts into most severe, severe and fairly severe. The findings show that SMEs sector post-Covid-19 recovery will require access to finance-friendly policies to revive the unique sector. This should be supported with an enabling business environment via policies that encourage investment and sustainability to achieve KSA Vision 2030.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is restricted to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on SMEs and data collected via virtual interviews across three cities in KSA. Other developing Islamic nations can modify the policy suggestions from this paper to improve their SMEs sectors.Practical implicationsThe significance of a robust SMEs sector to grow the economy has been established. The emerged recommendations from this paper may provide insights to the policymakers and other stakeholders. This will enhance the rebuilding of the SMEs sector across KSA in the post-Covid-19 era.Originality/valueThis study is unique because it investigated the impacts of the ravaging pandemic on SMEs owners and proffered possible solutions for quick post-Covid-19 recovery from the KSA stakeholders’ perspective.

Comparative Trend Analysis on Revenue Generation among Selected Municipalities in Surigao Del Sur, FY 2000-2018

This study determined the trends on revenue generation among selected Municipalities in Surigao del Sur for Fiscal Years 2000-2018. It employed a descriptive method of research using Trend Analysis. The study is conducted in selected coastal Municipalities, namely: Bayabas, Marihatag, San Agustin, and Tago. The study found that all municipalities understudy generated revenue from local and external sources. The local sources include the following: Real Property Tax, Business Tax, Other Taxes, Regulatory Fees, Service Charges, and Income from Economic Enterprises. Externally sourced revenues include the Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA), Share from the National Wealth, Grants and Donations, Extraordinary Receipts, Loans and Borrowings and other Local Government Transfers. The study revealed that the difference in revenue of the concerned Municipalities is mainly attributed to their income classification, Tago, a 2nd class Municipality-followed by Marihatag (3rd class), San Agustin (4th class) and Bayabas (5th class). Thus, LGUs concern are encouraged to increase their revenue generation efforts through different strategies. They may focus on improving their Real Property Tax and Business Tax assessment and collection system. They may also engage in various public-private partnership to finance various socio-economic development endeavors, like investing in viable modern economic enterprises. Thus, when revenue increases, LGUs can finance the essential social welfare services that were not prioritized due to inadequacy of resources.

The future of farming for Southland

The future of Agriculture in Southland is facing anotherperiod of uncertainty, with the impact of covid19 andits possible long-term effects not fully. However, someindications are available regarding changing foodpatterns, disruptive shipping routes and the logisticsof ‘just in time’ delivery that are being tested, borderrequirements changing and continuing disruptivetechnology changing the way consumers purchaseall forms of consumable goods including food. Thissame uncertainty applies to the rest of New Zealandagriculture. The arable, Dairy, beef, sheep, and deersectors are all trying to work through and prepare forwhat this uncertain future may look like, and how it willshape the future viability of farming enterprises.

IMPACT OF EXTERNAL TECHNOLOGY ACQUISITION ON THE EFFICIENCY OF ENTERPRISE'S TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION

Nowadays, the innovation ability has become an important indicator to measure the viability and competitiveness of enterprises. An open innovation is an important strategic component of enterprises’ innovative development. This paper, stemming from the enterprise's external technology acquisition breadth in inbound open innovations, with the extent of industry prosperity as a regulated variable, has selected 255 enterprise from three different manufacturing industry, including medicine, electronics and basic chemical engineering, to study the impact of external technology acquisition on the efficiency of enterprise's technological innovations. The results show that the external technology acquisition has a positive effect on the efficiency of enterprise's technological innovations, and choosing various ways to acquire external technologies more actively is conducive to the improvement in the efficiency of enterprise's technological innovations.

LABOR PRODUCTIVITY AND PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY

In today's world, the issue of sustainable economic growth and labor productivity is very acute. Low levels of labor productivity in all sectors of the economy affect the overall effectiveness of the state production and economic system, as labor productivity is a criterion for the efficient use of labor resources and social reproduction. The aim of the article is to scientifically substantiate and structure the system of factors that affect productivity. The research task is to analyze the categorical apparatus, economic essence and significance of labor productivity, to classify factors and conditions of labor productivity increase at industrial enterprises, to show practical application of formulas for calculation of possible dismissal of workers on the basis of measures to increase labor productivity. To do this, the article provides a definition of "productivity" and "productivity", "production per employee". It is proposed to combine many factors that determine the growth of labor productivity into the following groups: increasing the technical level of production, improving the organization of production and labor, increasing production, structural changes in production, the impact of natural conditions. It is emphasized that the identification and use of reserves for productivity growth leads to lower production costs and increase profitability, and thus increases the viability of enterprises.

Nigerian intellectual property protection for small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) fashion designers in the digital economy

Nigerian fashion entrepreneurs are finding the market increasingly appealing due to the growing viability of small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) in the fashion industry, particularly online retail fashion stores, and the easy accessibility of the Internet and digital media. However, with intellectual capital being the hallmark of the fashion industry, the nearly constant violation of intellectual property (IP) rights is a threat to the fashion sector’s continued existence and profitability in Nigeria. Fashion businesses are thwarted by an antiquated IP regime and the conflicting decisions of the courts on infringement cases which continue to frustrate the marketing of fashion brands on social media. This study used a descriptive and analytical approach, relying on both primary and secondary data, to analyse and assess the laws available for the protection of fashion designers’ intellectual works. The study also considers the various developments in fashion IP protection in more advanced countries, such as the United States and in the European Union, and makes practical recommendations to support the growth of IP law, fashion legislation and the Nigerian fashion industry in the digital economy.

Development Trend of Chinese Automobile Culture and Countermeasures of Automobile Enterprises

The formulation of the development strategy of automobile enterprises can effectively guide its development direction and help to promote its development speed. When formulating strategies, automobile enterprises should not only consider the current development situation, but also be based on the future, to ensure the effective construction of automobile enterprises' strategies, enhance the viability of automobile enterprises and promote their long-term development. However, at present, some automobile enterprises still have some problems in the management of strategic planning, which is not conducive to the stable development of automobile enterprises and hinders the promotion of their competitiveness. Therefore, automobile enterprises should focus on the effective strategies to improve the coping system of automobile enterprise culture development to protect the sustainable development of automobile enterprises. This paper expounds the significance of coping with cultural development in automobile enterprises, further analyzes the shortcomings of coping with cultural development in automobile enterprises, and puts forward some strategies to promote the effectiveness of coping with cultural development.

Small and medium-sized enterprises during the COVID-19 pandemic

The aim of the article is the analysis of factors contributing to viability or to liquidation of small and medium-sized enterprises during the unfavorable economic situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The object of the research is small and medium-sized businesses in Saint. Petersburg, Russia. The subject of the research is the survival of small and medium-sized enterprises during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods of research. The article considers the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on liquidation level in Saint- Petersburg in the period from 2019 to 2021. The data received in the journal «Vestnik gosudarstvennoj registracii» were collected, systematized and analyzed. The results of the pandemic impact on business activity are presented based on statistical methods and analysis. The research made it possible to assess the impact of restrictive measures on various sectors of the economy, including innovative activity. The correlation between the use of innovative technologies and business survival during the corona crisis has also been examined and analyzed. Results of research. The results show that the pandemic has had a heterogeneous impact on various sectors of the economy. The pandemic has negatively influenced the industries of manufacturing, financial and legal services, construction, medicine and sports, repair and installation. A positive impact is observed in the sectors of trade, education, rental and property management, transport and logistics, tourism. The use of innovative technologies has contributed to the development of these areas of activity, helping to maintain the position of companies in the market and attract investment for further growth. Thus, the production and introduction of innovations played a crucial role in ensuring the viability of small and medium-sized enterprises during the pandemic period.

Формування стратегічних орієнтирів забезпечення економічної безпеки підприємства як засобу підвищення конкурентоспроможності

The purpose of the study is to form strategic guidelines that will serve as the basis for maintaining the economic security of the enterprise in order to increase its competitiveness. The relation between the concepts of «economic security» and «competitiveness» is considered and summarized. It is substantiated that competitiveness are in close connection with economic security: an improve in economic security leads to increase in competitiveness. The views of researchers on the factors of the external and internal environment that affect the economic security of business entity are systematized. As result of the study, the views of various scholars were analyzed, identifying the factors that, according to the authors, have the greatest impact on the economic security of the enterprise. The importance of determining the factors is substantiated, because of their influence on the difficulties with the analysis and forecasting of activities, as well as the implementation of strategic management of the economic security of the enterprise. It is determined that efficient management in any field of activity can be carried out only under the condition of the formation of an integrated system of such management, designed to solve the main tasks. Therefore, a necessary condition for ensuring the viability of enterprises in a market economy is a successful set of strategic guidelines in the management of the economic security system, which prevents the destructive impact of changes in the factors of both the internal and the external environment of enterprise. The key strategic guidelines for building the system of economic security of enterprise are identified. The stages of development of diagnostics of the state of economic security of an economic entity are formed. Prospects for further research in this direction is to build a system of strategic management of economic security as a means of improving the competitiveness of the enterprise’s activities

ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ ТА РОЗВИТОК ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА В УКРАЇНІ НА ОСНОВІ ESG-КОНЦЕПЦІЇ

The article examines the evolution of conceptual views on the sustainable development of the planetary system from the theory of the noosphere by V.I. Vernadsky to the modern paradigm of sustainable development of society. The essence of the global goals of sustainable development until 2030, which reflect the scale and direction of the new agenda of mankind, is revealed. It is determined that the ESG-concept is a practical tool for the participation of the business sector in achieving the goals of sustainable development. The urgency of responsible activity of business structures for the restoration of public life in Ukraine in the postwar period is emphasized. The main aspects of ESG-concept as an environmental, social, and management triangle of the formation of sustainable viability of enterprises are highlighted. The positive impact of environmental and social risk management on the long-term market value of companies is substantiated. It is determined that the main driving forces of the implementation of ESG-principles in the private sector, include investors, international organizations, international banks of development, governments, consumers. The application of the ESG-principles in Ukraine on the example of the ESG-strategy until 2030 of the DTEK Group is studied, and their priorities for participation in achieving the goals of sustainable development are highlighted. The main directions of activity of socially responsible domestic enterprises are determined: labor relations, environmental responsibility, consumer relations, community development, and anti-corruption practices. It is proved that the disclosure of non-financial information and ensuring the transparency of companies' activities is another new process in Ukraine, which is complicated by the lack of generally accepted standards for non-financial information disclosure. The article identifies the main problems of wide application of ESG-concept in the practical activities of the business sector and substantiates the directions of intensification of this process, including: leadership and strengthening the influence of large companies on the implementation of economic agents ESG-principles; implementation of socially responsible investment by financial structures; standardization of the content and process of disclosure of non-financial information; popularization and explanation of the essence and role of ESG-concepts for the development of the business sector; training of competent specialists in this field.

THE POLICY MODEL OF DIGITAL-BASED MICRO-BUSINESS ASSISTANCE FOR ECONOMIC RECOVERY DURING THE PANDEMIC

Micro-businesses have an essential role in driving an economic revival in Indonesia. However, they are particularly vulnerable during the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the long-term viability of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in the financing, production, distribution, and market demand. This paper argues that an assistance policy model for micro-businesses accelerating the economy during a pandemic is needed. It also raises the question of how government policies in developing micro-businesses. The library method, which relied on secondary data, was used to conduct the research. The result suggests that the ideal assistance model policy for MSMEs in accelerating the regional economy is by using platform-based digital technology so that the flexibility of purchasing raw materials to sales can be integrated into one and reach all consumers around the world. Government policies in developing MSMEs in the new normal era include launching the National Economic Recovery Program, as mandated by Government Regulation Number 23 of 2020, implementing stimulus programs for MSMEs such as interest subsidies and restructuring.

Asset-Based Community Development in Kampung Mina Mangrove, East Wonorejo, Surabaya as a Community Economic Strengthening Effort

The goal of this study is to use the Asset-Based Community Development approach to identify the assets of Kampung Mina Mangrove in Wonorejo. One of the research methods employed is action research using a qualitative approach. Document studies, field surveys, and in-depth interviews are used to collect data, which is then examined inductively and qualitatively. According to research findings, Kampung Mina Mangrove has a relatively high productive age based on human capital with the help of social assets. Mangrove fruit processing is a viable enterprise for the growth of the East Wonorejo area, thanks to strong population and a strategic position. In terms of material assets, the state of the current infrastructure must be considered. From the standpoint of economic assets, SME players will not only wait for financial or capital aid from the government in the future, but will also take the initiative to offer a collaboration or partnership with other business actors who can support each other. From the standpoint of environmental assets, they should pay closer attention to the environmental conditions around eco-tourism sites. East Wonorejo, the village's only access route, must have suitable waste disposal sites and sewers to prevent flooding during the rainy season. Based on the identification of all assets, future expectations are supported, in addition to assistance from different linked parties, so that current SMEs may expand more generally, not just in mangrove regions.