Colleges Of Veterinary Medicine Research Articles

Caseous lymphadenitis: A case of sheep and its management in Ethiopia

Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is a contagious and chronic bacterial disease of animals that affects the lymphatic system with the formation of abscesses. This case report documents a sheep diagnosed with CLA that was brought to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Addis Ababa University College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture (AAU-CVMA), Bishoftu on March 06/2022. The primary complaint was weakness, anorexia, and a slight, fluctuating, sickleshaped, enlarged swelling in the neck region between the ear and jaws, which developed due to a laceration by a wire on the fence. Physical and clinical examination revealed increased body temperature (40.7oC) and respiratory rate (44 breaths/min) and mildly fluctuating swelling on lymph nodes. Anorexia, coughing, general ill thrift, exercise intolerance, and enlargement of subcutaneous tissues and lymph nodes around the neck region were observed. Aspiration of the swelling revealed thick, pale greenish-cheesy pus. Using the Ethiopian Differential Diagnosis and Information Environment App-based diagnosis and bacterial culture of the pus revealed the case as CLA. It was managed by surgical removal of the pus, topical wound spray, and systemic administration of fortified procaine penicillin for five days intramuscular and once topically on the site, respectively. The sheep recovered after a month. In conclusion, CLA is a challenging suppurative disease of sheep and goats that can be successfully treated by topical wound management and systemic penicillin therapy.

Serological Surveillance of Equine Leptospirosis in Croatia in the Period From 2012 to 2022: A Key Insight Into the Changing Epizootiology.

Leptospirosis is re-emerging zoonotic bacterial disease of global importance that affects domestic and wild animals and humans. Due to the public health importance, control of disease in Croatia is being implemented by monitoring the seroprevalence of equine leptospirosis and it is regulated by the law. In the period from 2012 to 2022, a total of 61,724 serum samples from apparently healthy horses were admitted to the Laboratory for leptospires, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb. Serum samples were tested for Leptospira spp. antibodies using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Samples were considered seropositive with a cut-off titre 1:200 for Bratislava and 1:400 for other Leptospira spp. serovars. Out of 61,724 serum samples tested, 6,665 (10.80%) were found seropositive for at least one Leptospira serovar. In the studied period, seroprevalence varied between 5.00% and 15.94%. The highest seroprevalence was found for serovar Pomona (41.98%) and serovar Grippotyphosa (31.34%), followed by Sejroe (8.03%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (7.05%) and Bratislava (6.47%). Results indicated that horses in Croatia are particularly exposed to Leptospira spp. infections. The most prevalent presumed infective serovar was Pomona increasing each year. Investigated horses were randomly selected and healthy and most seropositive horses have anamnestic titre due to previous infection. This is the first study in Europe reporting such high seropositivity for the serovar Pomona in apparently healthy horses. According to the results of the present study, the question arises of the possible evolutionary adaptation of the pathogenic serovar Pomona as dominant for horses.

Influence of age and vaccination interval on canine parvovirus, distemper virus, and adenovirus serum antibody titers

Canine core vaccine titer screenings are becoming increasingly popular in veterinary practice as a tool to guide vaccination decisions, despite a lack of supportive, peer-reviewed evidence-based literature. Additionally, it has been suggested that the canine core vaccine duration of host protective immunity can persist past the currently recommended vaccination interval. Thus, this study evaluated serum antibody titers against three core antigens in dogs with known vaccination histories and lifestyles, analyzing the effect of life stage, exposure risk, and time since last vaccination (TSLV). Clinically healthy dogs (n = 188) presenting to the primary care services of three colleges of veterinary medicine were selected to represent a variety of ages, breeds, and vaccination history. Serum antibody titers for canine parvovirus (CPV), canine distemper virus (CDV), and canine adenovirus-2 (CAV2) were measured via virus neutralization and hemagglutination inhibition. CAV2 and CPV titers decreased, while CDV titers had a decreasing trend with increasing time since last vaccination or vaccination interval. When assessing circulating antibody levels historially associated with protective immunity across various vaccination intervals, 62% (95%CI 36–82%; 8/13) of dogs had positive titers for CDV 5 years post last vaccination, while 92% (95%CI 67–99%; 12/13) of dogs were positive for CAV2 and CPV. Both advanced age and life stage were associated with lower titers and thus, identify a canine population cohort likely at higher disease risk. The results of this study revealed that patient duration of core vaccine-mediated immunity changes with a number of variables, with animal aging and time since vaccination influencing host humoral immunity. This provides further support for the performance of canine core antibody titers to assess whether a vaccine booster and/or specific type of booster is warranted.

Department of Microbiology, Collage of Veterinary Medicine, University of Diyal, Iraq

This study was done at the college of Veterinary Medicine, University of Diyala, from September 2021 to April 2022 to assess the seroprevalence and molecular detection of avian influenza virus (AIV) H5N8 in layer chickens. All samples came from 8 commercial flocks of layer chickens. Clinical sings included, severe respiratory infection with enlargement of the head, neck, and prominent edema of the face, followed by excessive lacrimation, sinusitis, severe rales, and cyanosis in all parts of unfeather skin predominantly the wattles comb, and the legs. In this regard, ELISA was used as a serological test and RT-PCR as a molecular detection technique. Accordingly, (364) serum samples from 8 probable AIV (H5N8) infected layer farms were collected and subjected to ELISA test using commercial kit that specific for IgG antibodies to AIV H5N8. The results showed a significant increase of IgG antibodies in such serum samples at days 70 and 200 of age. According to the instruction manual of ELISA kit manufacturer and to mean titers of layers of present study, all farms are infected with AIVH5N8 strain. However, at the age of 200 days, 48 postmortem tissue samples including trachea, lung and liver of affected birds were collected from clinically and sub-clinically infected flocks from all farms. These samples were processed, RNA extracted and submitted to RT-PCR using specific primers for H5N8 strain. The results showed that 32 out of the 48 tissue samples (66.6%) tested positive for H5N8.The resulted Amplicon (320bp) was commercially sequenced and analyzed. The sequencing of the local AIV H5N8 revealed a 99% sequence identity with the reference sequences. The detected strain was registered in GenBank data (NCBI) under acc.number ON247929.1. Phylogenetic tree for locally detected virus in comparison to data from of NCBI was created and showed that the investigated S1(ON247929.1, AIV (A/laying hens/Iraq/(H5N8) segment 4 hemagglutinin (HA) gene, partial cds, local sample is closely related to reference isolates from the NCBI acc. no. of MW961428.1, MW961444.1, MW961476.1, MW961436.,1 and MW961484.1. These strains of the Influenza H5 virus have been deposited from Nigeria.

Parasite Prevalence in Feral Swine (Sus scrofa) from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA.

Feral swine (Sus scrofa) are an introduced species to the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP), US, and serve as carriers of several diseases that are considered a threat to other wildlife, domestic animals, and humans. During 2013 and 2015, fecal samples from 67 feral swine from the GSMNP within both Tennessee and North Carolina, US, were opportunistically collected as part of a feral swine removal program and submitted to the University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, for parasite screening by centrifugal sugar flotation. Ten taxa from the phyla Acanthocephala, Apicomplexa, and Nematoda were identified: Ascaris spp., Strongylid-type spp., Capillaria spp., Trichuris suis, Metastrongylus spp., Macracanthorhynchus spp., Coccidia, Sarcocystis spp., and Cryptosporidium spp. In 98.5% of samples, at least one parasite was found. No differences in parasite prevalence or species diversity were noted based on state of collection (Tennessee or North Carolina), sex, or age. The high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in these feral swine, some of which are zoonotic, represents a potential public health risk as well as a concern for free-range swine farmers.

Histological Assessment for the effect of deodorant blocker on the blood cells of albino rat

Twenty Rats were used in the present study to evaluate the effect of the deodorant blocker on the blood cells of the rat including the white blood cells and red blood cells. The animals were distributed into Group A control Five Rats and Group B Five treated animals. 
 The animals were put in steel cages in the animal house of veterinary medicine college. water with food free putto animals the skin of whole animals was shaved at the dorsum and at the flank region, then deodorant blocker was applied daily by whipping those areas for 30 days continuously, otherwise the control group was applying the distill water on the shaved areas. After the end of the experiment, a drop blood from the tip of tail was obtained and spread on the slide for staining by Leishman stain. 
 The results of blood examination were indicated release of the lymphocytes and monocytes percentage in comparison of control, also the certain number of RBCs indicated macrocytic, microcytic, incomplete hemoglobin ring and target cells as deformities of RBCs. In conclusions; the deodorant blocker induced imitation of immune system via increase the number of lymphocytes and monocytes which consider as main factors for immune response in cases of extrinsic insults.

Biochemical and histopathological changes in livers of rats poisoned with aluminum phosphide and treated with carrot extract.

The experimental studies of Aluminum Phosphide (AP) poisoning in rats revealed several clinical and pathological signs such as hemorrhage, sinusoidal dilatation, bile stasis, centrilobular necrosis, Kupffer cell hyperplasia, infiltration by mononuclear cells, and fatty infiltration in the liver tissues. This paper aimed to show the impact of carrots on the toxic effect of AP on the livers of adult rats (female). To investigate some biochemical and histopathological changes effects of AP in rats, sixty white female rats were equally divided into four groups, the first group (G1) was administered orally with 3mg/kg/ body weight of AP, the second group (G2) was orally treated with AP and 10% carrot extract at the same time. The third group (G3) administrated 10% carrot extract only. The fourth (G4) group was the negative control and was treated with distilled water only. The experiments continued for a month at the animal house of the Veterinary Medicine College of Baghdad University. The results revealed that high levels of liver enzymes and bilirubin were induced in G1 with decreasing total protein levels. The pathological examination revealed the presence of marked proliferation of Kupffer cells in G1 livers. However, the G2 group showed slight infiltration of lymphocytes in sinusoids. The pathological changes in the livers of G3 group showed slight cloudy swelling in hepatocytes compared with the normal texture of hepatocytes in G4. The data of this experiment showed that treatment with carrot extract significantly decreases the elevation in the level of liver function enzymes in animal poisoned with AP. In addition, treatment with carrot extract reduces the severe damage in the hepatic tissue that occurred in rats treated with AP only. In general, it could be concluded that treatment with carrot extract provides a remedial effect against the hepatotoxicity that is resulted from exposure to AP.

Effects of Sumac (Rhus coriaria) Seeds and Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes on Wool Growth of Awassi Male Lambs

Nutrition can have a significant effect on animal production. In recent years, many compounds have been widely used as feed additives to stimulate animals’ appetites and consequently improve animal productivity. Exogenous fibrinolytic enzymes are one of these feed additives, which have been used as a digestive stimulant in different types of animals. Sumac (Rhus coriaria) seeds and leaves have been widely used as an appetite stimulant. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the dietary effects of using 0.3% exogenous fibrolytic enzymes and 3% of grinds Rhus coriaria seeds on wool production and some physical traits of the Awassi lambs. Twenty-four male Awassi lambs with an average age of 4 months were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments, each containing six animals. The control group received a basal diet equivalent to 2% of body weight. The second group received the same diet supplemented with 3% sumac (Rhus coriaria) powder. The third group received the basal diet supplemented with 0.3% exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (protease, amylase, and cellulase). The fourth group received the basal diet supplemented with both 3% Rhus Coriaria powder and 0.3% exogenous fibrolytic enzymes. The experiment lasted 130 days in the animal house belonging to the College of Veterinary Medicine in Iraq. Some wool traits, including wool staple length, clean wool weight, greasy wool weight, wool fiber length, and wool fiber diameter, were measured. The results revealed significant differences in all measured wool quality traits among the treated groups compared to the control group. The group receiving the diet supplemented with a combination of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes and Rhus coriaria powder exhibited the most significant improvements in wool growth, overall wool production, and physical characteristics. These findings highlight the potential of using exogenous fibrolytic enzymes and sumac as effective appetite stimulants and enhancers of wool production in Awassi lambs.

A Pilot Program to Assess and Address the Veterinary Health Care Needs of the Hispanic Community in Knoxville, TN

This study was initiated to establish a partnership between The University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine’s Shelter Medicine and Companion Animal Initiative of Tennessee’s (SM/CAIT) program and a historically underserved and growing population, Knoxville’s Latino community. Specifically, this pilot study aimed to better understand the interests and needs of Knoxville’s Spanish-speaking pet owners through the community engagement organization Centro Hispano de East Tennessee (CH). We sought to understand this community’s access to veterinary care and identify any perceived barriers. The study also aimed to elucidate ways SM/CAIT can tailor outreach programs to underserved populations with pets and improve animal welfare throughout East Tennessee. Investigators adapted a survey created by research staff from AlignCare, a program developed to identify access to veterinary care issues and limitations in underserved populations. The survey was translated into Spanish and offered by the SM/CAIT team to CH members attending events and classes at their organization’s community center. All participation was voluntary and anonymous, and participants received one free, engraved pet tag for completing the survey. Surveys were collected and descriptively analyzed. (UTK IRB-19-05365-XM) Key survey results (n=45) showed that 28% of Centro community members obtained pets through an animal shelter or rescue organization, friends or family gifted 28%, and 26% came from breeders or pet stores. The primary reason for pet ownership included a love of animals and the perspective that the pet is part of the family (76%). Forty-eight percent reported that pets were not spayed or neutered (s/n), and of these, 39% said s/n was too expensive, whereas 22% did not know where to receive s/n services. Respondents reported that they would access local veterinary services for annual exams (56%), vaccinations (82%), and parasite prevention (58%). Twenty-six percent identified a time over the past two years when they could not get needed treatment for a sick pet, the primary reason being lack of affordable care. Other reasons included not knowing where to find care (22%), language barrier (11%), and a concern that the care provider would think badly of them for not seeking care earlier (22%). Participants said they would be interested in services and resources on vaccines and parasite prevention (64%), training and behavior (36%), information on clinics, and pet care resources (29%). The survey findings led to implementation of a vaccine clinic for Knoxville’s Latino community. The municipal shelter attended, and local resources and AVMA brochures in Spanish were provided on pet ownership, internal parasites, external parasites, vaccines, heartworm disease, and spay-neuter options.

Subacute Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Freeze-Dried Fruits of Lipote (Syzygium polycephaloides (C.B. Rob.) Merr.) in ICR Mice

Pharmacognosy Research,2023,15,3,504-513.DOI:10.5530/pres.15.3.053Published:June 2023Type:Original Article Authors:Ann C. Cayetano, Liezl M. Atienza, Maria Amelita C. Estacio, Katherine Ann T. Castillo-Israel, Mark Joseph Desamero, Roxanne P. Gapasin, Jonna C. Maniwang, Rohani C. Navarro, Dianne Jane A. Sunico, James Ryan D. Aranzado, Loraine C. Bainto-Ancheta, Joan I. Delomen, and Jonina Marie J. Tengco Author(s) affiliations:Ann C. Cayetano1, Liezl M. Atienza1,*, Maria Amelita C. Estacio2, Katherine Ann T. Castillo-Israel3, Mark Joseph Desamero2, Roxanne P. Gapasin2, Jonna C. Maniwang2, Rohani C. Navarro4, Dianne Jane A. Sunico1,5, James Ryan D. Aranzado1, Loraine C. Bainto-Ancheta3, Joan I. Delomen1, Jonina Marie J. Tengco1 1Institute of Human Nutrition and Food, College of Human Ecology, University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB), Laguna, PHILIPPINES. 2Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, UPLB, Laguna, PHILIPPINES. 3Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Food Science, UPLB, Laguna, PHILIPPINES. 4Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, National Institute of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, PHILIPPINES. 5Department of Science and Technology-Science Education Institute DOST Compound, Bicutan, Taguig City, PHILIPPINES. Abstract:Background: Lipote (Syzygium polycephaloides (C.B. Rob.) Merr.) is an indigenous fruit in the Philippines with potential functions against obesity and non-communicable diseases, but limited literature was available on its safety. Objectives: This study investigated the subacute toxicity effects of freeze-dried fruits of lipote (Syzygium polycephaloides (C.B. Rob.) Merr.) on ICR mice. Materials and Methods: Ten male and ten female 6-week-old ICR mice were divided into two groups: (1) control (vehicle), and (2) lipote group, given with 2000 mg/kg body weight (BW) dose of freeze-dried lipote fruit powder reconstituted in distilled water. Results: After 28 days of oral gavage, the lipote group showed no significant changes on feed and water intake, and hematology and blood chemistry parameters were comparable with those of control group and published normal values. Body weights of all experimental animals also increased significantly (p<0.05), and no mortality, morbidity, or gross and microscopic morphological abnormalities of internal organs were noted. Conclusion: These results showed that 28-day oral consumption of freeze-dried lipote fruits is safe and has LD50 >2000 mg/kg. Keywords:Indigenous berries, Lipote, Subacute, Syzygium.View:PDF (1.19 MB)

In vitro antibacterial efficacy of autologous conditioned plasma and amniotic membrane eye drops.

To determine the in vitro antibacterial efficacy of equine and canine autologous conditioned plasma (ACP) and amniotic membrane extract eye drops (AMEED) against aerobic bacteria common to the corneal surface. Canine (n = 4) and equine (n = 4) anticoagulated whole blood samples were sterilely collected, pooled for each species, and processed using the Arthrex ACP® Double-Syringe System. Platelet counts were performed on ACP and pooled blood. AMEED were obtained from a commercial source. An electronic medical records search (2013-2022) identified aerobic bacteria cultured from canine and equine corneal ulcers at Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine (MSU-CVM). Ten commonly isolated bacteria for each species were collected from cultures submitted to the MSU-CVM Microbiology Diagnostic Service and frozen at -80°C. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to determine the sensitivities of these isolates to ACP and AMEED. Bacterial isolates were plated onto Mueller-Hinton +5% sheep blood agar and blank sterile discs saturated with 20 μL of ACP or AMEED were tested in duplicate. Imipenem discs served as positive controls and blank discs as negative controls. Zones of inhibition were measured at 18 h. ACP platelet counts were 1.06 and 1.65 times higher than blood for equine and canine samples, respectively. Growth of a multi-drug resistant Enterococcus faecalis was partially inhibited by canine and equine ACP. AMEED did not inhibit growth of any examined bacteria. Canine and equine ACP partially inhibited E. faecalis growth in vitro. Further studies using varying concentrations of ACP against bacterial isolates from corneal ulcers are warranted.

Decline effects are rare in ecology: Comment.

EcologyAccepted Articles e4069 COMMENT Decline effects are rare in ecology: Comment Yefeng Yang, Corresponding Author Yefeng Yang [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0002-8610-4016 Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia Department of Biosystems Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China Correspondence Yefeng Yang. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorMalgorzata Lagisz, Malgorzata Lagisz Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia These authors supervised this work equally and are joint senior authors.Search for more papers by this authorShinichi Nakagawa, Shinichi Nakagawa orcid.org/0000-0002-7765-5182 Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia These authors supervised this work equally and are joint senior authors.Search for more papers by this author Yefeng Yang, Corresponding Author Yefeng Yang [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0002-8610-4016 Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia Department of Biosystems Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China Correspondence Yefeng Yang. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorMalgorzata Lagisz, Malgorzata Lagisz Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia These authors supervised this work equally and are joint senior authors.Search for more papers by this authorShinichi Nakagawa, Shinichi Nakagawa orcid.org/0000-0002-7765-5182 Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia These authors supervised this work equally and are joint senior authors.Search for more papers by this author First published: 28 April 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4069 Handling Editor: Jean-Philippe Lessard This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1002/ecy.4069. AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Accepted ArticlesAccepted, unedited articles published online and citable. The final edited and typeset version of record will appear in the future.e4069 RelatedInformation

Intestinal hemangiomas in 8 horses.

This retrospective study describes 8 cases of intestinal hemangioma diagnosed in horses during postmortem examination or surgical biopsy at the University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine. In all cases, the intestine was the sole organ affected, and lesions were focal (3/8) or multifocal (5/8). Nodules were most commonly within the small intestine (7/8), particularly the jejunum (5/7). One case was in the left dorsal colon, which is the first report of hemangioma in the large colon of a horse. Lesions were discrete, raised, smooth, black to red, and ranged from 2 to 15 mm in diameter. Microscopically, all lesions were cavernous type and mural, most frequently within the muscularis (6/8). A majority of cases occurred in middle aged to older horses (average age of 19.3 years), and no breed or sex predilections were identified. The hemangiomas were considered incidental findings.

Evaluate the effect of using a whey protein membrane loaded with zinc nanoparticles, lactoferrin and neptomycin on microbial growth in laboratory-made soft white cheese

The study was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Food Sciences-College of Agriculture and in the animal house of the College of Veterinary Medicine at Tikrit University for the period from 1/2/2021 to 15/3/2022. The aim of this study was to manufacture edible whey protein membranes with concentrations of 10%, as well as fortify these membranes with zinc nanoparticles, natamycin, and lactoferrin with different concentrations and interactions. The treatments were as follows: T1:control, T2:membrane, T3:0.25 mg nanoparticle zinc and membrane, T4:60 mg lactoferrin and membrane, T5:50 mg bacteriocin and membrane, T6:0.25 mg nanoparticle zinc, 60 mg lactoferrin and T7:0.25 mg zinc. Nano and 50 mg bacteriocin and T8:60 mg lactoferrin and 50 mg bacteriocin and T9:0.25 mg nano zinc and 60 mg lactoferrin and 50 mg bacteriocin. Soft cheese was made from cow’s milk and coated with whey proteins, and the cheese was stored for 21 days at 5±2 °C. The microbial evaluation of cheese coated with whey protein films and fortified showed that the number of bacteria on the first day of storage ranged between 4.13-5.65 Log/g compared with the control samples 1T and 2T at 7.59 and 6.63 Log/g, respectively. At the end of the storage period, treatment 9T was the lowest in terms of growth, reaching 4.26 Log/g, as well as for lipolytic bacteria, as treatment 9T was the least in terms of growth, reaching 1.12 Log/g. This applies to protein-analyzing bacteria, as the results showed that the transaction 9T was the least in terms of growth, reaching 1.64 Log/g

Serological Study of Toxoplasmosis in Slaughtered Animals in Mousl, Iraq

A study was conducted to elucidate the prescence of T.gondii antibodies in the serum of slaughtered cattle, sheep &amp; goats in Mosul abattoir. The study was carried out during the period from October 2002 to March 2003. For serological tests, 300 serum samples were collected from (100) of each slaughtered cattle, sheep &amp; goats. Serum samples collected from slaughtered goats showed the highest percentage of infection using latex agglutination test and was (54%), followed by sheep (49%), while the lowest percentage (23%) was detected in cattle serum. To determine antibodies in positive serum samples, a modified latex agglutination test was used. The highest percentage of IgG was found in sheep (87.8%) followed by cattle (86.96%) and goats (83.3%). However, the highest percentage of IgM was found in goats (16.7%) followed by cattle (13.04%) and sheep (12.2%). A trial for preparing ELISA test manually was conducted in the laboratory of the Microbiology Branch/ College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, through the isolation of the parasite (antigen) from aborted sheep fetuses. The positive latex agglutination test, were confirmed by ELISA. Of these serum samples, (93.33%) were positive.

From Data to Insights: An Analysis of Enrollment, Retention and Completion Rates at the Cagayan State University

This study utilized the data visualization technique to explore the enrollment and graduation data of Cagayan State University- Carig Campus (CSU Carig). The study analyzed data for first-time full-time first year students entering the university from the first semester of school year 2018-2019 school year to the second semester of school year 2021-2022.The findings revealed that there were more female students enrolled in the eight colleges of the campus than male students, with the average ratio being 6:7. Most colleges had retention rates of 85% or greater, which was relatively high. However, the College of Veterinary Medicine had a retention rate of 72.47% in 2021–2022 which was substantially lower than that of the other colleges.The study also found that in terms of gender, the retention rates varied significantly across the colleges. The College of Industrial Technology has the largest male to female ratio, which may indicate that the technical and blue collar-related nature of the degrees it offers may draw a greater share of male students. On the other hand, the College of Arts and Sciences has the lowest male to female ratio, which suggests that women are more likely to pursue careers in the humanities, social sciences, and the arts.The retention rate for male students at the College of Engineering and Architecture was 62.13% in the academic year 2019–2020, but it significantly rose to 92.63% in 2020-2021 and 88.45% in 2021-2022, while it remained consistently higher than 80% for female students throughout all three academic years.With 100% of students graduating in the academic year 2021–2022, the College of Medicine achieved the highest graduation rate. These findings provide useful insights for CSU Carig that can help them in their decision-making about academic programs, student support services, and overall institutional performance.

Expanding the use of flow cytometry in semen analysis: The rise of flow spermetry.

Cytometry Part AAccepted Articles ORIGINAL ARTICLE Expanding the use of flow cytometry in semen analysis: the rise of flow spermetry Fernando J. Peña, Corresponding Author Fernando J. Peña [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0002-1311-2947 Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain Correspondence Dr. FJ Peña, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Laboratory of Equine Spermatology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Extremadura Avd. de la Universidad s/n 10003 Cáceres Spain. Email: [email protected], phone + 34 927-257167Search for more papers by this author Fernando J. Peña, Corresponding Author Fernando J. Peña [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0002-1311-2947 Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain Correspondence Dr. FJ Peña, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Laboratory of Equine Spermatology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Extremadura Avd. de la Universidad s/n 10003 Cáceres Spain. Email: [email protected], phone + 34 927-257167Search for more papers by this author First published: 29 April 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/cyto.a.24736 This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1002/cyto.a.24736. AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Accepted ArticlesAccepted, unedited articles published online and citable. The final edited and typeset version of record will appear in the future. RelatedInformation

106 Serial Evaluation ofA. Marginale Positivity Rate Within a Single Herd of Mature Beef Cows

Abstract Anaplasmosis is an economically devastating disease in cattle that is caused by the rickettsial pathogen Anaplasma marginale. Infected cattle can serve as biological reservoirs for the organism, thus enabling further transmission of the disease to naive individuals via ticks, biting flies and contaminated needles. It is estimated that this disease causes over $300 million in expenses for the U.S. cattle industry annually. As a result, a better understanding of this disease and its prevalence is needed. As part of an ongoing collaborative effort between the University of Arkansas and the Kansas State University (KSU) College of Veterinary Medicine, general surveillance testing of beef cattle herds in Washington county, Arkansas previously indicated a possible 30% positivity rate for A. marginale in 2019. The objective of this study was to utilize both quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) tests to determine the whole-herd prevalence of A. marginale within the University of Arkansas Washington county research herd. In the fall of 2020, the entire fall-calving herd (168, apparently healthy, mature beef cows) was sampled and tested. Both whole blood and serum samples were collected from each animal. qPCR testing was completed on each whole blood sample submitted at the KSU College of Veterinary Medicine, while cELISA testing was completed on each serum sample by the University of Arkansas. Of the68 cows tested, 20 cows tested seropositive, with a % Inhibition of 30 or above (mean = 45%). Confirmatory qPCR testing on all seropositive samples, however, indicated that all cows were negative for active infection with A. marginale. Subsequently, in the spring of 2022, all available cows that had previously tested seropositive for A. marginale were retested using the same protocol as previously described, except that all qPCR testing was completed by University of Arkansas Veterinary Entomology Lab. Of the 17 mature cows still in inventory, that had previously tested seropositive for A. marginale, only 7 were still seropositive with a % inhibition of 30 or above (mean = 39%). However, confirmatory qPCR testing on all 7 seropositive samples indicated that all cows were negative for active infections with A. marginale. Because of its lower cost, compared with qPCR testing, ELISA testing is commonly recommended to and utilized by producers and veterinarians as a first-line diagnostic for individual and herd health evaluation and management. Information gathered by this study indicates that cELISA testing alone may not provide an accurate depiction of actual infection rates within a herd, and that further investigation into possible causes of false positivity are required. As part of this study, additional assays investigating the specificity of the commercial Anaplasmosis cELISA and possible cross-reaction with other endemic rickettsial pathogens will be performed.

β-catenin inhibition using XAV939 nanoparticle promotes immunogenic cell death and suppresses tumor progression

Abstract Although the incidence of conjunctival melanoma is rare, it is a highly metastatic tumor with high recurrence and mortality rates. The current conjunctival melanoma treatment strategies, including surgical resection combined with chemo- or cryotherapy, have limited usefulness because of systemic side effects, recurrence, and metastases. Tumor-intrinsic Wnt/β-catenin pathway mediates immune exclusion in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and promotes tumorigenesis. Previous studies have shown that XAV939, a potent tankyrase inhibitor, can be used for the pharmacological inhibition of β-catenin. In this study, using tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS)-based nanoparticle formulation for XAV939, we show that β-catenin inhibition suppresses melanoma cell proliferation and migration. Additionally, XAV939 nanoparticles promoted immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells with a significant extracellular release of ICD molecules, including HMGB1, calreticulin, and ATP. Further, using a mouse model of conjunctival melanoma, we show that β-catenin inhibition significantly suppresses conjunctival melanoma progression. Collectively, the local delivery of β-catenin represents a novel and safe approach to promoting ICD and activating anti-tumor immunity for combinatorial immune checkpoint inhibition therapies against vision and life-threatening ocular melanomas. This study was supported by research funding from the Intramural Grants Program, Auburn University Research Initiative in Cancer (AURIC), and start-up funds from the Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University.

Proliferation, Plasticity, and Migration: Exploring the synergistic relationship between eosinophils and TH2 cells in development of HES-like syndrome

Abstract Aberrancies in eosinophil proliferation, activation and chemotaxis can lead to acute eosinophilic leukemia, paraneoplastic eosinophilia associated with T cell lymphoma and carcinomas, and Hypereosinophilic Syndrome (HES), respectively. HES is an idiopathic disease affecting humans and veterinary patients characterized by persistent eosinophilia (&amp;gt;1,500 cells/uL) and eosinophilic infiltration of solid organs leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have demonstrated the role of NF-κB inducing kinase, NIK, an upstream regulator of the noncanonical NF-κB signaling pathway, in development of a HES-like syndrome due to aberrant TH2 polarization in the Nik−/−murine model. However, the intricacies of eosinophilic granulopoiesis, eosinophil/neutrophil plasticity, and chemotactic ability has not been assessed during development of HES-like syndrome in Nik−/−mice. Here we show that loss of NIK potentially enhances eosinophilic chemotaxis to CCL11, enhances eosinophilic/neutrophilic plasticity, and affects granulopoiesis in the bone marrow and spleen beginning at the level of eosinophilic metamyelocytes, despite potentially decreasing the proliferative potential of these cells. Taken together, these results suggest that NIK and the noncanonical NF-κB signaling pathway plays a role in dictating the hematopoietic and chemotactic potential of eosinophils and highlights a synergistic relationship with TH2 cells and their respective cytokines during development of HES-like syndrome in Nik−/−mice. Overall, these findings warrant further study to better characterize the synergistic relationship described above to better understand development of HES and HES-like diseases. Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine and the Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science