Veterinary Unit Research Articles

Pathogenicity potential of enterococci isolated from a Veterinary Biological Isolation and Containment Unit.

Enterococcus are considered an important genus in terms of Hospital-Acquired Infections (HAIs), which means that their characterization regarding resistance and virulence profiles in the hospital environment is of extreme importance. This article addresses this issue through the characterization of enterococci collected from a Veterinary Biological Isolation and Containment Unit (BICU). A total of 73 isolates, collected from different surfaces of a Veterinary BICU, were identified as Enterococcus through PCR at species level, after which 34 isolates were selected as representatives using (GTG)5 fingerprinting. These isolates were further characterized phenotypically in terms of antimicrobial resistance through disk diffusion and of virulence factors' expression. The majority of the enterococci isolated presented resistance to erythromycin (79.4%), ampicillin (73.5%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (70.6%), tetracycline (67.6%), ciprofloxacin (58.8%) and levofloxacin (50.0%), and were able to produce hemolysin (88.2%) and biofilm (82.3%). Furthermore, in terms of pathogenicity, three isolates (8.8%) were classified as high threats and two (5.9%) as moderate threats. The degree of resistance, production of virulence factors and the percentage of isolates classified as moderate or high threat means that a constant vigilance of such strains in veterinary units, but also in clinics and hospitals in general, is an important tool in terms of infection prevention and consequent reduction of HAIs.

Tularemia on the rise in Switzerland? A one health approach is needed!

In the last 10years, an increase intularemiacases has been observed in both humans and animals in Switzerland.In these, infection with Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of the zoonotic disease tularemia, can occurthrough arthropodvectors or contact to infected animals or exposure to contaminated environmental sources. Currently,we are only able to postulatepotentialaetiologies: (i)behavioralchanges of humans with more exposure to endemic habitats of infected arthropod vectors; (ii) an increased rate of tularemia infected ticks; (iii) increasing numberand geographical regionsof tick biotopes; (iv) increasing and/or more diverse reservoir populations; (v) increasing presence ofbacteriain the environment; (vi) raised awarenessand increased testingamong physicians; (vii) improved laboratory techniques includingmolecular testing. To approach these questions, a one-health strategy is necessary. A functioningcollaboration between public health, human medicine, and diagnostic and veterinary units for the control oftularemiamust be established.Furthermore,the public should be includedwithin citizen-supported-science-projects.

Retrospective analysis of enzootic bovine leucosis spread in Republic of Dagestan considering natural and climatic conditions

Retrospective analysis of enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL) data received by the Republic of Dagestan Veterinary Laboratory and Veterinary Department of the Republic of Dagestan was made. From 1988 to 2022, the Republican veterinary laboratories serologically tested3,205,118 animal sera for the antibodies to bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) antigen, and 76,133 (2.4%) of them were positive. High BLV infection levels were detected in 1988 (32.2%), 1989 (21.3%), 1991 (23.3%), 1993 (23.0%), 2005 (24.2%), 2010 (23.0%), and the lowest ones were reported in the recent years: 2020 – 1.0%, 2021 – 1.0%, 2022 – 0.5%. In2022, diagnostic testing of 875,312 serum samples was carried out, which included 476,493 sera collected from bovines in high-altitude and mountainous areas of Dagestan. In the plain areas, 255,312 bovine animals were tested for leucosis, and 122,967 animals were tested in the sub-mountain areas. The animal infection with BLV in these natural and climatic conditions was reported as follows: high-altitude and mountainous areas– 0.5% (2,313 animals), plain areas– 0.8% (1,925 animals), sub-mountain areas– 0.1% (109 animals). Additional 20,540 serum samples were tested in the laboratories at the transhumance pasture veterinary units, and 170 BLV seropositive animals (0.83%) were detected. No EBL was diagnosed in the laboratories of the Derbent, Kochubeysk, Ulankholsk, Bakressk veterinary units, but other four laboratories detected high level of BLV seropositive animals (Kizlyarsk– 14.6%, Babayurt – 3.6%, Tarumovsk– 3.0%, Kyzylyurt– 1.06%). Thus, EBL is widespread in animals, especially in the plain areas of the Republic of Dagestan.

High-throughput DNA metabarcoding for determining the gut microbiome of captive critically endangered Malayan tiger (Pantheratigrisjacksoni) during fasting.

The Malayan tiger (Pantheratigrisjacksoni) is a critically endangered species native to the Malaysian Peninsula. To imitate wild conditions where tigers do not hunt every day, numerous wildlife sanctuaries do not feed their tigers daily. However, the effects of fasting on the gut microbiota of captive Malayan tigers remains unknown. This study aimed to characterise the gut microbiota of captive Malayan tigers by comparing their microbial communities during fasting versus normal feeding conditions. This study was conducted at the Melaka Zoo, Malaysian Peninsula and involved Malayan tigers fasted every Monday. In total, ten faecal samples of Malayan tiger, two of Bengal tiger (outgroup) and four of lion (outgroup) were collected and analysed for metabarcoding targeting the 16S rRNA V3-V4 region. In total, we determined 14 phyla, 87 families, 167 genera and 53 species of gut microbiome across Malayan tiger samples. The potentially harmful bacterial genera found in this study included Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Solobacterium, Echerichiashigella, Ignatzschineria and Negativibacillus. The microbiome in the fasting phase had a higher composition and was more diverse than in the feeding phase. The present findings indicate a balanced ratio in the dominant phyla, reflecting a resetting of the imbalanced gut microbiota due to fasting. These findings can help authorities in how to best maintain and improve the husbandry and health of Malayan tigers in captivity and be used for monitoring in ex-situ veterinary care unit.

Customer experiences drive the need of innovation in veterinary practices

Animal healthcare practices are continuously evolving, and new technologies and innovations have brought significant changes to the veterinary industry. This article aims to explore the importance of innovation in animal healthcare facilities and propose some potential innovations that can revolutionize veterinary practices. The article draws on existing literature on innovation in healthcare and veterinary practices and identifies key challenges and opportunities in animal healthcare.In the article the Author attempted to answer three research questions: What innovative activities should be implemented in veterinary clinics? Are customers of veterinary units satisfied with the services? What kind of organizational problems they experience when using veterinary services? The aim of the conducted research was to analyze the level of satisfaction of pet owners when using veterinary services and propose some innovative activities that can be implemented in animal healthcare facilities to improve their functionality. For this purpose, the Author conducted relevant literature reviews, inductive and deducting reasoning and 102 in-depth interviews (IDI).The results of the study may be useful to other researchers as well as executives in the animal healthcare facilities.

ИЗ ИСТОРИИ КАЗНЫ УФЫ

In the article archival documents of implementation of the Letter of Legitimacy of rights and benefits to Rus- sian towns, signed on April 21, 1785 by Catherine II, are investigated and the history of Ufa city budget formation in XIX century for realization of its vital functions in the framework of the city government is examined. Of special interest are the tables of Ufa's annual incomes and expenses, the reports of Ufa town council on the incoming and outgoing money, bills of exchange and other monetary documents. The following are consid- ered the main sources of replenishment of Ufa's treasury: taxes and dues from land (for construction of houses, different enterprises and institutions) and real estate (profitable houses, drinking houses, inn, etc.), dues from trade and crafts (registration of different documents, certificates, auction sales), revenues from exploitation of the city property (trade rows, bathhouses, warehouses, etc.), deductions from profits of public banks, libraries, theatres and museums, and also fines and donations from different public organizations and private persons. Using a concrete example, the structure of the cost estimate was examined: participation in the maintenance of government institutions; maintenance of the city public administration and orphan's court; military service; maintenance of the fire brigade; public education; medical, veterinary and sanitary units, etc. Of interest is the history of discussions on the consolidation of the bank in the bishop's quarter, the erection of a fence around Ushakov Park, and the issue of an ammeter and photometer for checking the light intensity of electric lamps. The presented materials draw special attention to the detailed consideration of the budget items of income and expenditure by the members of the Ufa City Council, the care of the savings of the citizens of the city, the expenditure of funds with the actual economic situation and with the forecast for the future.

A 6-year retrospective report of livestock parasitic diseases in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.

Background:Parasites contribute significantly to the decline of livestock production and productivity and consequently hamper the availability of protein food resources.Aim:This study aims to report the prevalence of parasitic diseases in the Eastern Cape Province (ECP), South Africa. Method:Retrospective data of animal diseases in the ECP from 2013 to 2018 was obtained from the veterinary unit of the Department of Rural and Agrarian Reform database, decoded analyzed, and interpreted. Results:The results reveal a significant association (p < 0.05) between local municipality, seasons, year, and livestock species. Endoparasites (75%) were the highest reported in the year 2015, whereas ectoparasites (38.1%) and fly parasites (30.4%) were mostly reported in the year 2016. The highest prevalence of fly parasites and endoparasites was found in autumn (87%) and spring (75%). The local municipalities with the highest prevalence were Amahlathi (fly parasite, 91.3%), Dr Beyers Naude (ectoparasite, 43.6%), Intsika Yethu (endoparasite, 75%), Makana (protozoa, 45.8%), Mbhashe (hemoparasite, 40%), Raymond Mhlaba municipality (hemoparasite, 12.5%), and Lukhanji (fly parasite, 8.7%). Parasitic diseases diagnosed in the province between 2013 and 2018 were babesiosis (1.7%), anaplasmosis (2.1%), distomatosis (0.1%), goat mange (0.2%), and sheep scab (94%). Conclusion:The prevalence of parasitic diseases was found unevenly distributed in the local municipalities of the ECP and mostly diagnosed in autumn and spring compared to summer and winter. This study provides baseline information to guide policy-making on disease preventative actions. The recommended action would include appropriate and timely use of acaricide to mitigate problems associated with parasitic diseases.

ADMINISTRATIVE SUPERVISION OVER THE ACTIVITIES OF THE CITY SELF-GOVERNMENTS OF THE EKATERINOSLAV PROVINCE (1870 – 1913)

The article reveals the importance of administrative supervision over city self-governments in the Ekaterinoslav Province (1870-1913). Their social orientation has been established. Expenses provided a priority increase in expenditures on schooling and medi-cine, veterinary and sanitary units. State control institutions generally did not interfere with the budget policy of municipal self-government institutions and its humanitarian component, although misunderstandings sometimes arose.It has been revealed that the implementation of state control over public administrations in the Ekaterinoslav Province often faced the aspirations of self-government bodies in secondary issues of municipal organization which were incompatible with the law in the opinion of its hosts. Disputes arose mostly on the basis of different understandings of the rules of sale and purchase of goods, measures to regulate traffic on city streets etc.It has been confirmed that in exercising their powers in the field of control over the comp-liance with the law by city self-governments, state institutions of the provincial level some-times showed inappropriate competence in the field of interpretation of imperial legislation, which resulted in erroneous decisions. Certain decisions of public administrations of cities also sometimes violated imperial law and were subject to unconditional termination or revocation.It has been proved that the public administrations of the Province widely used the legally regulated opportunity to defend their decisions in the Senate. The specific Senate cases started in connection with the supervision over the legality of decisions of city self-governments and the provincial presence for the zemstvo and city affairs give the impression that they were considered on the basis of a qualified verification of compliance with imperial law.It has been established the administrative control was implemented slowly, and formula-tions of thoughts on appealing the decisions of the Provincial Presence were deprived of speed and efficiency. The provincial zemstvo sinned against evading operative decisions. At the same time, there was a dishonest delay in the circulation of documents in all parts of public administ¬ration and local self-government.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis SIT42 Infection in an Abused Dog in Southern Italy.

A case of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is described in a dead adult male dog in Southern Italy. The carcass was found by the Health Authority in a gypsy encampment. It was admitted to our forensic veterinary medicine unit, with a suspicion of cruelty to the animal. Necropsy showed beating and traumatism signs, and mistreating was confirmed. Gross lesions included multiple nodular hepatic lesions, hemorrhagic enteritis with enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, body cavity effusions, and an adrenal neoplasm. Bacteriological and molecular analyses were carried out on the liver lesions that enabled to identify M. tuberculosis SIT42 (LAM9). Drug-resistance patterns were evaluated by screening mutations on the rpoB and katG genes that showed susceptibility to both rifampin and isoniazid, respectively. Very few studies report canine tuberculosis, and little is known about the disease in Italy. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of Mycobacterium tuberculosis SIT42 infection in a dog in Italy.

Zgnilec amerykański jako choroba zakaźna pszczół miodnych – wybrane aspekty prawno-środowiskowe

Przedmiot badań: Publikacja dotyczy problematyki związanej ze zwalczaniem choroby za­kaźnej pszczół miodnych (Apis mellifera), jaką jest zgnilec amerykański (Paenibacillus larvae, American foulbrood, zgnilec złośliwy), w świetle polskich unormowań prawnych. Przedsta­wione rozważania obejmują co do zasady ustawę z dnia 11 marca 2004 r. o ochronie zdrowia zwierząt oraz zwalczaniu chorób zakaźnych zwierząt, a także rozporządzenie Ministra Rol­nictwa i Rozwoju Wsi z dnia 11 lipca 2016 r. w sprawie zwalczania zgnilca amerykańskiego pszczół oraz Kodeks dobrej praktyki produkcyjnej w pszczelarstwie jako regulację niemającą mocy wiążącej. Ponadto przedmiotem artykułu jest także wykazanie roli pszczół w całym eko­systemie wraz z danymi statystycznymi prezentującymi m.in. liczbę pszczelarzy i pni pszcze­lich w Polsce za lata 2009–2018 oraz liczbę ognisk zgnilca amerykańskiego w Polsce w latach 2012–2018.1&#x0D; Cel badawczy: Teza badawcza zmierza do udzielenia odpowiedzi na podstawowe pytanie –czy rozwiązania przyjęte w polskim prawodawstwie w wystarczający sposób chronią populacjępszczoły miodnej przed zagrożeniem w postaci zgnilca amerykańskiego. Metoda badawcza: W publikacji zastosowano formalno-dogmatyczną analizę tekstu prawnego z perspektywy nauk biologicznych i weterynaryjnych. W tym celu wykorzystano w opracowaniu także informacje uzyskane z Ministerstwa Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi, Ministerstwa Środowiska, Instytutu Ogrodnictwa – Zakładu Pszczelnictwa w Puławach, a także raporty pokontrolne Naj­wyższej Izby Kontroli.&#x0D; Wyniki: Zdaniem Autorów polskie regulacje prawne w zakresie zwalczania zgnilca amerykań­skiego należy co do zasady ocenić pozytywnie, choćby z uwagi na fakt, że jako jedyne schorzenie zakaźne pszczół miodnych na terytorium Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej nieprzerwanie od 1946 r. pod­lega z urzędu obowiązkowemu zwalczaniu. Nie oznacza to jednak, że nie dostrzeżono żadnych mankamentów w analizowanych unormowaniach prawnych. Takim przykładem jest chociażby brak ustawowego obowiązku rejestracji założonych pasiek w weterynaryjnych jednostkach or­ganizacyjnych przez wszystkie podmioty utrzymujące pszczoły wraz informowaniem o każdej zmianie stanu prawnego lub faktycznego związanego z prowadzoną działalnością.

Alanya Belediyesi Hizmet Birimlerinin Maliyet Etkinliği: Veri Zarflama Analizi Uygulaması (Alanya Municipality Service Units Cost Efficiency: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA))

Purpose – Alanya Municipality is one of the most densely populated district municipalities of Turkey. This study included measurements of citizen satisfaction,operational efficiency and cost efficiency of 14 sub-service units of the municipality. With these measurements, it is aimed to measure whether the municipality can provide more supervised and more efficient service delivery and to guide the municipality in effective resource allocation. Design/methodology/approach – In the first stage of the study, a citizen satisfaction questionnaire was applied and the general satisfaction level of the services provided by the municipality was measured with a 5-point Likert Scale. The sample is a simple random sample, reaching 1544 citizens in total. The general satisfaction scores obtained for each service unit were determined as the output variable for the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method used as the cost-efficiency analysis method. Input variables used in the study are budget, purchase expenditures and number of employees Findings – At the end of the measurement, the general satisfaction score was calculated as 3,579. This score shows that the overall satisfaction level of the citizens for the services provided by Alanya Municipality is around 71.5%. In addition, general satisfaction scores were obtained for the sub-service units of the municipality. The results of the efficiency analysis of Alanya Municipality from 14 sub-services unit; culture and social affairs unit, information processing unit, parks and gardens service unit, planning and project unit, sports affairs unit and veterinary service units were found to be effective. Discussion – The efficiency of 14 service units of the municipality was measured. Six of the 14 service units were found to be effective. The cost efficiency analysis was performed for the other 8 ineffective service units and improvement figures required for the establishment of efficiency were presented. As a result, evaluations were obtained on how to allocate resources for the effectiveness.

Retained placenta in Relation with Blood Components in Egyptian crossbred cattle

&lt;p&gt; The present study was carried out in the veterinary units on 14 normal cows and 32 cows with Retained Placenta. Cows were chosen after about 6 to 12 hours from parturition in Shebin Elkom, Menoufia, Egypt.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; Results show that there was very highly significant increase of concentrations of all blood biochemical components, macro elements and micro elements in normal cows than those in retained fetal membranes cows except in globulin, Sodium and Manganese. On the other hand, plasma concentrations of biochemical components were highly significant between summer and winter in cholesterol, total protein and albumin but it wasn’t significant in glucose, globulin and A/G ratio. Moreover, there was very highly significant in plasma concentration between summer and winter in all macro elements except potassium and Ca/P ratio. Also, there was very highly significant in plasma concentration between summer and winter in all micro elements except Manganese. Meanwhile, plasma concentrations of biochemical components were not significant between parities except in A/G ratio. Furthermore, there was no significant in plasma concentration between summer and winter in all macro elements. But, there was very highly significant (P≤0.01) in plasma concentration of Cu and Cd between summer and winter, and it was significant (P≤0.05) in Fe and Se but, there was no significant in Co, Zn, Mn, and Mo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; The aim of this study was to determine blood plasma constituents and inorganic macro and micro elements in the case of retained placenta in crossbred cattle under Egyptian conditions.&lt;/p&gt;

Occurrence of canine hip dysplasia, cranial cruciate ligament rupture and patellar luxation in dogs in a retrospective study of 100 orthopedic cases

Canine hip dysplasia (CHD), cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CrCLR) and patellar luxation (PL) are the main causes of lameness in orthopedics of dogs. The present study evaluated dogs with these conditions attended at the Veterinary Unit of the Pontifical Catholic University of Parana (PUCPR), between the years 2014 and 2018. A 100 charts were analyzed, the animals were divided by weight [w1 (0 - 20 kg), w2 (20.1 - 40 kg), w3 (40.1 - 60 kg), w4 (60.1 - 80 kg)], age [puppy (0-1year), adult (1.1-7 years), aged (> 7 years)], gender, reproductive status (neutered and non-neutered), PL degrees (I to IV), and affected limb. The correlation of the degree of PL with gender was analyzed by Mann Whitney. The degree of PL with weight and age by Kruskal-Wallis. Other data were correlated with the diseases by the Chi-Square Test. In the w1 category, the prevalence of CrCLR and LP was 73.7% and 87%, respectively, while the majority of CHD (65.3%) was found in the w2 category. Most dogs with CHD were male (54.9%), for PL most were female (89%), whereas in CrCLR there was no gender predisposition, as there was no predisposition regarding age and reproductive status for any of the conditions. The highest prevalence of affections was CHD (44%), followed by PL (16%) and CrCLR (8%). Concerning comorbidities, 3% of the cases had CHD, PL and CrCLR, another 3% had CHD and CrCLR, 2% CHD and PL, 24% CrCLR and PL, totalizing 51% of animals with CHD, 38% with CrCLR and 45% with PL. These findings elucidates that CHD, CrCLR and PL can be considered concomitantly in unresolved cases of lameness in pelvic limbs of dogs, therefore tests should be performed to rule out such conditions. The data obtained are similar to the literature consulted, however, prevalence and correlations remain not well understood

118. Prospective animal study of 5 FDA-approved cervical artificial discs

BACKGROUND CONTEXT Cervical arthroplasty is an increasingly popular alternative surgical option to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy refractory to conservative management. A number of FDA-approved cervical artificial discs are on the market with varying designs. The artificial discs may be categorized in several ways, eg, constrained, semi-constrained, and unconstrained, in terms of the mobility of the axis of rotation. Alternatively, they may be classified based on the number of mobile components (typically one, two, or three components). Another way to classify them is to look at their articulation point: metal-on-metal, polymer-on-metal, or fluid-filled capsule. Despite the varying designs, most existing studies in the literature are focused on comparing one particular device to cervical arthrodesis. Studies providing direct in vivo comparison of these various designs are limited. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to provide direct in vivo comparison of five mechanically and materialistically different FDA-approved cervical artificial discs by using a previously validated caprine model. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING We performed a prospective study of adult female Alpine goats. These goats underwent C3-4 cervical arthroplasty with an FDA-approved cervical artificial disc under general anesthesia. The animals were monitored in a veterinary unit for six months. X-ray imaging was performed at the time of surgery and at regular intervals up to six months. PATIENT SAMPLE A total of 21 goats underwent C3-4 cervical arthroplasty. Group A (n=5) received Bryan (Medtronic) (unconstrained one-piece enclosed design). Group B (n=5) received ProDisc-C (Centinel Spine) (semi-constrained two-piece open metal-on-polymer design). Group C (n=4) received Mobi-C (Biomet Zimmer) (unconstrained three-piece open metal-polymer-metal design). Group D (n=3) received Prestige LP (Medtronic) (semi-constrained two-piece open metal-on-metal design). Group E (n=4) received Secure C (Globus Medical) (semi-constrained three-piece open metal-polymer-metal design). OUTCOME MEASURES During the observation period, the goats were observed for signs of pain and alterations in behavior. Radiographs were used to assess for hardware-related complications. METHODS As outlined above. RESULTS No goat in Group A had adverse effects. One out of five goats in Group B had anterior extrusion at three months. All four goats in Group C experienced anterior extrusion (three at one week and one at one month). Three out of three goats in Group D demonstrated anterior migration (one extruded at two months; one extruded at three months; one migrated anteriorly but did not extrude by the end of three months). One out of four in Group E anteriorly migrated at one week but did not extrude. CONCLUSIONS This caprine model simulates a highly active and flexible human cervical spine. Open multipiece semi-constrained or unconstrained designs with permissible translation of axis of rotation may be susceptible to anterior migration and possibly complete extrusion out of the disc space followed by disintegration. This should be considered when evaluating a patient for possible cervical arthroplasty and choosing a specific cervical disc prosthesis. FDA DEVICE/DRUG STATUS Medtronic Bryan (Approved for this indication), Medtronic Prestige LP (Approved for this indication), Centinel Spine ProDisc-C (Approved for this indication), Biomet Zimmer LDR Mobi-C (Approved for this indication), Globus Secure C (Approved for this indication).

Zoonotic Diseases Prevention Program for Veterinary Workers in Rural Health Units at Benha City

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Context: Zoonotic diseases are infectious diseases that naturally transmitted from animals to humans. Aims: The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Zoonotic Diseases prevention program for Veterinary workers in Rural Health Units at Benha City. Methods: A quasi-experimental design. The study was carried out in Veterinary Health Units at Benha City. A convenience sample used which includes (85) Veterinary workers. Two tools used for collecting data: 1) A structured interviewing questionnaire to assess: a) demographic characteristics, b) medical history of previous exposure to Zoonotic diseases and c) knowledge of Veterinary workers regarding zoonotic diseases. 2) An observational checklist sheet was used to assess: a) practices of veterinary workers regarding the prevention of zoonotic diseases, b) veterinary health unit environmental condition. Results: More than three quarters (76.5%) of veterinary workers were male, less than half (45.9%) aged ranged from 30 &lt; 40 years with mean±SD (32.3±6.62) and about one third (31.8%) of them were secondary education. The majority (89.4%) of veterinary workers had poor total knowledge score regarding zoonotic diseases pre-program intervention compared to more than half (55.3%) of them had good total knowledge score post-program intervention. On the other hand, about two thirds (62.4%) of veterinary workers had unsatisfactory total practices score regarding zoonotic diseases pre-program intervention compared to more than three quarters (78.8%) of them had satisfactory total practices score post-program. Conclusion: Post-program score was higher than the pre-program score both in knowledge and practices of veterinary workers regarding zoonotic diseases, and there is a positive correlation between total knowledge and total practice pre and post-program (P=0.000). The study recommends an illustrated booklets and brochures in each Veterinary Health Unit focus on the use of protective methods during contact with animals and adherence to adequate sanitary standards.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

A Comparative in vivo Study of Semi-constrained and Unconstrained Cervical Artificial Disc Prostheses.

The objective of this study is to directly compare different types of cervical artificial disc implants using an in vivo model capable of simulating the axial load on a neck that is similar to the human neck. Cervical arthroplasty was performed at C3-4 in 14 healthy female adult Alpine goats. The goats were divided into three groups. Group A received Bryan (unconstrained one-piece design); Group B received ProDisc-C (semi-constrained two-piece design); and Group C received Mobi-C (unconstrained three-piece design) artificial discs. The goats were monitored in a veterinary unit for 6 months with radiography at regular intervals. Each goat tolerated cervical arthroplasty well and had satisfactory placement of their implant per intra-operative radiography. Implants monitored in Group A demonstrated no migration. One out of five implants in Group B experienced anterior migration at 3 months. In Group C, anterior migration and disintegration occurred in all four implants, with migration occurring during the first postoperative week in three implants and after 5 weeks in the fourth. Unconstrained multi-piece artificial cervical discs may be prone to anterior migration and extrusion out of the disc space. This outcome deserves attention in individuals with a hypermobile neck and/or an occupation involving the use of a head-supported mass, such as helmets.

The use of business models in veterinary units

The use of business models in veterinary units

Application of breeders to technical recommendations in the field of raising and caring for sheep in some villages of Behira Governorate

The research aimed to identifying the level of application of the breeders to the technical recommendations in the field of raising and caring sheep in the Behira Governorate. The largest center in the field of sheep breeding and caring was selected in Wadi al-Natroun. The center contains four main villages; the number of breeders in the four villages was 690. The data were collected using the personal interview and used frequencies, percentages, means, and alpha coefficient .The main results were: About 68.16% of the respondents were medium application of technical recommendations in the field of sheep breeding and caring. Respondents resort to eleven sources to obtain information about sheep breeding and caring and there are four sources that have an advanced ranking were personal experience (90.6%), other breeders (76.1%), neighbors and relatives (73.9%) and the veterinary unit (70.3%). There were 16 obstacles faced by sheep breeders, the main obstacles facing them were the increase in the prices of concentrated feeds (73.2%), the increase in the rental value of agricultural land (69.6%) and the high costs of veterinary treatment (64.5%). Respondents need some extension services and the most needed services are the regular follow-up of sheep (82.6%), providing cheap feed concentrates (81.9%), and continuing awareness of the most important recommendations in the field of sheep breeding (75.4%).

Application of the DPSEEA Model to Healthcare Waste Management.

The use of health indicators is indispensable for understanding the complex relationship between the environmental and health fields. For the proposition of environmental health indicators, the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MH) recommends using a model proposed by the World Health Organization. This model is composed of the following elements: Driving Force, Pressure, State, Exposure, Effect, and Action; it is called the DPSEEA model. The objective of this study is to propose the application of this model in healthcare waste (HCW) management. This study was performed by documentary research using two data sources: a) technical reports on research on HCW from the last 15 years (outpatient, dental, hospital, veterinary, university, and primary care unit) at the University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil; and b) the MH manual entitled "Environmental Health: Basic Guide for the Construction of Indicators". The results show that the model is relevant because it makes it possible to analyse a particular context, proposing indicators and defining specific actions for the case of this study, to monitor and improve methods of managing HCW. The results also show that the proposed model is an important analytical tool for both medical waste management and planning actions that will minimize risks, particularly chemical and biological, resulting in environmental health and protection.

Blood Biochemical Components and Progesterone Hormone on Day of Estrus in Crossbred Cattle in Egypt

Deficiencies or excess minerals such as P, Cu, and Zn are associated with subnormal fertility and anoestrus conditions in cows. This study was conducted in a veterinary unit in Menufiya, Egypt. Eighteen head of crossbred cows were randomly selected at random at estrus time (estrus group) and as a control 14 head of crossbred cows were selected from newly-calving dams at about 6-12 hours after calving (control group). The aim of this study was to use the components of biochemistry and progesterone hormone on estrus day of crossbreeding cattle in Egypt. The information from this study will be used to confirm estrus time to improve mating percentage. In blood plasma, the concentrations of all biochemical components and progesterone concentrations in estrus animals are higher than control cows except globulin. The results showed that blood plasma from control animal obtained Mg, Ca / P ratio, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, and Mo concentration is higher than estrus cattle. On the other hand, blood plasma concentrations of Na, K, Ca, P, Mn, and Fe are higher in estrus cattle. The progesterone concentration of estrus cattle is lower during summer than in winter. In estrus cows, higher plasma macro-elements were found in winter than in summer except for K, Ca and Ca/P ratio. On the other side of estrus cattle, all trace elements of blood plasma are higher in winter than in summer except Zn, Mn, Se, and Fe.