Congestion Of Vessels Research Articles

Preserving Vision and Preventing Complications: A Case Report on the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Angle Closure Glaucoma

ABSTRACT This case report presents the clinical presentation and management of a 68-year-old male with chronic angle closure glaucoma. Upon examination, the right eye (OD) exhibited a significant decline in visual acuity to 1/300. Findings included conjunctival congestion (CVI +) and absence of posterior conjunctival vessel congestion (PCVI -), corneal opacification and edema, shallow anterior chamber, midriasis of the pupil, and absence of direct and consensual light reflexes (−). Additionally, lens opacification and chemosis (+) were observed. Conversely, the left eye (OS) had a visual acuity of 6/30 with an intraocular pressure (IOP) of 6/15. Similar to the right eye, it displayed corneal opacification and edema, a shallow anterior chamber, midriasis of the pupil, absence of light reflexes (direct and consensual), lens opacification, and chemosis (+). This case underscores the importance of early diagnosis of chronic angle closure glaucoma to prevent adverse prognostic outcomes. Keywords: Chronic Angle Closure Glaucoma, Vision, Preventing Adverse Outcomes

Influence of Cypermethrin and Chelating Properties of 2r, 4c-Bis(p-Methoxyphenyl)-7c-(t- Butyl)-3-Azabicyclo (3.3.1) Nonan-9-One Oxime on Ultra structure of Gill and liver

The toxic effects of cypermethrin on the ultrastructure of the gills and liver of the freshwater fish Labeo rohita's gills and liver were studied. The purpose was to see if pesticide concentrations and exposure time influenced the degree and nature of ultrascture alterations in exposed fish's gills and liver. Selected fish were exposed to a mixture of 5% concentrations of the LC50 of cypermethrin for both short and long periods of time. The gills and liver of specimens subjected to 120 hours experienced similar hyper structural alterations. Clearly indicating a harmful response to both pesticide doses. These ultra structural changes included lesions such as oedema in the primary and secondary lamellae, fusion of neighbouring secondary lamellae, and epithelial layer lifting, hyalinization, hepatocyte vacuolation, cellular swelling, and blood vessel congestion. The amount of the exposure period, however, had an effect on the degree of these hyper structural alterations.

Abstract B179: 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) combination with ketogenic diet induces sedation and hypothermia in mice that becomes lethal

Abstract Introduction. The term “ketogenic” was coined for the diet that specifically consists of a 4:1 ratio of fats to proteins. 2-Deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) is a synthetic glucose analog that potently inhibits glycolysis. It has been hypothesized that 2-DG in combination with KD, should improve the anticancer effects of either therapeutic approach. The therapeutic benefit of such a combination was supported by studies of Voss et al. (Int J Mol Sci, 2018. 19(8): PMC6121440), showing that continued combination of KD and anti-glycolytic therapy is feasible, and KD increased tolerance to 2-DG. However, in contrast to this report, our preliminary studies revealed a dose-dependent reduction in the survival of mice of receiving inhibition of glycolysis (2-DG) and KD. The objective of this study was to assess the toxic limitation of the combination of glycolysis inhibition and ketogenic diet. Methods. CD-1 mice were maintained on either a standard diet (SD) or a ketogenic diet (KD). Some groups were treated with of 2-DG at 1.5 g/kg via the oral or intraperitoneal route or vehicle. For temperature monitoring, the animals were implanted subcutaneously with a temperature microchip UCT-2112. Body temperature was recorded manually for each mouse using a contactless, handheld URH-1HP receiver. Alternatively, for continuous monitoring of the body temperature, the UID Mouse Matrix was used. Mice exhibiting treatment-related toxicity symptoms, such as prolonged hypothermia or laborious breathing, and euthanized following blood collection for hematology and serum chemistry analysis. Key organs were also collected for histopathology analysis. Results. Previously, we reported that 2-DG reduces the survival of mice maintained on KD (median survival 9 days p=0.0022), while it is well tolerated by mice receiving regular chow (no deaths reported). Here, we report that the administration of 2-DG induces transient sedation and hypothermia. CBC analysis revealed that the number of platelets in the KD + 2-DG group was significantly decreased compared to the SD + 2-DG group and the KD + vehicle group (p<0.001). The reduction of platelets was associated with a two- to three-fold increase of LDH in the KD + 2-DG group. Histopathological analysis of the lung tissue revealed the presence of diffuse congestion in blood vessels and dilation of the alveolar capillaries consistent with interstitial pneumonia. Similarly, degenerative and congestive hepatic parenchyma was observed in animals treated with 2-DG and KD. Preliminary experiments involving supplementation of 2-DG-treated animals with D-glucose or D-mannose failed to provide a rescue effect. Conclusion. A highly reproducible, dose-dependent toxicity leading to rapid death of treated animals maintained on KD was observed following 2-DG administration, while the same doses appeared to be safe in mice fed a standard diet. The toxic effects induced by the combination treatment included acute thrombocytopenia and acute interstitial pneumonia; however, delineation of the exact mechanism of toxicity requires additional studies. Citation Format: Rafal Zielinski, Moises Martinez Castillo, Damian Grybowski, Krzysztof Grela, Roberto Cardenas-Zuniga, Izabela Fokt, Stanislaw Skora, Gerardo Ramirez, Waldemar Priebe. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) combination with ketogenic diet induces sedation and hypothermia in mice that becomes lethal [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC Virtual International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2023 Oct 11-15; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2023;22(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B179.

HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF NICOTINIC IMPACT ON LUNG TISSUES OF RATS

Nicotine is the well-known chemical compound which responsible for addiction in tobacco smoking and consider as the main cause of mortality worldwide. The aims of the current study include evaluate the effect of nicotine on lung tissues and estimate the level of antioxidants and lipid peroxidation. Totally, 40 male rats were selected, acclimated and divided equally into two groups; G1 as control and G2 as an experimental group injected subcutaneously with 0.25 ml of nicotine daily for 28 days. Finally, the study animals were served to sampling of blood and lung samples. Results of CAT revealed a significant decreases in G2 (8.84 0.52 pg/ml) when compared to G1 (18.36 1.23 pg/ml). Concerning GPx, significant reduction was seen in G2 (215.91 14.96 pg / ml) in comparison with G1 (418.48 15.17 pg / ml). For SOD, value of G2 (3.37 0.1 U / ml) was lowered significantly more than G1 (7.58 0.17 U / ml). Significantly, higher MDA concentration were seen in G2 (126.25 5.95 ng / ml) than G1 (53.8 4.51 ng / ml). In contrast, the findings of G2 revealed presence of marked thickening in alveolar walls due to infiltration of mononuclear cells, complete abstraction of the bronchiole by the inflammatory exudates, hyperplasia of bronchiolar epithelia, sloughing, inflammatory cells inside the lumen, bronchitis and extensive hyperplasia. Also, there were severe pulmonary emphysema, blood vessel congestion and edema. In conclusion, we showed that nicotine is a harmful material for lung tissues and has serious systemic side effects which detected by reducing of the antioxidants and induces of furthermore MDA. Moreover studies are of great importance to detect the effect of nicotine on lung development as well as its effect on other body organs.

Heavy consumption of garlic (Allium sativum) exert nephro- and pulmonary toxicity at maternal and embryonic level in the Albino rats

ABSTRACT Despite the health benefits of herbals, random misuse of such therapy without consult tends to participate in public health issues. This study describes the nephro-and pulmonary toxicity effects of heavy consumption of garlic (Allium sativum) during developmental period. Two groups of ten healthy pregnant female Albino rats each were formed from the 20 in total. Gavages of distilled water were administered to the control group. Since garlic group rats orally received garlic aqueous extract (GAE) 1 ml/rat daily from gestational day (GD) 6 to 19. Kidney functions and lipid biomarkers were assayed along with histopathological investigations. Our results confirmed that the group that received garlic had significantly increased serum levels of urea, cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL. Moreover, the foetal and maternal tissues of the kidney and lung exhibited a varying degree of histopathological manifestations characterized by kidney necrosis and lung haemorrhage, severe congestion, and thickening of the blood vessels. Renal and pulmonary fibrosis were detectable by Masson’s trichrome. A positive expression of the foetal kidney and placental tissues towards Bax protein was noticed. In conclusion, depending on existing findings, the administration of higher concentrations of garlic could explode renal and pulmonary toxicity and decrease the rat’s weight.

EXPERIMENTAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL JUSTIFICATION OF THE ENTERAL INSUFFICIENCY DEVELOPMENT IN ABDOMINAL SEPSIS

Abstract. Abdominal sepsis continues to remain the most frequent and formidable complication that complicates the course of acute surgical diseases of the abdominal cavity in 15-25 % of cases, and the mortality rate in various forms of peritonitis, depending on the form and its spread, is from 4 % to 60 %, reaching 90 % in postoperative peritonitis.The aim of the study. To study the dynamics of morphological changes of internal organs in animals with simulated acute diff use peritonitis, depending on the stage of the infl ammatory process of the peritoneum.Material and methods. The object of experimental research was 54 white sexually mature non-linear rats weighing 0.18-0.20 kg, kept in the vivarium of the Bukovinian State Medical University, which were divided into two groups. The main group consisted of 28 animals that were simulated with abdominal sepsis. Control group – 26 intact rats. All animals had free access to food and water. Abdominal sepsis in rats was modeled according to our proposed method, which consisted in infecting the peritoneal cavity with the contents of the hollow organs of the abdominal cavity. Animals were removed from the experiment on 1, 3, and 7 days of simulated peritonitis by decapitation under thiopental anesthesia.The results. On the fi rst day of simulation of peritonitis in the animals of the main group, a histological examination of the peritoneum revealed focal purulent peritonitis with damage to the parietal peritoneum. Diff use hyperemia, focal edema of the connective tissue, which is most developed in the submesothelial layers, was observed. Areas of swollen connective tissue contain a slight but diff use mononuclear infl ammatory infi ltrate. We did not detect morphofunctional changes in the liver and kidneys of animals of the main group on the fi rst day of experimental peritonitis. However, already on the third day of the study, the structure of the liver lobe was only partially preserved. The central veins were well visualized, slightly dilated, and contained a small number of erythrocytes. Changes were also found in the lung tissue of animals with peritonitis: enlarged alveoli and congestion of small vessels and hemorrhages. Hemorrhagic syndrome is not excluded as an early manifestation of acute pulmonary insu ffi ciency. On the seventh day, the structure of the liver lobe was signifi cantly disturbed in the animals. The central veins were well visualized, slightly dilated and contained a large number of erythrocytes. Sinusoids were not visualized in the vast majority of fi elds of view, sometimes they were detected only centrilobularly. The beam organization of hepatocytes was disturbed throughout the size of the lobule. During the histological examination of the kidney tissue of the animals on the 7th day of Клінічна анатомія та оперативна хірургія – Т. 22, № 4 – 2023 27 the experiment, we observed that in the cortical layer of the kidney, the glomeruli were somewhat enlarged and dilated, their vessels were fi lled with blood, serous exudate was observed in the lumens, and individual glomeruli were shrunken and collapsed. The vessels of the venous bed were somewhat dilated, full of blood, and small perivascular spot hemorrhages were visualized.Conclusion. Morphological changes occur already during the reactive phase of abdominal sepsis and indicate the stages of multiple organ failure syndrome.

Morphological changes in the abdominal organs after left gastric artery embolization in an experiment

Objective – to experimentally evaluate the morphological changes of internal organs (liver, spleen, duodenum, pancreas) after embolization of gastric arteries.Material and methods. To conduct the experiment, 10 Vietnamese pigs aged 4-5 months, female, were selected and fed a high-fat diet for 2 months to simulate obesity. Aorta contrast and celiacography with "Vazipak" solution (5-10 ml per injection) were performed on animals under general anesthesia. Superselective bariatric embolization of the left gastric artery was performed with a 3F microcatheter. After 3 weeks, a morphological (hematoxylin-eosin staining) examination of such organs as liver, duodenum, spleen, pancreas was performed. Photofixation of the histopreparations of the relevant organs was carried out using a trinocular microscope of laboratory class Nikon Eclipse Ci-E with 10x, 20x and 40x plan achromat objectives.Results. In general, no macroscopic signs of ischemia of adjacent organs were noted against the background of the performed selective embolization of the left gastric artery. Blood filling of the liver was uneven, the perisinusoidal spaces were expanded, which indicated its edema. In the duodenum, reactive disturbances of microcirculation were manifested by expansion and congestion of venous vessels and blood stasis. Microscopic changes in the spleen were characterized by congestion of the sinusoids, while the vessels of the pancreas were unevenly filled with blood, and at the same time, venous congestion prevailed.Conclusion. Microcirculation disorders, dystrophic changes, and signs of a shock reaction, which can be considered transient, occur in the examined organs after embolization of the gastric arteries. These data indicate the safety of performing selective embolization of gastric arteries and the absence of signs of critical redistribution of blood flow or ischemia "robbing".

Combined effects of water salinity and ammonia exposure on the antioxidative status, serum biochemistry, and immunity of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

Growing Nile tilapia in brackish water showed promising results, but the possibility of ammonia exposure can interrupt health status and productivity. Herein, the study tested the combined effects of water salinity and ammonia exposure on the antioxidative status, serum biochemistry, and immunity of Nile tilapia. Fish were assigned to eight groups where fish were reared in saline water (5, 10, and 15 ppt) with continuous or intermittent (every 3 days) total ammonia (TAN) exposure (5 mg TAN/L) (2 × 4 factorial design). After 30 days, the water salinity, TAN, and their interaction were markedly (P < 0.05), affecting the growth performance (final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate) and survival rate of Nile tilapia. The growth performance and survival rate were markedly lower in tilapia grown in 15 ppt with continuous TAN exposure than in the remaining groups. The results showed that fish exposed to higher salinity levels (10 and 15 ppt) and continuous TAN exposure had a more robust antioxidative response, as evidenced by higher superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the homogenates of the gills, intestines, and livers. The gills were notably affected, with congestion of primary filaments blood vessels and degeneration or shedding of secondary filaments epithelium, especially at salinity levels of 10 and 15 ppt. Additionally, the intestines displayed hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration of intestinal mucosa at 5-10 ppt salinity, degeneration and sloughing of the intestinal epithelium at 15 ppt saline water, and increased goblet cell number at salinity of 10 ppt. The study found that continuous TAN exposure had a more significant impact on the fish, especially at higher salinity levels. Water salinity, TAN, and their interaction significantly affected all measured blood bio-indicators (total, albumin, globulin, ALT, AST, creatinine, urea, glucose, and cortisol levels). The phagocytic activity and index were markedly lowered in fish reared in 15 ppt with continuous TAN exposure, while the lysozyme activity was decreased in fish grown in 5, 10, and 15 ppt with continuous TAN exposure. In conclusion, Nile tilapia showed the possibility of growth with normal health status in brackish water (5-10 ppt); however, continuous TAN exposure can impair the productivity of tilapia, especially with high salinity (15 ppt).

Cylindrospermopsin exposure promotes redox unbalance and tissue damage in the liver of Poecilia reticulata, a neotropical fish species

ABSTRACT There is a growing concern regarding the adverse risks exposure to cylindrospermopsin (CYN) might exert on animals and humans. However, data regarding the toxicity of this cyanotoxin to neotropical fish species are scarce. Using the fish species Poecilia reticulata, the influence of CYN concentrations equal to and above the tolerable for drinking water may produce on liver was determined by assessing biomarkers of antioxidant defense mechanisms and correlated to qualitative and semiquantitative histopathological observations. Adult females were exposed to 0.0 (Control); 0.5, 1 and 1.5 μg/L pure CYN for 24 or 96 hr, in triplicate. Subsequently the livers were extracted for biochemical assays and histopathological evaluation. Catalase (CAT) activity was significantly increased only by 1.5 μg/L CYN-treatment, at both exposure times. Glutathione -S-transferase (GST) activity presented a biphasic response for both exposure times. It was markedly decreased after exposure by 0.5 μg/L CYN treatment but significantly elevated by 1.5 μg/L CYN treatment. All CYN treatments produced histopathological alterations, as evidenced by hepatocyte cords degeneration, steatosis, inflammatory infiltration, melanomacrophage centers, vessel congestion, and areas with necrosis. Further, an IORG >35 was achieved for all treatments, indicative of the presence of severe histological alterations in P. reticulata hepatic parenchyma and stroma. Taken together, data demonstrated evidence that CYN-induced hepatotoxicity in P. reticulata appears to be associated with an imbalance of antioxidant defense mechanisms accompanied by histopathological liver alterations. It is worthy to note that exposure to low environmentally-relevant CYN concentrations might constitute a significant risk to health of aquatic organisms.

An Eosinophilic Variant of Orbital Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis with Ocular Motility Disorder

Purpose: To present the case of a patient with localized orbital granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) characterized by a significant ocular motility disorder, increased eosinophilia, and hyper-immunoglobulin E (hyper-IgE).Case Summary: A 61-year-old male, with no previous history of allergy, atopy, asthma, sinonasal disease, respiratory disease, or renal disease, came to our hospital due to a 2-day history of binocular diplopia. His left eye exhibited inward and upward deviation, along with gaze limitation. His vision was 20/20 in both eyes, and the pupillary light reflex and color test were normal. He had severe eyelid swelling and conjunctival injection without tenderness in his left eye, and retinal vessel congestion around the optic nerve, without proptosis. Laboratory tests revealed a positive cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (cANCA), a normal WBC count, elevated eosinophils at 28.3% (2,462/mm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;), and high serum levels of IgE (400 KU/L). Magnetic resonance imaging showed an inferolateral orbital mass with an enlarged lacrimal gland and myositis of the extraocular muscles. A biopsy of the lacrimal gland revealed nonspecific chronic inflammation with an eosinophilic infiltrate. The presence of cANCA, in combination with clinical and pathological findings, led to the diagnosis of an eosinophilic variant of localized orbital GPA. This variant was primarily confined to the orbital tissue, marked by elevated eosinophil and IgE levels, and was treated with oral steroids without requiring surgery for the ocular motility disorder.Conclusions: GPA may present as acute strabismus with orbital inflammation, even in the absence of systemic signs. Therefore, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained acute orbital syndromes.

Congestive Heart Failure in the Light of Ancient Wisdom of Unani Medicine: A Review

Congestive heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome that causes functional impairment of ventricular filling and ejection of blood. It can cause dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, affecting exercise tolerance and causing pulmonary and peripheral edema. Moreover, it is a burgeoning and life-threatening syndrome characterized by significant morbidity and mortality, poor functional capacity and quality of life, and high costs. Worldwide congestive heart failure affects more than 64 million people. Nowadays: congestive heart failure is correlated with Suqūṭ-e-Qalb Imtilāʼī, by modern Unani physicians. However, the disease is mentioned in classical Unani literature under the headings of Ikhtilāj-e-qalbi (arrhythmia), Rabw (cardiac asthma), Buhr (cardiac asthma), Khafaqān (palpitation), Istisqā’ Laḥmī (anasarca), Du‘f al-Qalb (weakness of heart), Intiṣāb al-Nafas (orthopnoea), Sudda-e-Urooq-e-Qalb (coronary artery obstruction), Ghashī (syncope), Tasallub-al- Sharāyīn (arteriosclerosis) and Imtilā’ bi Hasbil Aw’iya (congestion of blood vessels). Congestive heart failure and mortality are on the rise despite the significant advancements in contemporary medicine and guidelines directed medical therapy for congestive heart failure. Congestive heart failure hospitalizations make up 1-2% of Western hospital admissions, with the highest 30-day readmission rate (20-25%) in congestive heart failure patients reflecting due to high comorbidity burden. Unani drugs, despite advancements in modern medicine, still significantly impact patient health. They are traditionally used for cardiac ailments like palpitations, coronary artery disease, heart weakness, and cardiotonic. Unani medicine especially Khamīrajat (fermented confections) used in various cardiac diseases is cardio-protective and cardiotonic. According to reports, complementary and alternative medicine is used by up to 61% of cardiac patients with coronary artery disease and those at risk for arteriosclerosis. Therefore, a thorough evaluation of the Unani literature on cardiac illness and its treatment in the Unani system of medicine is needed to decrease congestive heart failure social and economic burdens have become a major global public health priority. This review is an effort to summarize the Unani classical literature on congestive heart failure.

Effect of hesperidin on deltamethrin toxicity in rat periodontal membrane

Aim: Deltamethrin (DM), a hydrophobic and lipophilic substance used for insect control, easily accumulates in the body, increasing ROS production and causing mucosal inflammation and damage. The aim of this study was to explore the prophylactic effects of hesperidin on DM toxicity in periodontal membrane. Methods: The study was conducted for 14 days on 21 male Wistar albino rats. The experimental animals were divided into three groups (n=7): The Sham group received 0.9% NaCl (1 mL). The deltamethrin group received 0.5 mg/kg DM (1 mL, dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide). The deltamethrin + hesperidin group received DM (0.5 mg/kg) + hesperidin (100 mg/kg) (both drugs dissolved in 1 mL dimethyl sulfoxide). All treatments were administered daily via the orogastric route for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, the rats were euthanized by cervical dislocation, and biochemical and histological analyses were performed. Results: The biochemical tests showed significantly higher malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the deltamethrin group than in the Sham group. Combined application of hesperidin and deltamethrin resulted in significantly lower MDA levels in the deltamethrin + hesperidin group than in the deltamethrin group. Histopathological examination of the periodontal tissues of the deltamethrin group revealed cell degeneration at the alveolar bone-tooth junction, including atypical cells, irregularity in collagen fibers, dilatation and congestion of the blood vessels, and inflammatory cell infiltrates distributed in aggregate and solitary forms. The deltamethrin + hesperidin group showed substantially less cell degeneration. Conclusion: Hesperidin application helped alleviate deltamethrin toxicity by preventing oxidative stress and reducing cell degeneration. How to cite this article: İpek F, Deveci E, İpek P. Effect of hesperidin on deltamethrin toxicity in rat periodontal membrane. J Med Dent Invest 2023;4:e230332. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e230332 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

Baseline and recurrent exposure to the standard dose of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) induces oxidative stress and liver damage in mice (BALB/c)

BackgroundIn malaria-endemic countries, repeated intake of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) is rampant and driven by drug resistance, improper usage, and easy accessibility. Stress effects and potential liver toxicity due to the frequent therapeutic use of ACTs have not been extensively studied. Here, we investigated the effects of repeated treatment with standard doses of the commonly used ACTs artemether/lumefantrine (A/L) and artesunate-amodiaquine (A/A) on oxidative stress and liver function markers in male mice (BALB/c).MethodsForty Five mice were divided into three groups: control, A/L, and A/A. The drugs were administered three days in a row per week, and the regimen was repeated every two weeks for a total of six cycles. The levels of oxidative stress and liver function markers were measured in both plasma and liver tissue after initial (baseline) and repeated exposures for the second, third, and sixth cycles.ResultsExposure to A/L or A/A caused a significant (p < 0.001) increase in plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels after the first and repeated exposure periods. However, Hepatic MDA levels increased significantly (p < 0.01) only after the sixth exposure to A/A. Following either single or repeated exposure to A/L or A/A, plasma and liver glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities, plasma aspartate and alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase activity, and bilirubin levels increased, whereas total plasma protein levels decreased significantly (p < 0.001). Varying degrees of hepatocyte degeneration and blood vessel congestion were observed in liver tissues after a single or repeated treatment period.ConclusionIrrespective of single or repeated exposure to therapeutic doses of A/L or A/A, plasma oxidative stress and liver damage were observed. However, long-term repeated A/A exposure can led to hepatic stress. Compensatory processes involving GPx and CAT activities may help reduce the observed stress.

Study pathological changes to evaluate efficient treatment of industrial dyes in wastewater

There is an increase in concern about the effects of environmental dangers on health related to toxic pollutants resulting from industrial activities, which are released into the aqueous environments in the whole world. Industrial dyes represent one of the major groups of toxic compounds used in different industries, including textile and leather. Releasing dyes into the water could cause vicious effects on the aqueous environment. This experiment aims to evaluate the efficiency of chemical treatment by Nano zero-valent iron (NZVI) of textile dye to investigate the histopathological effects in the liver, kidneys, and intestines of albino mice using histopathological diagnosis. Three groups of mice were exposed. The control group was given tap water, the second group was assigned untreated textile dye solution (acid red 315) at a concentration of (100)ppm, and the third group was given treated textile dye solution. Histopathological alterations were evaluated after 2 months from exposure. The results from treated dyes showed no histopathological changes. In contrast, untreated stains showed histopathological changes in all organs, represented by dilation of sinusoids and congestion of blood vessels and hydropic degeneration, necrosis and aggregation of inflammatory cells in the liver. In contrast, in the intestine, there is edema between mucosa and submucosa, degeneration and necrosis in the intestinal mucosa, atrophy in the muscular layer, and inflammatory cell aggregation in the submucosa and mucosa of the intestine. We conclude that the treatment of textile dye is sufficient and decreases its effect. Keywords: Histopathological alteration, Efficient evaluation, Textile dye acid red 315

Chronic heat stress induces lung injury in broiler chickens by disrupting the pulmonary blood-air barrier and activating TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway

As an important respiratory organ, the lung is susceptible to damage during heat stress due to the accelerated breathing frequency caused by an increase in environmental temperature. This can affect the growth performance of animals and endanger their health. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of lung tissue damage caused by heat stress. Broilers were randomly divided into a control group (Control) and a heat stress group (HS). The HS group was exposed to 35°C heat stress for 12 h per d from 21-days old, and samples were taken from selected broilers at 28, 35, and 42-days old. The results showed a significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the serum and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the lungs of broiler chickens across all 3 age groups after heat stress (P < 0.01), while the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) was significantly enhanced at 35-days old (P < 0.01). Heat stress also led to significant increases in various proinflammatory factors in serum and expression levels of HSP60 and HSP70 in lung tissue. Histopathological results showed congestion and bleeding in lung blood vessels, shedding of pulmonary epithelial cells, and a large amount of inflammatory infiltration in the lungs after heat stress. The mRNA expression of TLRs/NF-κB-related genes showed an upward trend (P < 0.05) after heat stress, while the mRNA expression of MLCK, a gene related to pulmonary blood-air barrier, significantly increased after heat stress, and the expression levels of MLC, ZO-1, and occludin decreased in contrast. This change was also confirmed by Western blotting, indicating that the pulmonary blood-air barrier is damaged after heat stress. Heat stress can cause damage to the lung tissue of broiler chickens by disrupting the integrity of the blood-air barrier and increasing permeability. This effect is further augmented by the activation of TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathways leading to an intensified inflammatory response. As heat stress duration progresses, broiler chickens develop thermotolerance, which gradually mitigates the damaging effects induced by heat stress.

Establishment of a Simple, Reproducible, and Long-lasting Hind Limb Animal Model of Lymphedema.

Lymphedema is an intractable disease for which there is currently no established curative therapy. A reliable and long-lasting lymphedema model is essential for development of better treatments. In this study, we aimed to establish a simple, reproducible and long-lasting mouse model of lymphedema. Our model is characterized by a combination of a circumferential skin incision in the femoral region, complete dissection of regional lymph nodes, and ablation of the inguinal route in the femoral region. The characteristics of the lymphedema were evaluated and compared with those of two other models. One of these models involved dissection of the subiliac, popliteal, and sciatic lymph nodes (model A) and the other excision of the subiliac, popliteal, and sciatic lymph nodes with cauterization of lymphatic vessels and closure without a skin excision (model B). Although the lymphedema in models A and B resolved spontaneously, that in the new model lasted for a month with increases in femoral circumference and hind limb volume, thickening of the skin, especially subcutaneous tissue, and congestion of peripheral lymphatic vessels. Furthermore, this model could be used for assessing the therapeutic effects of syngeneic mesenchymal stem cell transplantation. The average operation time for the new model was 14.4 ± 1.3 minutes. Long-lasting lymphedema can be achieved by our new model, making it suitable for assessing therapies for lymphedema.

Influence of biosynthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles on growth and physiological aspects of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) plant, cowpea beetle, and cytotoxicity.

Recently, agricultural management innovation has incorporated engineered nanoparticles. The current investigation was carried out to produce magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) for the first time applying S. cerevisiae extract. FTIR, XRD, HRTEM, and zeta potential analysis were used to characterize the MgONPs. The FTIR data show that the bioactive substances reduce and cap the synthesized MgONPs. The crystalline metallic MgONPs had four significant peaks in the XRD pattern. The size and form of MgONPs were validated by TEM, which exhibited spherical structures with an average size of 27nm. The effect of various dosages of MgONPs administered to the cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) plant on all in vitro parameters was shown to be significant in the study. The concentration 200ppm was the most significant treatment which increased shoot length, shoot dry-weight and root dry-weight by 27.35%, 45.09%, and 31.91% when compared with the untreated cowpea plants. MgONPs significantly increased photosynthetic pigments, with 150ppm treatment significantly increasing soluble proteins and carbohydrates. MgONPs effectively treated cowpea C. maculatus, with dose and time-dependent insecticidal activity. MgONPs death rates varied by 82.66% and 100% on fifth day. Biochemical and histopathological studies of rats were investigated. Rats treated with MgONPs showed higher GOT, GPT, Urea levels, but lower creatinine, indicating significant differences. MgONPs-treated rats' liver showed mild to moderate histopathologic changes, including portal blood vessel congestion, lymphocytic cholangitis, and degenerative changes. MgONPs has the potential to improve cowpea development outcomes and suppress grain insects (C. maculatus).

Pathogenicity of Edwardsiella anguillarum to American eels (Anguilla rostrata) and RNA-seq analysis of host immune response to the E. anguillarum infection

Edwardsiella anguillarum is a commonly pathogenic bacterium in cultivated eels, but its pathogenicity to American eel (Anguilla rostrata) and the molecular mechanism of host anti-E. anguillarum infection remains uncertain. In this study, LD50 of E. anguillarum to American eels was determined and bacterial load in the liver and kidney of eels was assessed post the LD50 of E. anguillarum infection. The results showed that LD50 of E. anguillarum to American eels was determined to be 2.5 × 105 cfu/g body weight, and the bacterial load peaked at 36 and 72 h post the infection (hpi) in the kidney and liver, respectively. Then, the histopathology was highlighted by congestion in splenic blood vessels, atrophied glomeruli, and necrotic hepatocytes, as well as ultrastructural pathology in the kidney were charactered by acute nephritis, showing necrosis of the renal tubular epithelial cells, glomerular capillaries dilate, mitochondria swelling and ribosomes separate from the endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, the results of qRT-PCR revealed that 12 host immune-related genes showed significantly up or downregulated post-infection compare to that of pre-infection. Finally, results of the RNA-seq revealed 6 hub DEGs play essential role to the anti-E. anguillarum infection in American eels. Pathogenicity of E. anguillarum to American eels and hub genes related host anti- E. anguillarum infection were firstly reported in this study, shedding new light on our understanding of the E. anguillarum pathogenesis and the host immune response to the E. anguillarum infection strategies in gene transcript.

Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome: A Case Report

Background: Idiopathic Orbital Inflammatory Syndrome (OIS) ranks as the third most prevalent orbital disease, following thyroid eye disease and orbital lymphoma. In cases of localized inflammation, various structures within the orbit can be affected. This includes the Extraocular Muscles (orbital myositis), lacrimal gland (dacryoadenitis), sclera (scleritis), uvea (uveitis), as well as the superior orbital fissure and cavernous sinus (Tolosa-Hunt syndrome). Case Presentation: In this report, we discuss the case of a 35-year-old man who went to the Emergency Department due to intense, throbbing pain in his eye orbit and half of his head on the right side. He had been experiencing this pain for two days. The pain was aggravated by eye movement and accompanied by ipsilateral redness, mild photophobia, and blurred vision. The patient had no significant medical history prior to this episode. Upon eye evaluation, findings included mild swelling of the right eyelids, painful eye movements, inferior corneal erosions, and conjunctival chemosis with superficial and deep vessel congestion. Visual acuity was reduced due to myopic refractive error. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed a soft tissue lesion in the right orbital apex extending into the right cavernous sinus, suggesting an inflammatory etiology such as Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. To investigate further, the patient underwent various diagnostic tests, including laboratory investigations, chest X-rays, and serological tests. These tests revealed unremarkable findings, ruling out systemic pathology. The patient received intravenous Solumedrol (Methylprednisolone) followed by oral Prednisolone, resulting in a dramatic improvement in symptoms. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic approach in evaluating severe orbital and hemi cranial pain. Prompt initiation of corticosteroid therapy can lead to rapid symptom resolution and favorable outcomes in patients with Tolosa-Hunt syndrome.

Investigating the protective effects ofElaeagnus angustifoliafruit extract on hematological parameters and damage of different tissues of male mice exposed to graphene oxide nanoparticles

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the protective effects ofElaeagnus angustifoliafruit extract (EAFE) on hematology, biochemical parameters, liver enzymes and damage of different tissues of male mice exposed to graphene oxide nanoparticles (GO NPs). In this research, 48 mice were divided into six groups. Hematology parameters including red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), hematocrit (Ht), and hemoglobin (Hb), biochemical parameters such as cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, protein, albumin, creatinine and bilirubin, liver enzymes including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and histological damage of liver, kidney, lung and testis of mice were investigated. The results show that GO NPs in both concentrations (30 and 60 mg/kg/bw) decrease the number of RBC compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.05). EAFE has no effect on RBC count while EAFE in combination with both concentrations of 30 and 60 mg/kg/bw GO NPs significantly (p &lt; 0.05) improves the RBC count of mice. Also, the results show that EAFE improves the number of WBC, Ht, Hb, and biochemical parameters of mice exposed to different concentrations of GO NPs. A series of morphological changes were observed in the RBC of rats exposed to 60 mg/kg/bw GO NPs, including Dacrocyte, Poikilocyte and Schistocyte, which EAFE can improve the morphological changes caused in RBC. A series of histological damages such as degeneration and dilatation in the central vein in liver tissue, thickening and inflammatory cell infiltration in the renal capsule, peribronchiolar inflammatory cell infiltration and congestion in peribronchiolar blood vessels in lung tissue and decrease in the height of the germinal epithelium and a decrease in the population of spermatozoid cells in spermatogenic cells were observed in the testis of mice exposed to 60 mg/kg/bw GO NPs. The results show that EAFE can improve the damage caused by GO NPs in the liver, kidney and lung tissues, while it has no effect on the damage in the mice testis tissue. Therefore, GO NPs cause damage in the blood and different tissues of mice, and the use of EAFE can be effective in improving these damages.