VI Groups Research Articles

The Relationship Between Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Cardiac Involvement in Patients with Mucopolysaccharidosis

Background / Aims: Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are a group of progressive multisystemic diseases, and it is unknown whether there is a relationship between these system involvements. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether there is a relationship between cardiac involvement and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in MPS patients. Methods: The study was conducted between May 12, 2023, and June 30, 2024, as a prospective study with a retrospective onset. Patients between the ages of 2 and 20 years who were diagnosed with MPS Types I, II, IV A, and VI enzymatically and genetically and who underwent electromyography for CTS screening and transthoracic echocardiography for cardiac involvement were included in the study. Results: Twenty-six MPS patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 128±58 months. There was cardiac involvement in 21 (80.8%) of the patients. Heart valve involvement was present in 20 (76.9%) patients. Our study found that 14 (53.8%) of our MPS patients had CTS. CTS was present in all patients in the MPS type I, II, and VI groups but not in any MPS type IV A patients. As a result of the statistical analysis, the presence of MPS Type IV A was statistically significantly higher in the group without CTS than in the group with CTS (p<0.001). The presence of cardiac involvement, combined involvement of the aortic and mitral valves, and the severity of heart valve involvement were found to be statistically significantly higher in the patient group with CTS than in the patient group without CTS (p=0.007, p=0.005, p=0.009, respectively). Conclusions: Our study found that CTS was more common in patients with cardiac involvement, especially heart valve involvement. We recommend that CTS screening be performed, especially in MPS patients with cardiac involvement.

Immuno-protective response of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) to inactivated vaccines against Streptococcus iniae and Vibrio harveyi

BackgroundIn this study, the protective immunity and immunogenicity of the monovalent and bivalent Streptococcus iniae and Vibrio harveyi vaccine were evaluated in Asian seabass. To analyze immune responses, 1200 Asian seabass with an average weight of 132.6 ± 25.4 g were divided into eight treatments in triplicates (50 fish per tank) as follows: S. iniae immunized by injection (SI), V. harveyi immunized by injection (VI), bivalent S. iniae and V. harveyi (SVI) immunized by injection, S. iniae immunized by immersion (SIM), V. harveyi (VIM) immunized by immersion, bivalent S. iniae and V. harvei (SVIM) immunized by immersion, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) by injection (PBSI) and control group without vaccine administration (CTRL). Blood and serum samples were taken at the end of the 30th and 60th days. Then the vaccinated groups were challenged with two bacteria (S. iniae) and (V. harveyi) separately and mortality was recorded for 14 days.ResultsThis study reveals that there is no significant difference in the hematological parameters on the 30th and 60th days of the experiment in the vaccine-immunized groups compared to the CTRL group (P > 0.05). Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in the amount of serum albumin level, respiratory burst activity, and serum bactericidal activity in the vaccine-immunized groups compared to the CTRL group on the 30th and 60th days of the experiment (P > 0.05). Total protein on the 60th day (in the VI and SVI groups), globulin on the 30th day (in the VI and SVI groups) and the 60th day (in the VI group) compared to the CTRL and PBSI groups had a significant increase (P < 0.05). Complement activity (in the VI and SVI groups) and lysozyme (in the SI and SVI groups) increased significantly compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Serum antibody titer against S. iniae had a significant increase in the SI, VI, SVI and SVIM groups compared to the CTRL and PBSI groups (P < 0.05). Serum antibody titer against V. harveyi had a significant increase in the groups immunized with the vaccine compared to the CTRL and PBSI groups (P < 0.05). A significant increase in the relative percentage survival (RPS) following challenge with S. iniae in the SVI (86.6%), SI (83.3%,) and VI (73.3%) groups were observed compared to the CTRL (43.3%) and PBSI (40%) groups (P < 0.05). Also, a significant increase in the RPS after challenge with V. harveyi in the SVI group, VI 86.6%, SVI 83.3%, VIM 80% and SVIM 76.6% were observed compared to the CTRL (46.6%) and PBSI (50%) groups (P < 0.05).ConclusionOverall, the results demonstrated that the bivalent vaccine of S. iniae and V. harveywas able to produce significant immunogenicity and RPS in Asian seabass

Effect of information provision on parental intention toward COVID-19 vaccination for children: a nationwide survey experiment

The reluctance of parents to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 was prevalent particularly when uncertainty over vaccination outcomes prevailed. We conducted a nationwide randomized online survey experiment to assess the effect of information provision on parental intention for COVID-19 vaccination before the government started vaccination for children in South Korea. Parents of elementary school children were provided with either no information (Control), information on vaccine profile (vaccine informed group; VI), or COVID-19 (disease informed group; DI). Among 359,110 participants, parental intention for vaccination of children was significantly higher in both VI and DI groups compared with the Control group. In terms of effect size, information on COVID-19 vaccine increased likelihood to vaccinate by 1620 per 100,000 parents and reduced vaccine hesitancy by 1340 per 100,000 parents. Consistently with the positive effect on vaccination intention, both VI and DI interventions increased participants’ perceptions on vaccination benefits being higher than its risks and vaccination risks being lower than health risks of COVID-19 infection, and self-reported trust in COVID-19 information. Our results lend strong support to the claim that the provision of targeted, tailored information on COVID-19 vaccine and infection increases parental intention to vaccinate children and reduces vaccine hesitancy.

Kadar Serum Interleukin-6 Tikus Wistar Jantan pada Uji Toksisitas Akut Ekstrak Kunyit Putih

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is one of the cytokine substances that are released when an inflammatory response occurs, this is often caused by infection from pathogenic substances such as bacteria and viruses. White turmeric has curcumin which contains diferuloylmethan which can be efficacious as an antioxidant. Purpose : This study aims to determine the effectiveness of white turmeric in reducing IL-6 in white rats. Methods: This research is an experimental study using a post-only control design. This study was divided into VI groups where each group was given different treatment. Group I: given distilled water, group II: 1% NaCMC, groups III-VI were given 2000 mg of white turmeric extract, respectively; 750 mg; 500 mg; 250 mg given orally. After that, the IL-6 measurement was carried out using the ELISA kit. Results: Based on the analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis test, the mean levels of IL-6 in each group I-VI were 362,041 pg/ml; 405.609 pg/ml; 397.908 pg/ml; 355,071 pg/ml; 441.025 pg/ml; 443.593 pg/ml. Based on the Mann-Whitney test, there were significant differences in group I with group V and group VI. It was found that administration of white turmeric extract at a dose of 750 mg had the best effectiveness in reducing IL-6 levels. Conclusion: Administration of white turmeric extract at a dose of 750 mg had the best effectiveness in reducing IL-6 levels.

EVALUATION OF ACTIVITY OF ALTERNANTHERA SESSILIS LEAVES AQUEOUS EXTRACT ON PLATELET COUNT IN DRUG-INDUCED THROMBOCYTOPENIA IN ALBINO RATS

Objectives of Study: (1) To determine the platelet augmenting effect on drug-induced thrombocytopenia in rats. (2) To observe any adverse effects and mortality in the animals. Methods: Albino rats of either sex of average weight 150–200 g are used. A total of 36 (n=36) rats were divided into VI groups of 6 each. Groups I, II, III received cyclophosphamide 25 mg/kg body weight and group IV, V, VI received 50 mg/kg body weight for 3 consecutive days respectively. Blood was withdrawn from the retro-orbital plexus on the 1st, 4th, 7th, and 11th day of study after subjecting the animals to light anesthesia using ether and platelet count determined by making peripheral smear [8]. Results: Platelet count: Alternanthera sessilis leaves aqueous extract at concentrations of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg were found to significantly increase the platelet count in cyclophosphamide-induced rat model. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the platelet augmenting effect of A. sessilis leaves aqueous extract. Further detailed studies are required to establish its usefulness.

EFFECT OF GAMMA IRRADIATION ON ELECTRICAL AND PHOTOELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF Cd1-xMnxTe THIN FILMS

AIIB VI groups of compound semiconductors, their solid solutions, bulk and thin films on their base have wide application possibilities in modern microelectronics. Creation of photosensitive elements and structures on the base of these semiconductors and investigations of their usage potentials in various fields of optoelectronics is one of the most actual problems of modern materials science and engineering. Recently, AII(TM= Mn, Fe, Co, etc)BVI based semimagnetic semiconductors (SMSC) compounds has attracted increasing interest since they considered a promising material for the fabrication of high-performance roomtemperature γ- and x-ray detectors. Such detectors offer great potential for nonproliferation applications, medical imaging, astrophysics research, and monitoring industrial processes, because they are able to operate at ambient temperatures, while providing a high detection efficiency and good energy resolution. The aim of the work is to determine of photosensitivity range of Cd1-xMnxTe SMSC thin films, to investigate their sensitivity to γ- irradiation and to study the creation possibility of γ- ray detectors on the base these thin films. In these respect, VAC and photoconductivity, as well as effect of γ- ray irradiation on these properties has been studied. Results of current investigation reveal that, Cd1-xMnxTe (x=0.07) epitaxial films of compounds are sensitive to γ-ray irradiation, indicating that these materials can be considered as a good candidate for γ-ray detector applications.

The beneficial effect of Pluchea lanceolata on aluminum chloride-induced Alzheimer's disease in rats

Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) causes neuroinflammation in rats, which leads to the development of Alzheimer's disease. The current study focused on the anti-Alzheimer and antioxidant potential of hydromethanolic extracts of Pluchea lanceolata (PL), a well-known Rasna source. Phytoconstituents such as pluchine and moretenol acetate are selected for the PASS online and molecular docking (in silico) experimental model. A total of 36 Wistar rats were divided into VI groups, each with six rats. Group I: normal control, Group II: disease control, Group III: Rivastigmine (0.3 mg/kg, p.o), Group IV and V: Hydromethanolic extract of PL (HMEPL, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, p.o), and Group VI: Ayurvedic Formulation of Rasna (AFR) (1ml/kg, p.o). Except for group I, all of the animals were given Aluminum Chloride (AlCl3) (300 mg/kg, p.o). AlCl3 and plant extracts were given for 20day treatment. On the 0th, 7th, 14th, and 20th days, the behavioural study and changes in body weight were evaluated. Rats were sacrificed on the 21st day, their brains were separated, and antioxidant enzyme levels, protein levels, and neurotransmitter levels were measured. Histopathologies of the cortex and hippocampus parts of the brain were studied. The number of entries, as well as time spent in the closed arm and time taken to ascend the pole, were all increased in Group II animals, but this was reversed in groups treated with 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and1 ml/kg dosages of HMEPL and AFR. In the disease control group, AlCl3 (300 mg/kg, p.o.) caused a 1.5 fold increase in protein content and 1.7 fold increase in malondialdehyde, similarly, 1.3 fold reduction in body weight, 2.2 fold superoxide dismutase, 3.3 fold catalase, and 3.1 fold glutathione level were observed and were corrected and restored in groups treated with HMEPL and AFR. Furthermore, the histopathology findings revealed that HMEPL and AFR provided the cellular-level protection. The active components of HMEPL were found to have anti-Alzheimer and antioxidant potential and were confirmed in an in silico investigation. HMEPL &amp;gt; AFR was the order of anti-Alzheimer and antioxidant effectiveness.

NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF VANDA TESSELLATA AS “RASNA” SPECIES, ON ALUMINIUM CHLORIDE INDUCED ALZHEIMER’S IN RATS

The present study focused on evaluation of neuroprotective effect of hydromethanolic extracts of Vanda tessellate (VT), also considered as Rasna. Aluminum Chloride (AlCl3) induces neuroinflammation in rats and finally the development of AD. PASS online and molecular docking insilico studies were conducted with PPAR-γ for β-sitosterol and AChE for gigantiol. Total 36 trained Wistar rats were divided into VI groups 6 in each. Group I - normal control, Group II – Disease control, Group III – Rivastigmine (0.3mg/kg, p.o), Group IV and V – Hydromethanolic extract of VT (HMEVT, 150mg/kg, 300mg/kg, p.o) respectively, Group VI - Ayurvedic Formulation of Rasna (AFR) (1ml/kg, p.o). All the animals received Aluminum Chloride (AlCl3) (300mg/kg, p.o) except group I. The rats were treated for 20 days but mean time behavioural study, body weight changes were monitored on 0th, 7th, 14th&amp; 20th day. On 21th day, rats were sacrificed, brains were isolated, then antioxidant enzymes levels, protein content and neurotransmitters levels were determined. Histopathology of cortex and hippocampus parts of the brain were studied. Group II animals showed reduction in locomotor activity, increased in the number of entries as well as time spent in closed arm and time taken to climb the pole was increased but it was reversed in groups treated with 150mg/kg, 300mg/kg doses of HMEVT and AFR. Increased level of protein content, malondialdehyde, reduction in body weight and antioxidants enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione were observed in disease control group and it was due to free radicals generation and were corrected and restored in groups treated with HMEVT and AFR. Moreover, the histopathological report also showed cellular level protection efficacy found with HMEVT and AFR. The neuroprotective action of HMEVT was due to the active constituents and was proved in insilico study. The order of neuroprotective efficacy was HMEVT &gt; AFR.

Influence of periodic heteroatom substitution in the aryl rings on optical properties and thermal stability of diarylethene derivatives

Photochromic diarylethene derivatives are one of the most promising candidates for various applications in optoelectronic devices. The heteroatom substitution of the aryl groups of diarylethene derivatives could greatly influence their optical properties and thermal stability. For example, the diarylethene derivatives with two thiophene rings (Dithienylethenes) have longer absorption wavelength, better fatigue resistance, sensitivity and thermal bistability than those with two furan rings. To further understand the influence of the heteroatom substitution in aryl rings, a series of diarylethene derivatives with different heteroatoms in IV (C, Si, Ge), V (N, P, As), and VI groups (O, S, Se) of Periodic Table were theoretically explored with DFT/TD-DFT functionals. According to the predicted results, the substituent effects of increasing atomic weights could influence the optical properties, the relative energies, the thermal bistability of the open isomer and the closed isomers. The maximum optical absorptions of the closed isomers and the open isomers could be finely tuned by these heteroatom groups in visible region of 395∼522 nm and in ultraviolet region of 300∼341 nm, respectively. The diarylethene with Se substituent diarylethene was predicted to have the best thermal bistability of all the nine substitutions and also have comparable photochomic properties than widely-used S diarylethene (Dithienylethenes). As 6π-electron system is indispensable part for nearly all known diarylethene derivates, the study probably provides a useful guideline for the future design of novel Se substituent diarylethene compounds with tunable photochromic properties and improved thermal bistability.

Effect of Cinnamaldehyde on Female Reproductive Hormones in 7, 12 Dimethyl Benzanthracene Induced Ovarian Cancer Rats

Abstract: Ovarian cancer is the deadliest type of cancer in women. It is often presented at an advanced stage and has a poor prognosis. The current treatment methods for this tumor are not safe and have serious side effects. It has been suggested that the use of steroids for hormonal purposes is linked to the development of ovarian cancer. The current study aims to investigate the effects of cinnamaldehyde on these hormones. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of cinnamaldehyde on the reproductive hormones of rats after being induced to develop ovarian cancer. Cinnamaldehyde is an active compound that has been used in Asia for over 4000 years. Cinnamaldehyde has different biological activities including antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, antitumor were reported by many investigators. In the present study, animals were randomly allocated into VI groups: Group -I served as a control with normal water and group-II was drug control (50 mg/kg b. w) rats received only cinnamaldehyde orally for 36 weeks. The rats in group III were given a single dose of 7,12 Dimethyl benzanthracene (100 µg/rat) dissolved in 10 µL of sesame oil to surgically exposed left ovary and maintained up to 36 weeks to initiate ovarian carcinogenesis. Group IV rats received DMBA + cinnamaldehyde 50 mg/kg b. w (before starting the experiment and continued up to 24 weeks). Group V rats received DMBA + cinnamaldehyde 50 mg/kg b. w (25-36 weeks). Group VI rats received DMBA + cinnamaldehyde 50 mg/kg b. w (1-36 weeks). Serum levels of Estrogen, progesterone, LH, FSH were estimated using ELISA. The results showed that significant increase in serum level of Estrogen, LH, FSH, and decreased progesterone in only DMBA treated group when compared with control groups. Also, there was a significant decrease in serum levels of Estrogen, LH, FSH, and increased progesterone in cinnamaldehyde treated groups (dose-dependent) when compared to only DMBA treated group. The results of the present study suggested that cinnamaldehyde has anticancer activity and further investigations are needed for evaluating the anticancer potential and mechanism of its action. Keywords: Cinnamaldehyde, DMBA, Ovarian cancer, Reproductive hormones.

Biological effects of iodine, selenium, sulfur citrates in broiler chickens

This study aimed at the assessment of the I, Se, S citrate effect on the organism of broiler chickens. Feeding of chickens of all groups was carried out by using standard balanced feeds – starter, grower, and finish with the use of group feeders placed at the appropriate height from the floor depending on the poultry height. For the chickens of experimental groups, I, Se, S citrate was added to drinking water daily during the 48th day. To the drinking water of chickens of experimental groups different amounts of the citrate solution were added I (200 mg/L), Se (50 mg/L), S (300 mg/L), prepared by the nanotechnology method. Chickens of the II group received the lowest dose of I, Se, S at the rate of 5 μg I/L, 1.25 μg Se/L, 7.5 μg S/L of drinking water, and for poultry of other experimental groups, it was increased by 2 (III), 4 (IV), 6 (V) and 8 (VI) times compared to II group. Coccidiostat "Kokcisan 12%" (KRKA, Slovenia) was added to the starter and grower feed at the stages of its manufacture in quantities of 0.5 kg/t of feed. Coccidiostat was not added to the final feed. During the 48-day technological period, the clinical condition of the poultry was monitored daily by forage and motor activity, safety, and every 7 days – for growth intensity with the individual determination of body weight on a laboratory scale. The investigation of the blood was carried out from the 35th or 48th day during the growing, period and also investigation of the internal organs – liver, heart, spleen, stomach, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius. The increase of cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and albumin in the blood of II, III, and VI chicken groups was established on the 35th day of the experiment, and the reduction of creatinine in III and VI groups. By that time, the effect of highest dose of I, Se, S caused a decrease in the T3 concentration in the blood of chickens in the VI group compared to the I and II groups. In particular, in the blood of chickens of IV, V and VI groups compared to the I, II, III group under these conditions there was a significant increase in the content of urea, Ca, P, cholesterol, as well as albumin – only in IV group on the 48th day. Triacylglycerols’ content increased in the blood serum of chickens in III and IV groups compared to the II and V groups, but in V group – decreased compared to the III, IV groups. The increase in liver, thymus, and heart mass in the II and V chicken groups was noticed and their decrease in the VI group was revealed compared with the control group. Reliable lower coefficients of the body mass of chickens of III and VI groups may indicate a less notable stimulating biological effect of I, Se, S citrate in these doses on liver development than on the whole organism. The addition of I, Se, S citrate to broiler chickens during the period of growing revealed the difference in their biological action in the presence and absence of the Kokcisan 12% in a mixed fodder. A more notable stimulating effect of low dose of I, Se, S citrate on the growth and development on the chickens' organism was established during the withdrawal of coccidiostatics from their diet. The effect may be due to its inhibitory influence on the biological activity of these elements in the first 35 days of growing. In the final period of chicken growing and withdrawal of ionophore Kokcisan from the diet more noticeable changes were revealed in the studied parameters.

GEOECOLOGICAL STATUS OF LOCAL TERRITORIES AS A PREREQUISITE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF THE WEST POLISSІA REGION

The geoecological status of the territory of the Kozyn Rural United Territorial Community (RUTC) has been analyzed by the following indicators: the structure of the land fund, emissions of pollutants into the air, water use and drainage, solid household waste, the percentage of conservation of the territory. The agrochemical points of the most widespread agricultural produсtion groups of soils, according to which they belong to the V and VI groups and characterized by average quality, are considered. Cartographic models of forest and agricultural land, plowed land, the ratio of ecologically-stabilized lands (ESL) to anthrоpogenicallytransformed lands (ATL) have been constructed. A significant excess of ATL over ESL was found (87.99% / 12.01%), which confirms a very high level of transformation of landscape complexes. The coefficient of economic development of the territory is calculated, which indicates the critical geo-ecological state of the RUTC.According to the results of the SWOT analysis, the weaknesses of theecological block of the sustainable development model of the Kozyn rural (RUTC) were identified, which included: high level of inclusion in the economic circulation of land resources, which threatens the balance of development of agroecosystems; high level of transformation of landscape complexes; a small percentage of forested areas; imperfect solid waste management system; lack of centralized cleaning of drainage systems; insufficient percentage of protected areas in accordance with the requirements of the European environmental legislation.

Morphometric analysis of the efficiency of bone defect substitution with fabric equivalents of bone tissue on the basis of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in dentistry

Bone tissue is a rather dynamic tissue that has the ability to recover from injury without scarring. The differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MМSC) into osteoblasts plays a crucial role in bone regeneration and remodeling. MМSC derived from adipose tissue are considered to be an adequate source for bone tissue engineering because of their capacity for osteogenic differentiation. The effectiveness of osteogenic differentiation of different human MMSC has been demonstrated in the settlement of biocompatible polymer matrices. It was found that MMSC derived from adipose tissue showed a high efficiency of differentiation into osteoblasts. These cells are typically transplanted into three-dimensional porous scaffolds that provide the necessary extracellular environment that contains physical and chemical signals for tissue development and regeneration.The aim of the study: to analyze the results of morphometric studies to determine the effectiveness of the use of tissue equivalents of bone tissue based on multipotent mesenchymal stromal fat cells in dental practice.Material and methods. The experiment was conducted on the Wistar line rats, weighing 200–250 grams, which were divided into VI groups. A bone defect model was formed in the parietal section of the skull of rats. The formed defect implanted the harvested material. Morphometric studies were performed in accordance with the principles of systematic quantitative analysis (Avtandilov GG, 2002). To do this, we used the automatic image processing system „Videotest-Morpho 3.0” (Russia), which contains a binocular research microscope „Biolam”, an analog-to-digital converter, a computer with a high-resolution color printer and software. In the regenerate, the volume particles (Vp, μm3/μm3) of connective tissue, vessels and bone beams, as well as the numerical density of cellular elements (1/μm3) were determined using morphometric methods. The obtained results are processed statistically.Results. After 3 months of observations, clear quantitative positive changes in the structure of the regenerates were observed in the skull defect area of the experimental animals. Thus, in animals of groups IV and VI the volume fraction of bone beams in regenerates increased to 43,90 ± 1,68%, p1 — p2 &lt;0,01 and to 45,10 ± 1,74%, p1, p2, p4 &lt;0,01, respectively, was equal to that in control rats. A decrease in the connective tissue volume fraction was observed in the bone tissue regenerators of the experimental rats, with the minimum values of this parameter in the IV and VI experimental groups: 12,45 ± 2,20% and 10,00 ± 2,15%, p1&lt;0,05, p4&lt; 0,01, respectively, p&gt;0.05. On the 90th day of observation there was a significant decrease in the volume fraction of vessels, which in the IV and VI groups with values 7,44 ± 0.82% and 6,15 ± 0,90%, p2&lt;0.01, respectively, was equal to the data in rats of the control group, p&gt;0,05. In animals of group VI, where the combination of MMSC-AT +PRP + Kolapan was used to repair the bone defect, the maximum increase was determined: the number of osteoblasts and osteocytes, the number of osteoclasts against the background of reduction of fibroblasts and fibrocytes. The normalization of cellular element cell density in group IV rats, where bone defect replacement occurred due to the combination of MMSC-AT +PRP, was quite significant. At the same time, in the animals of this group the number of osteoclasts, р1&lt;0,05 and fibroblasts and fibrocytes was equal to the data in intact animals of the first group, p&gt;0.05, with 1,2 times smaller number of osteoblasts and osteocytes, р&gt;0,05 р1 — р2&gt;0,01.Conclusions. Therefore, by the results of morphometric studies on the model defects of the skull bone of rats proved the suitability of the investigated implants for use, especially with the combination of MMSC-AT +PRP and MMSC-AT +PRP + Kolapan, which provided complete closure of the defect in 90 days.

Reducing urinary oxalate by simultaneous using Sankol herbal drop with oxalate-degrading bacteria

Oxalate degrading bacteria and herbal extracts are new strategy for reducing hyperoxaluria. In Iranian traditional medicine, Sankol oral drop is widely used as an antispasmodic drug to reduce stones from urinary tract. This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effect of oxalate-degrading bacteria and Sankol oral drop in reducing urinary oxalate in rat model. Several bacterial strains, including Lactobacillus (4), Bifidobacterium (2) and L. paracasei (2) (very strong in degrading oxalate in vitro) were used in this study. Male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups (n = 6). The rats of Group I received normal diet and drinking water + 60% ethanol (positive group). Groups II (negative group), III, IV, V, and VI rats received diet containing ethylene glycol (3%) for 30 days. Groups III rats received Sankol with minimum concentration (7.5 ml/kg/b.w), Group IV rats received Sankol with maximum concentration (9 ml/kg/b.w), Group V rats received Sankol with minimum concentration + probiotic, and Group VI rats received Sankol with maximum concentration + probiotic for 30 days. Treatment with Sankol (maximum concentration) and oxalate-degrading probiotic bacteria significantly reduced urinary oxalate (P = .0001). At the end of treatment period, rats in groups II (negative control) showed a high score of CaOx crystal, while rats in VI groups did not show any CaOx crystal. This is the first study on the simultaneous use of Sankol herbal drop and oxalate-degrading probiotic bacteria that showed a significant reduction in urinary oxalate.

VASCULAR RISK FACTORS AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS IN THE PATIENTS WITH CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE

The aim: To assess the severity of cognitive impairment (CI) in patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) depending on the number of vascular risk factors (VRF). Materials and methods: The study consisted of five hundred and eighty patients with CVD (247 females and 333 males) aged from 45 to 89 years (mean age: 64,1±8,9 years). The patients were divided into 6 groups (I, II, III, IV, V, VI) depending on the number of VRF. The examination consisted of a standard clinical evaluation, neurological examination, the application of neuropsychological tests (the MMSE; the PALT/The Paired Associates Learning Test; clock drawing test), laboratory tests, MRI of brain. Results: According to ANOVA, the greater the number of VRF the patients had, the lower was their total MMSE score corresponding to more pronounced cognitive decline (F=2,97, p=0,012). A significant negative correlation between patients' age and their MMSE score was detected regardless of their VRF count. The patients of the V and VI groups had substantially lower parameters of immediate, delayed memory and clock drawing test score comparing to the patients of the I group. Conclusions: The presence of 4 and more VRF was related to more pronounced CI in the patients with CVD. Decline of different aspects of memory, attention, spatial orientation, abstract thinking, planning, concentration, executive and visuospatial skills in groups of patients with 4,5 and 6 vascular risk factors was established. Age was substantially associated with cognitive decline in all the group of patients.

The Effect of Boric Acid on Immune Response in Mice Vaccinated by Proteus Vulgaris Antigen

This study was carried out to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of the Boric acid on the immune responses of mice that vaccinated by Proteus Vulgaris antigens. The study was included six groups; the first group (I) was treated with distilled water. The II group was mice treated with Proteus Vulgaris antigens only, (III) group: injected subcutaneously with a dose of (600 ug/Kg), IV group was injected subcutaneously with a dose of (400 ug /Kg) boric acid. The V and VI groups were treated with p. Vulgaris and boric acid. All these groups were carried out at day 1; then, the mice were killed on day 8 to estimate the parameter. The phagocytic activity index was estimated by Eliza reader. While on day I4 the lymphocyte transformation was estimated by MTT index and by Eliza reader. In this regard, all groups of mice showed different significant increases (P≤ 0.05) in the NBT index as compared with group I, the control group, which was injected with distilled water and group 5 and 6 showed increasing significantly compared with group II. III. IV. On the other side of the study, the results of the lymphocyte transformation index in mice of all groups were showed different significant as compared to group I. The best treatment efficiency was recorded in-group V, VI compared with treated groups II. III. IV). The results demonstrated a clear immunomodulatory effect of boric acid (enhancement of nonspecific immunity, and adaptive immunity) of the treated mice immunized with P. Vulgaris.

DYNAMICS OF INDICATORS OF MARKERS OF BONE METABOLISM IN BONE DEFECT REPLACEMENTFABRIC EQUIVALENTS OF BONE TISSUE ON THE BASIS OF MMSC-AT

Bone tissue is one of the most commonly transplantable and inferior to blood components only. The "gold standard" is still considered to be an autologous bone transplant, but this method has some drawbacks associated with additional surgery. The alternative is the use of allogeneic bone, but in this case there is a risk of immunological rejection of the donor bone and the possibility of infection of the recipient. A promising area for the replacement of volumetric bone defects is the creation of bioimplants based on synthetic biocompatible materials impregnated with growth factors that stimulate bone remodeling, or the settlement of stem (multipotent) cells. Most often, mesenchymal multipotent stromal cells are used for settlement.&#x0D; The aim of the study: to find out the level of expression of BGP, Col 1, VEGF genes as indicators of bone repair and mineralization by replacement of bone defects with tissue equivalents of bone tissue based on multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells from adipose tissue.&#x0D; Materials and methods.The experiment was conducted on the Wistar line rats, weighing 200-250 grams, which were divided into VI groups. A bone defect model was formed in the parietal section of the skull of rats. The formed defect implanted the harvested material. Reverse transcription PCR (OG-PCR) was used to quantify mRNA expression for the BGP-bone marker gla protein; VEGF is a vascular endothelial growth factor and Sol 1 (type 1 collagen). Total RNA was isolated from bone tissue by a standard phenol-chloroform-guanidinisothiocyanate method using a set of RNA-Extra reagents to isolate RNA from blood, tissues, cell cultures in several steps according to the manufacturer's recommendations. The data obtained were processed using Bio-Rad CFX Manager 3.0.The obtained results are processed statistically.&#x0D; Research results and their discussion.The highest number of copies of the BGP gene, at 90 days of observations, was determined in experimental animals of the II and III experimental groups (6,280 ± 0,70 and 6,380 ± 0,72, respectively), the number of which did not differ in statistical significance from the data in the animals of the control group, р˃0.05. However, in animals of IV, V and VI groups the number of copies of BGP-gene was 1.5, 1.4 and 1.6 times smaller in relation to the data in intact rats, p0.05, and did not differ in statistical significance , p1 - p4˃0.05. After 3 months of studies determined the decrease in the activity of the production of the gene Col 1. It was noted that the value of the parameter studied in all study groups was equal to the data in intact animals of group I, p0,05 and among themselves, p1 - p4 р0,05, and ranged from the lowest values in group VI rats - 5,192 ± 0,74, and maximum values in group II animals - 6,200 ± 0,88. After 90 days of experimental studies, the high activity of VEGF gene production in experimental animals, which was equal to the data in control rats, p0,05 was investigated. The maximum activity of VEGF gene production was determined in animals of groups IV, II and VI and ranged from 1,200 ± 0,21 copies in group VI to 1,260 ± 0,22 copies in group IV.&#x0D; Conclusions.Thus, according to molecular genetic analysis of the number of cDNA copies encoding BGP, Col 1 and VEGF genes, the most positive changes that contributed to bone repair, mineralization, and complete closure of the defect were observed with the replacement of bone defects in IVa VI specimens.

Expression and significance of MiR-126 and VEGF in proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

To study the expression and significance of micro ribonucleic acid (miR)-126 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the vitreous body and proliferative membrane tissues of affected eyes and plasma in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). A total of 50 PDR patients admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to January 2018 were collected, including 17 cases in stage IV, 20 cases in stage V, and 13 cases in stage VI according to the DR staging criteria. Another 30 patients with an idiopathic macular hole were selected as control group. After admission, the examinations were performed, venous blood was drawn, and vitrectomy was performed, during which the vitreous body and proliferative membrane tissues were taken. The plasma VEGF content was detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The VEGF protein expression level was detected via Western blotting in vitreous body and proliferative membrane tissues. Moreover, the miR-126 expression was detected via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In the vitreous body tissues, proliferative membrane tissues and plasma, the expression level of miR-126 was significantly lower in control group than that in stage IV, V, and VI groups (p<0.05). The miR-126 expression was significantly lower in stage IV group than that in stage V and VI groups (p<0.05), meanwhile, miR-126 expression was significantly lower in stage V group than that in stage VI group (p<0.05). In the vitreous body tissues, proliferative membrane tissues and plasma, the VEGF mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly higher in control group than those in stage IV, V, and VI groups (p<0.05). The VEGF expressions were significantly higher in stage IV group than those in stage V and VI groups (p<0.05). In addition, VEGF expressions were significantly higher in stage V group than those in stage VI group (p<0.05). Furthermore, the VEGF expression level was negatively correlated with the miR-126 expression level. We found that the abnormally high expression of miR-126 negatively regulates VEGF, which may be one of the important mechanisms of occurrence of PDR. The miR-126 and VEGF content can serve as important predictors for the condition of PDR.

Effect of Sodium Tetraborate on Oxidative Damages in Heart Tissue in Chromium Intoxication

The cardioprotective effects of sodium tetraborate in chromium intoxication, correction of lipid profile and oxidative stress have been investigated. The experiment has been performed on 36 Wistar male rats, divided into 6 groups. I - control; II, III, and IV groups received potassium bichromate (K2Cr2O7) 700 mg/l with drinking water; rats of the III and IV groups received additionally orally a solution of sodium tetraborate (Na2B7O7) in doses of 22.5 mg/kg and 225 mg/kg per day, respectively. Animals of the V and VI groups received orally only Na2B7O7 solution at the rate respectively 22.5 and 225 mg/kg weight per day. The study duration was 21 days. The introduction of K2Cr2O7 increases content of malondialdehyde and carbonial protein in cardiac tissue, activates the antioxidant system of the heart, expands the levels of biomarkers of cardiotoxicity and increases the atherogenic index. The introduction of Na2B7O7 (22.5 mg/kg) reduces the toxic effect of K2Cr2O7 (cardioprotective effect). The use of Na2B4O7 (225 mg/kg) does not give a positive effect. In the group receiving only Na2B4O7 (22.5 mg/kg), inhibition of lipid oxidation and protein is observed, decrease of toxicity of biomarkers and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), i.e. antioxidant effect. On the contrary Na2B4O7 (225 mg/kg) shows the prooxidant property.

A first-principles study of the stability and mechanical properties of ternary transition metal carbide alloys

First-principles calculations were carried out to investigate electronic structure, phase stability, elastic properties, Debye temperature, and hardness of the TiC–HfC and TiC–TaC random solid solutions as functions of composition. For TiC–HfC, significant miscibility gaps with consolute temperatures about 1975 K are revealed in the binodal and spinodal curves. The negative deviation of the elastic moduli and hardness from linearity are obtained for TiC–HfC, whereas, for TiC–TaC, these characteristics are above their linear interpolation between the end members. Concentration dependences of the Debye temperature for both systems have a negative curvature. To clarify a possible mechanism of stabilization or destabilization of these solid solutions and other similar carbide systems, mixing energies of the M11−xM2xC alloys, where M1 and M2 are the transition metals of the IV, V, and partially VI groups, were calculated. It is found that the behavior of mixing energies for the M1C–M2C alloys with M1 and M2 of different groups depending on composition is determined by the difference between cell volumes of the end members, ΔVC, the degree of occupancy of the metal band, and the shape of the density of states in the metal band region. Values of ΔVC mainly are responsible for positive mixing energies of the alloys with valence electron concentrations (VECs) equal to 8 and 9 for which occupancy of the metal band weakly changes with composition. The maximum hardness of the solid solutions for which VECs of the end members are different is predicted to be reached for the compositions with VECs = 8.5–8.75.