Public Private Research Articles

Regulatory Challenges and Frameworks for Fog Computing in Healthcare.

The integration of fog computing into healthcare promises significant advancements in real-time data analytics and patient care by decentralizing data processing closer to the source. This shift, however, introduces complex regulatory, privacy, and security challenges that are not adequately addressed by existing frameworks designed for centralized systems. The distributed nature of fog computing complicates the uniform application of security measures and compliance with diverse international regulations, raising concerns about data privacy, security vulnerabilities, and legal accountability. This review explores these challenges in depth, discussing the implications of fog computing's decentralized architecture for data privacy, the difficulties in achieving consistent security across dispersed nodes, and the complexities of ensuring compliance in multi-jurisdictional environments. It also examines specific regulatory frameworks, including Health Insurance Portability and Accountability (HIPAA) in the United States, General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union, and emerging laws in Asia and Brazil, highlighting the gaps and the need for regulatory evolution to better accommodate the nuances of fog computing. The review advocates for a proactive regulatory approach, emphasizing the development of specific guidelines, international collaboration, and public-private partnerships to enhance compliance and support innovation. By embedding privacy and security by design and leveraging advanced technologies, healthcare providers can navigate the regulatory landscape effectively, ensuring that fog computing realizes its full potential as a transformative healthcare technology without compromising patient trust or data integrity.

THE TECHNOLOGY OF THE PROJECT APPROACH IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AT THE LEVEL OF UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF THE DECENTRALIZED SYSTEM OF TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION OF POWER

The article is devoted to the issue of project management implementation by public management bodies of the decentralized system of territorial organization of power, in particular the functional features and advantages of implementing project management tools in the activities of united territorial communities of Ukraine. It is determined that the project approach to project management today is one of the most popular ways of management in the modern world. The relevance of the widespread introduction of project management methodology and project approach in the practice of public administration as a new culture of management and effective tools for good governance in a crisis, instability and uncertainty is substantiated, solving industrial, scientific and social problems. It was concluded that the use of project management methodology at the national level of the decentralized system of territorial organization of power is both strategic and tactical in nature. In strategic terms, the project approach makes it possible to focus the efforts of public authorities on solving urgent problems of long-term development of society in its key areas, reducing tensions in the socio-political sphere, by increasing the efficiency of public authorities to strengthen their legitimacy and resilience to internal and external threats establish a stable partnership dialogue with communities and civil society institutions. In terms of tactics, budget savings, reduction of implementation of state programs and national projects, some optimization of government structures and improved coordination of public authorities, cooperation and public-private partnerships with business entities.

INVESTING IN WATER INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT FOR ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 6

Objective: The objective of this article is to examine and address the implementation status of the Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in improving urban water infrastructure in Africa. Theoretical Framework: Public-private partnerships can play a significant role in enhancing water infrastructure and achieving SDG 6's goal of providing communities with safe drinking water. How these concepts can be used to enhance peoples' quality of life is investigated in the article. Method: The study is qualitative and offers desktop analysis of data available in public domain. The data is compiled through literature and document reviews, and further analysed using document and conceptual analysis. Research Implications: The study identifies various challenges related to water infrastructure development (focus) in African context (locus). The study suggests African governments to partner with private sectors for meeting the needs of delivering water by using proper and maintained infrastructure and able to accommodate the growing population. Originality/Value: The study contributes by suggesting varied resources required by PPPs to implement effective urban water infrastructure in Africa.

Indonesia's economic and environmental resilience in the face of climate change: Analysis and implementation strategies

Backgorund: Climate change is a significant threat to Indonesia, an archipelago that is vulnerable to the negative impacts of this phenomenon. This study aims to identify the effects of climate change in Indonesia and evaluate mitigation and adaptation strategies needed to improve economic and environmental resilience. Based on climate change projections, increases in surface temperature, changes in rainfall patterns, sea level rise, and changes in water salinity have negative impacts on various sectors such as agriculture, fisheries, infrastructure, and public health. Method: The research method includes secondary data analysis from various official sources and a study of relevant literature, with an analytical descriptive approach to identify critical challenges and necessary strategies. Findings: The results show that limited fiscal space and the need for budgetary reform are significant challenges that need to be addressed through the introduction of a carbon tax, budgetary incentives for green technologies, and the removal of fossil fuel subsidies. In addition, mobilization of non-budget funding sources is needed to support green projects, with strategies such as the development of public-private partnerships, access to international funds, and technical capacity building. Conclusion: In conclusion, implementation of the recommended mitigation and adaptation strategies can increase Indonesia's resilience to climate change, reduce its risks and negative impacts, and ensure the sustainability of economic and social development. Novelty/Originality of this study: This research provides practical guidance for policymakers to develop effective strategies to deal with climate change

Where Do Citizens Place Blame for Service Delivery Failure? A Closer Look at Public-Private Partnerships

This study examines citizens’ attribution of blame for a failure of public-private partnerships (PPPs) using a survey experiment with a sample of more than 1500 Americans. We find that when service delivery fails, citizens tend to attribute less blame to public actors if the service is delivered by a PPP rather than solely by the government. Additionally, introducing citizen participation in service delivery design reduces the blame assigned to the government in direct service provision, but this effect does not extend to services provided via PPPs. These findings deepen our understanding of how emerging service delivery models affect citizens’ attitudes toward the government.

Data sharing as the foundation of discovery: ADNI and breakthroughs in Alzheimer's disease.

The COVID pandemic has shown that when the research community comes together, we can conquer the most complex biomedical challenges. Collaboration and teamwork among federal agencies, private organizations, and researchers have been crucial in the development of vaccines and therapeutics against COVID. Possibly the first example of such cross-functional collaboration is the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), the largest and longest continually monitored Alzheimer's study. ADNI was designed and operated as a public-private partnership, managed by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health. This article shows how recent successes in the Alzheimer's field are directly a result of ADNI's open and transparent sharing of knowledge, expertise, and resources, which have allowed researchers to advance their understanding of Alzheimer's and tackle challenges in a relatively short period of time. ADNI's approach to open-source innovation also served as a model for addressing other complex diseases and led to numerous collaborative research initiatives. HIGHLIGHTS: The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) was designed, structured, and operated as a public-private partnership, managed by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health. The recent successes in the Alzheimer's field are directly a result of ADNI's efforts. Open and transparent sharing of knowledge, expertise, and resources allowed researchers to advance their understanding of Alzheimer's and tackle challenges in a relatively short period of time.

GOVERNMENT ASSIGNMENT OF CONTRACTS TO STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES TO PROVIDE INFRASTRUCTURE: INDONESIA’S EXPERIENCE

This paper aims to evaluate the peculiarities of a mechanism utilised by the Indonesian government to conduct infrastructure development, that is, the government’s assignment of contracts to state-owned enterprises (SOEs). This mechanism differs from public procurement or public-private partnership. This paper raises three questions: (1) What are the advantages and disadvantages of employing government assignment of contracts to SOEs? (2) What should be done to prevent the disadvantages? and (3) What lessons can be learned by other countries from the Indonesian experience? This paper employs qualitative legal research. It starts by analysing public satisfaction and dissatisfaction as reflected in the news, literature and interviews. The legal causes of dissatisfaction which are basically the problematic regulations, are then analysed. Finally, the legal principles and legal concepts enshrined within the regulations are examined to seek legal solutions. The advantages of the government’s assignment of contracts to SOEs are to simplify the tender process and to enable the government to quickly provide infrastructure. Nonetheless, the private sector feels aggrieved because the regulations that dictate when a project may be contracted to an SOE are unclear, and public funding is predominantly circulated among the SOE groups. To address these problems, the government should adhere to the globally recognised principles of equality and accountability and the concepts of competitive neutrality and the right to development. The bittersweet Indonesian experiences maybe not only the refinement of the Indonesian law and policy, but also their use as food for thought for any country considering infrastructure development.

Sustainable development in affordable housing: Policy innovations and challenges

As the global urban population continues to expand, the need for affordable and sustainable housing solutions becomes increasingly urgent. This review explores policy innovations and challenges in the realm of sustainable development for affordable housing. It aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of how sustainable practices can be integrated into affordable housing policies and the obstacles faced in implementing these strategies. Sustainable development in affordable housing encompasses environmental, economic, and social dimensions. Environmentally, it involves the use of green building materials, energy-efficient designs, and sustainable construction practices that minimize carbon footprints. Economically, sustainable affordable housing seeks to reduce long-term costs for residents through energy savings and maintenance efficiencies. Socially, it aims to create healthy, inclusive, and resilient communities. Policy innovations in this field have shown promising results. Green building standards, such as Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) and the Passive House standard, have been adapted to affordable housing projects, demonstrating that sustainability and affordability can coexist. Governments and organizations have introduced various incentives and financing mechanisms, such as grants, low-interest loans, and tax credits, to promote green affordable housing. Additionally, public-private partnerships have been instrumental in driving sustainable affordable housing developments, leveraging the strengths of both sectors. However, significant challenges remain. One of the primary obstacles is the higher initial cost associated with sustainable building practices, which can deter investment in affordable housing projects. There are also regulatory and policy barriers that can complicate the implementation of sustainable practices. Furthermore, a lack of awareness and technical expertise in sustainable construction among developers and builders poses another significant hurdle. Case studies from different regions highlight both the successes and challenges of integrating sustainability into affordable housing. For instance, projects in Europe have successfully combined affordability with high environmental standards, while initiatives in developing countries have faced more pronounced financial and regulatory challenges. The review concludes that while policy innovations have made strides in promoting sustainable development in affordable housing, addressing the existing challenges requires concerted efforts from governments, private sector stakeholders, and communities. Future directions should focus on enhancing financial models, streamlining regulatory frameworks, and building capacity for sustainable practices. This comprehensive approach will be crucial for achieving long-term sustainability and affordability in housing.

The Role of Logistics and Infrastructure in Promoting International Trade

This study aims to explore the role of logistics and infrastructure in promoting international trade. Through systematic analysis of relevant theories and practical impacts, the research finds that logistics and infrastructure play key roles in reducing transaction costs, enhancing trade speed and reliability, and promoting market connectivity and integration. Specifically, an efficient logistics system can optimize transportation, warehousing, distribution, and inventory management, thereby improving the overall efficiency of international trade. Meanwhile, modern transportation, information and communication, and energy infrastructure provide robust support for international trade, facilitating efficient global supply chain operations and economic growth. However, the logistics and infrastructure sectors also face challenges such as infrastructure aging, cross-border logistics barriers, environmental issues, and sustainability concerns. In the future, smart logistics, green logistics, public-private partnerships, and international cooperation will become important development trends. Based on these findings, this paper proposes that governments should formulate supportive policies and improve infrastructure investment mechanisms, while enterprises should enhance logistics optimization and technological innovation. By conducting an in-depth study of the role of logistics and infrastructure in international trade, this research aims to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for policymakers and enterprises, promoting sustainable development in international trade.

Analyzing Trends and Emerging Issues in Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Projects in Construction: A Bibliometric Study

Analyzing Trends and Emerging Issues in Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Projects in Construction: A Bibliometric Study

Public-Private Partnership Agreement in the Context of the Matrix for Assessing their Legal Parameters and Digitalization

Public-Private Partnership Agreement in the Context of the Matrix for Assessing their Legal Parameters and Digitalization

Improving Access to Patient-Focused, Decentralized Clinical Trials Requires Streamlined Regulatory Requirements: An ASCO Research Statement.

Strategies to bring clinical trials closer to patients gained momentum during the COVID-19 pandemic, enabling more participants to receive treatment and/or testing in their local communities. Incorporation of decentralized trial elements presents both opportunities and challenges, spanning regulatory, technical, and operational aspects. This ASCO research statement includes timely consensus-driven recommendations and a call for engagement of all research stakeholders. ASCO held multistakeholder meetings with leaders in oncology research and concluded that research-related regulatory and administrative requirements and burdens present critical barriers to decentralizing trials. One example is sponsor and contract research organization (CRO) use of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s Statement of Investigator (Form 1572), which was found to exceed FDA's stated intent and used in conservative ways disproportionate to potential risks to participants and scientific integrity. As a result, research sites experience an avalanche of downstream administrative and regulatory activities that consume considerable resources. This statement recommends four key solutions to address such barriers and recalibrate regulatory and administrative expectations for decentralizing trials: (1) FDA should engage the research community in a public-private partnership to modernize standards and enable local access to trials; (2) sponsors and CROs should develop standards and protocols that accommodate flexible approaches, enable local participation, provide clarity around roles and requirements, and promote consistency; (3) research centers, networks, and sites should update policies and procedures to implement decentralized trial elements; and (4) research community should develop a streamlined, uniform mechanism to simplify regulatory data collection and documentation and use it consistently across trials. We can and must prioritize a concerted commitment to simplify and streamline regulatory requirements and practices to broaden access to and participation in cancer clinical trials.

Renewable energy in India: key trends, drivers and prospects

The article examines the features and trends in the development of renewable energy in India in the context of the modern transformation of the global energy economy. The dynamics of growth of installed capacity in the country’s energy sector by type of generation sources has been analyzed, and stable trends in changes in the structure of primary energy consumption have been identified. The main factors for the successful development of key areas of renewable energy have been identified. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of innovative schemes and instruments of public-private partnership in the development of renewable energy. The main government documents that determine the vector and pace of transformation of the Indian energy sector taking into account the global climate agenda are considered. It is concluded that with undeniable successes in the development of renewable energy and favorable conditions for its further growth, in the foreseeable future in India, traditional energy will not lose its significant importance due to the role that it and the infrastructure created for it play in ensuring economic growth and well-being population, sustainable energy supply and energy security of the country in the context of increasing turbulence in the global energy market.

Toward sustainable waste-to-energy solutions: risk allocation and technological innovations in public-private partnerships

ABSTRACT The energy challenge and environmental degradation are currently two of the biggest obstacles to sustainable global growth. Due to emerging countries’ rapid industrialization and population increase, people have been migrating from rural to urban areas. One of the primary causes of environmental deterioration in Egypt is the country’s hundreds of tons of municipal solid waste generated every day, as well as the country’s struggles with waste management and energy production. Waste-to-energy (WTE) programs show promise as a remedy. However, given the inherent complexity and unpredictability of these endeavors, a careful examination of risk allocation methods is important, especially in the context of public-private partnerships. The present paper intends to identify important risk considerations, evaluate their allocation methodologies, and distribute insights for stakeholders and policymakers involved in WTE projects in Egypt through an extensive assessment of the literature and case studies subsequently in practice. In order to reduce the risks associated with Waste-to-Energy (WTE) projects in Egypt, the current paper considers eight categories: land accessibility, availability, and site risks; social risks; environmental and human health concerns; design risks; construction risks; operation risks; financial market risks; and collaboration risks.

Towards an Understanding of the Music Value Chain in Ghana: The Role of Artiste Managers

The Ghana music value chain pivots on the dynamics of the artiste managers who handle the various music genres. Unfortunately, studies on artiste managers, the types of artiste managers, and a detailed description of their training, and general operations are rare in the Ghanaian context. Hence, this study was conducted to shed light on the significant roles of artiste managers for a better understanding of the Ghanaian music value chain. The research used a triangulated approach (qualitative and quantitative) to collect data. The primary research method employed was qualitative through semi-structured interviews (face-to-face and telephone as well as video calls). The quantitative method was employed mainly as a secondary source from the MUSIGA-KPMG Report (2014) among others. The results showed that different types of artiste managers in Ghana are found across different genres captured in the music value chain. These artiste managers are key at the marketing stage of the music value chain. Thus, performance is used as a channel to convey the music of the artiste to the music consumers. Based on the results, it is recommended that the government enact policies that streamline music skills development by making music apprenticeships attractive. This can be done by supporting ongoing efforts by private institutions to develop the artiste. Thus, a public-private partnership is a laudable approach that has far-reaching implications in creating artistes in the country. The study offers useful information that may contribute to nurturing and developing the artiste for social and economic gains. Keywords: Artiste Managers, Creative Art Industry, Music Value Chain, Ghana

Study on the right to education with special references to public private partnerships

Study on the right to education with special references to public private partnerships

Determinants of melon farmers’ adaptation strategies to climate change hazards in south‒south Nigeria

The constant changes experienced in agricultural activities due to climate change pose a great challenge to melon production. Hence, this research examined the determinants of melon farmers’ adaptation strategies to cope with climate change hazards in southern–southern Nigeria. The research ultimately depended on primary data collected by using a set of questionnaires and interviews. The data were obtained from 260 samples retrieved from melon farmers by using multistage sampling techniques. The data were analyzed using the multivariate probit (MVP) model and partial eta squared test. The results of the MVP model showed that age (− 0.009), marital status (0.200), access to information on climate change (0.567) and crop insurance (0.214) were significant at the 0.01 level, while household size (− 0.030) was significant at the 0.05 level and determined the adoption of crop diversification. Educational level (0.012), extension contact (0.138) and access to credit (0.122) were significant at the 0.05 level, while access to information on climate change (0.415) was significant at the 0.01 level and determined the adoption of change in planting dates. Age (− 0.010) and access to information on climate change (0.381) were significant at the 0.01 level, while sex (− 0.139), marital status (0.158) and off-farm income (− 2.3E-7) were significant at the 0.05 level and determined the adoption of mixed farming. Farming experience (0.005) is significant at the 0.05 level, while access to information on climate change (0.529) and crop insurance (0.272) are significant at the 0.01 level and determine the adoption of drought-tolerant crop species. Access to information on climate change (0.536) is significant at the 0.01 level, indicating the adoption of improved crop species. Age (− 0.010), farm size (− 0.085) and crop insurance (0.206) were significant at the 0.05 level, while access to information on climate change (0.353) was significant at the 0.01 level and determined the adoption of off-farm job opportunities. The study recommends the availability and accessibility of credit, climate-smart agricultural practices, and the establishment of public‒private partnerships, among others.

Critical Success Factors of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Implementation: A Study in Bangladesh

This study aims to discover the perceptions of the critical success factors (CSFs) of the public and private sectors’ players that influence the implementation of public-private partnership (PPP) infrastructure projects in Bangladesh. Methods: A questionnaire survey was adopted to discover public and private sector players’ perceptions of the CSFs and success subfactors (SSF) of PPP projects. Based on the literature review, CSFs and SSFs were identified, and the agreement between respondents from the public and private sectors was tested. A total of 59 responses were collected and examined to reveal the perceived gaps between sectors and rank CSFs and SSFs. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used. The results show that the top-ranking factor was “economic viability”, followed by “appropriate risk allocation”, “sound financial packages”, “favorable investment environment”, and “reliable concessionaire”. It was also found that the perceptions of the public and private sectors were mixed. The key conclusion of this study is that the identified factors must be effectively addressed in order to develop consensus and engage relevant stakeholders in Bangladesh.

Comprehensive analysis of integrating smart grids with renewable energy sources: Technological advancements, economic impacts, and policy frameworks

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of integrating smart grids with renewable energy sources, focusing on technological advancements, economic impacts, and policy frameworks. The primary objective is to explore how smart grid technologies can efficiently incorporate renewable energy sources, thereby enhancing grid reliability, efficiency, and sustainability. Utilizing a multidisciplinary approach, the study examines successful case studies, pilot projects, and innovative practices that highlight the potential and challenges of this integration. Key findings reveal that advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and blockchain are crucial for the real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and optimized management of energy systems. These technologies address the inherent variability and intermittency of renewable energy sources like solar and wind power. Case studies, including the Brooklyn Microgrid and Germany’s Energiewende, demonstrate significant improvements in energy resilience, efficiency, and consumer empowerment through decentralized energy systems. Economic analysis underscores the dual impact of cost savings from operational efficiencies and the financial challenges posed by substantial upfront investments in smart grid infrastructure. Policy frameworks play a pivotal role, with recommendations for supportive regulatory policies, increased funding for research and development, and enhanced public-private partnerships to drive innovation and consumer engagement. The study concludes that overcoming the technical, economic, and regulatory barriers requires coordinated efforts among stakeholders. Recommendations include developing consistent regulatory frameworks, fostering public-private partnerships, and implementing educational programs to encourage consumer participation in renewable energy initiatives. By addressing these challenges, the integration of smart grids with renewable energy sources can pave the way for a more sustainable, resilient, and efficient energy future. Keywords: Smart Grids, Renewable Energy Integration, Technological Advancements, Economic Impacts, Policy Frameworks, Grid Management Innovations.

Challenges and Opportunities in Access to Essential Medicines in Rural Uganda

Access to essential medicines in rural Uganda is hindered by multifaceted challenges related to infrastructure, logistics, regulatory frameworks, and financial constraints. Poor road networks and inadequate transportation systems delay the delivery of medicines, while storage and supply chain management issues compromise medication quality and availability. Human resource shortages further impede distribution efforts, alongside financial limitations that affect procurement and sustainability. Regulatory reforms aimed at enhancing pharmacy practice have improved standards but pose implementation challenges. This review article employed a comprehensive literature review and analysis of existing research, policy documents, and case studies related to access to essential medicines in rural Uganda. Despite these obstacles, opportunities such as community-based interventions, technological innovations like mHealth, and public-private partnerships (PPPs) offer promising avenues to address these barriers. Strategic investments in infrastructure, regulatory compliance, and sustainable funding are crucial to improving access to essential medicines and healthcare outcomes in rural Uganda. Keywords: Essential Medicines Access, Rural Healthcare Challenges, Pharmacy Regulation Uganda, Medication Distribution Logistics, Public-Private Partnerships Healthcare