Vestibular Toxicity Research Articles

Chloroquine causing vestibular toxicity

Vestibular toxicity due to chloroquine is extremely rare. It occurs only with high dosage or long term therapy. The authors are reporting 2 cases of chloroquine induced vestibular toxicity of sudden and rapid onset, encountered during a recent outbreak of malaria. The review of literature reveals only one such case report in the past (Prince & Hardin, 1975).

MANAGEMENT OF BACTERIAL INFECTIONS IN SEVERELY NEUTROPENIC SUBJECTS*

The safety and efficacy of tobramycin, a new aminoglycoside, have been evaluated in combination antibiotic therapy in 49 episodes of infection in 25 neutropenic patients. Tobramycin was used in combination with a cephalosporin in 40 episodes and with carbenicillin in 6. The most common infections were respiratory (21 episodes) and septicaemic (16 episodes). One or more pathogens were identified in 38 episodes, of which 36 were due to Gram-negative organisms. The clinical response was satisfactory in 71% of episodes, and the pathogens were eliminated in 50% of episodes in which follow-up bacteriological investigation was available. No renal, auditory, or vestibular toxicity was observed.

Penicillin Desensitization — A Case Review

The penicillin class of antibiotics are often life-saving and their use may be required despite prior evidence of allergic manifestations to these drugs. A case report of a patient with subacute bacterial endocarditis who was allergic to penicillin yet requiring treatment with it is presented. The mechanisms and manifestations of penicillin allergy, skin testing for penicillin allergy and the theory and procedures for penicillin desensitization are also discussed.and incontinence. On 8-28-75, edema and petechiae of the lower extremities and a new diastolic heart murmur were noted. Blood cultures were positive for enterococcus sensitive to penicillin. The diagnosis of subacute bacterial endocarditis due to enterococcus was made at this time and intravenous potassium penicillin G 2,400,000 units every four hours and streptomycin 500 mg intramuscularly twice daily were initiated.On 9-1-75, the patient developed a florid rash with pruritus over his entire body. Despite the rash, penicillin was continued along...

Vestibular Disorders and Toxicity Related to Anticonvulsants

Vestibular Disorders and Toxicity Related to Anticonvulsants

Cochlear and vestibular gentamicin toxicity. A clinical study of systemic and topical usage.

Vestibular and cochlear toxicity from gentamicin occurred in patients with chronic renal failure and severe thermal burns. In the former group, the toxicity was primarily vestibular. In a small number of these patients, maintenance of balance was severely compromised due to a concomitant loss of proprioception secondary to polyneuropathy seen sometimes in chronic renal failure. In the burn group of patients, the vestibular toxicity was accompanied by moderate to severe hearing losses. The use of topical gentamicin may account for this additional change in this group.

Aspects of the chronic toxicity of gentamicin sulfate in cats.

For determination of the importance of several factors affecting the vestibular toxicity of gentamicin in cats, several therapeutic regimens, routes of administration, and levels of dosage were examined. Cats were given high levels of gentamicin daily and observed for appearance of ataxia and impairment of the righting reflex. The time of appearance of ataxia was related to dosage. Death, attributed to renal toxicity, closely follows the appearance of ataxia after a dose of 60 mg/kg per day. At lower doses, there is a temporal separation between vestibular and renal toxicity. The renal damage is reversible, but the vestibular damage is not. Total dosage and duration of treatment appear to be more important factors than peak levels of drug in the serum with reference to time of appearance of ataxia at the dosage levels studied.

Control of tuberculosis.

Retreatment ChemotherapyThis consists in the use of the drugs listed in the lower half of Table 1.17–19,62 It is essential that retreatment be initiated in the hospital. In persons who have never received any of these "secondary" drugs, it is relatively easy to choose two or three previously unused drugs that the patient can tolerate; preferably, only one should be an antibiotic absorbed only by the parenteral route since all these derivatives (KM, VM, CPM) may cause vestibular or auditory toxicity or both, and thus the use of two together tends to increase the risk of ototoxicity. PAS . . .

Control of tuberculosis.

Retreatment Chemotherapy This consists in the use of the drugs listed in the lower half of Table 1.17–19,62 It is essential that retreatment be initiated in the hospital. In persons who have never received any of these secondary drugs, it is relatively easy to choose two or three previously unused drugs that the patient can tolerate; preferably, only one should be an antibiotic absorbed only by the parenteral route since all these derivatives (KM, VM, CPM) may cause vestibular or auditory toxicity or both, and thus the use of two together tends to increase the risk of ototoxicity. PAS . . .

Vestibular Effect of Streptomycin in the Mouse

UP to the present, experimental methods have yielded very little information concerning vestibular toxicity due to streptomycin ; in medical practice these accidents are very frequent (80–90 per cent of cases treated). Indeed, the fundamental work of Molitor and his collaborators leads to the conclusion that most of the animals used in laboratory work show no recognizable vestibular disturbance, whether as the result of a single heavy dose of streptomycin or of several fractional doses administered over a period of time. According to Molitor1, dogs are the only animals which show any evidence of cerebellar or vestibular damage comparable to that which has been observed in human beings, whereas mice, frogs, rats and guinea pigs are unaffected. Although Molitor kept under observation a considerable number of animals, we believe that his conclusions should not be accepted as final.