Vetch Species Research Articles

Inoculation effects on growth, nodulation, cytosol components and nitrogen fixation of narrowleaf and hairy vetch

Abstract Underutilized indigenous legumes have potential for enhanced nitrogen fixation when properly managed. Many species have unusual tolerance and adaptive capabilities to survive when intensively grazed, and to continue vigorous regrowth on sites with very low soil productivity under extremes of climatic stress. The objective of these studies was to determine effects of specific inoculation compared to intrinsic soil Rhizobium on growth, nodulation, nitrogenase (C2H2 red.) and associated nodule components of narrowleaf vetch (Vicia angustifolia L.). Responses were determined for soil fertility treatments and evaluated with comparative responses of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa, Roth). Field evaluations for availability of fixed nitrogen by these vetch species was determined as fertilizer nitrogen equivalence (NH4NO3) with Maton rye (Secale cereale L.). Top growth of both vetch species at anthesis significantly increased with inoculation. Narrowleaf growth was approximately one third or less of hairy vet...

Resistance to the Vetch Bruchid in Vetch Species Introductions12

When plant introductions of 14 vetch (Vicia) species were tested for resistance to Bruchus brachialis Fåhraeus, V. angustifolia L., V. ervilia Willd., V. hirsula S. F. Gray, V. lulea L., V. monantha Retz., V. peregrina L., and V. sativa L. were classified as resistant. Those classified as susceptible were: V. cracea L., F. dasycarpa Ten., and V. villosa Roth. Also, results with 7 introductions of V. benghalensis L. indicated that this spceies is segregating for resistance to the vetch bruchid. Nonpreference for oviposition appeared to be the major mechanism contributing to resistance.

Response of Vicia Genotypes to Flooding1

AbstractThree vetch species and 6 F7 lines from Vicia saliva (Ala. 1894) ✕ V. angustifolia (PI 121275) were grown in the greenhouse for 4 months under 4 flooding treatments: adequate watering but well‐drained, flooded 1 day in 10, flooded 2 days in 10, and flooded 4 days in 10.Generally, herbage yield, root growth, and N content decreased with duration of flooding. For most vetch genotypes, greater Mn uptake by the plants occurred with prolonged flooding. Mn accumulation by V. angustifolia and V. sativa remained low in all treatments. Mn content was much higher in certain hybrids than in either parent, indicating transgressive segregation for accumulation of this element. Herbage growth of the V. angustifolia parent was less affected by flooding than any other entry.

Germination of Vicia Species and Interspecific Lines as Affected by Temperature Cycles1

Temperature cycles of 4.5–21, 21–4.5, 21–32, and 32–21 C were used in germinating scarified and unscarlfied seed of vetch species and advanced generation interspecific hybrids.The initial temperature of a cycle had marked effects on both the rate and final germination percentage of certain entries. Variation in response to temperature cycles was found between Vicia species and within V. sativa and V. angustifolia. Scarified seed of parents of the interspecific hybrids differed greatly; the V. sativa parent (Ala. 1894) germinated faster at high temperatures, whereas the V. angustifolia parent (P.I. 121275) germinated faster at low temperatures. The behavior of interspecific hybrid progeny indicated a recombination of genes that conditioned the physiological requirements for germination. Unscarified seed of V. grandiflora and an interspecific hybrid germinated more rapidly at low temperatures. Unscarified seed of another hard‐seeded species, V. angustifolia, responded in a reverse manner, germinating more rapidly at high temperatures. Germination response to temperature was found to be controlled by hard seedcoat in addition to a physiological response of the embryo.

Biosynthesis and Metabolism in Species of Vetch and Lathyrus of γ-Glutamyl-β-cyanoalanine: Relation to the Biosynthesis of Asparagine

<b>Biosynthesis and Metabolism in Species of Vetch and Lathyrus of γ-Glutamyl-β-cyanoalanine: Relation to the Biosynthesis of Asparagine</b>

THE DISTRIBUTION AND PROPERTIES OF A PORPHYRIN FROM THE EPIDERMIS OF VICIA SHOOTS

IN THE COURSE of an investigation of fluorescent substances in the shoots of plants, brilliant scarletfluorescent bodies were discovered in epidermal cells adjacent to the stomatal apparatus in the stems and leaves of four species of vetch, when the tissues were examined under ultraviolet radiation. The data which have been obtained on the properties of the substance responsible for the red fluorescence indicate that it probably is a porphyrin. The nature and distribution of the fluorescing bodies and the properties of the putative porphyrin are the subject of this paper. CYTOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The epidermis of stems and leaflets was peeled free from the underlying parenchyma and mounted on slides for examination. Observations of the fluorescence excited by the 365-366 mu group of mercury arc lines were made with a microscope supplied with a dark-field condenser, using a General Electric AH-4 mercury arc lamp shielded by a Corning No. 5860 filter as a light source. The shape of the red-fluorescing bodies was studied at a magnification of 430X and the fluorescent spectrum of individual bodies was observed with the aid of a Zeiss microspectroscope. Only four species of Vicia, V. gigantea Hook., V. Cracca L., V. benghalensis L.( =V. atrapurpurea Desf.), and V. disperma DC., have thus far been observed to have these fluorescent bodies. Leaves of the following related species have been examined and apparently lack them: V. americana Muhl. var. oregana (Nutt.) Nels., V. grandiflora Scop., V. sativa L., V. tetrasperma (L.) Moench, V. Faba L., Lathyrus bolanderi Wats., L. polyphyllus Nutt., L. vestitus Nutt., Phaseolus multiflorus Willd., P. Mungo L. and P. vulgaris L. The bodies are confined to the epidermis and are always found in cells adjacent to the guard cells of the stem and leaf. The shape and distribution of the bodies in the lower epidermis of leaves of Vicia gigantea, V. Cracca and V. disperma are shown in fig. 1-4. In the epidermis of V. gigantea each pair of guard cells is accompanied by from one to three adjacent epidermal cells which contain the red-fluorescent bodies. These cells are usually distinctly smaller than the other unspecialized cells of the epidermis, but their shapes are irregular in contrast to the somewhat stereotyped