Vertical Strips Research Articles

Effect of Crop Establishment Method, Residue and Nutrient Management on Productivity of Rice-Wheat Cropping System at Rupandehi, Bhairahawa, Nepal

The puddling operation and multiple tillage operations done in traditional rice-wheat system have negative impact on soil resulting into low productivity of rice - wheat system. A field experiment was conducted to find the alternate practices for enhancing the productivity of rice-wheat system at National Wheat Research Program, Bhairahawa during 2018/19. Three crop establishment methods: surface seeded wheat (SSW) followed by (fb) unpuddled transplanted rice (U-TPR), zero tilled wheat (ZTW) fb zero tilled direct seeded rice (ZT-DSR) and conventionally tilled wheat (CTW) fb puddled transplanted rice (PTR) were tested in two levels of residue management: residue removed (R0) and residue retention (R50). Three levels of nutrient management: recommended dose of NPK (F100), 25% higher dose of NPK (F125) and farmer’s practice (FP) were assigned in wheat. Strip-split plot design with 3 replications was used in wheat while strip-plot design with 9 replications was used in rice. Crop establishment methods (CSM) were assigned in vertical strips; residue management in horizontal blocks and nutrient management were assigned in subplots. The number of tillers at maximum tillering stage, maximum leaf area index, effective tiller per square meter and number of grains per spike of wheat were significantly affected by CSM, where ZTW had shown better results (413.7 tillers, 2.12 LAI, 224.1 effective tiller per square meter and 34.27 grains per spike) than SSW and CTW but the CSM had no significant effect on grain yield of both rice and wheat crop. R0 had produced significantly higher straw yield than R50 of both rice and wheat, whereas, R50 had produced significantly higher harvest index than R0 in rice. The application of 25% more nutrients than the recommended dose resulted in the significantly better growth, yield attributes, and yield of wheat. The ZTW fb ZT-DSR had produced significantly higher system yield than SSW fb U-TPR where, CTW fb PTR was statistically at par with both systems. The recommended dose of nutrients (F100) and 25% higher than F100 (F125) had produced significantly higher system yield than farmer’s practice (FP) dose. Research results revealed that ZTW fb ZT-DSR system can be suggested instead of traditional CTW fb PTR system without significant yield differences.

A penta-hybrid approach for modeling the nanofluid flow in a spatially dependent magnetic field

Abstract The penta-hybrid nanofluid is a nanofluid that contains five different types of nanoparticles. It can achieve higher heat transfer rates than conventional hybrid nanofluids due to the synergistic effects of the nanoparticles. It also has more diverse physical and thermal properties, which make it more adaptable for various applications. Therefore, this research examines the influence of localized magnetic fields on the vortex dynamics in a penta-hybrid nanofluidic flow in a vertical cavity with an aspect ratio of 1:10, driven by a top and bottom lid moving in the opposite direction. The stream-vorticity formulation is used to solve the dimensionless governing partial differential equation. A confined magnetic field in the form of horizontal and vertical strips has been applied instead of a uniform magnetic field throughout the flow domain, which is more realistic. Moreover, MATLAB codes developed by the authors are used to investigate how these parameters affect the flow and thermal properties of the nanofluids. The results suggest that magnetic fields have an impact on how stress, flow patterns, and temperature are distributed. Moreover, the presence of a magnetic field influences the spacing of isotherms, indicating a more even temperature distribution. It has also been observed that stress distribution is affected by the magnetic field, with higher stress levels near walls and regions with velocity-induced stress. However, in certain areas, the magnetic field can decrease shear stress depending on its strength and orientation. These study findings have implications for designing and operating nanofluidic devices. For instance, utilizing a magnetic field can help regulate flow patterns, temperature distribution, and stress distribution within nanofluidic channels. This capability could prove beneficial for a range of applications, such as cell separation, drug delivery, and nanofluidic heat exchange systems.

Advancements in light-gauge steel rectangular CFST columns: A comprehensive experimental study

This research examines the structural performance of rectangular Concrete-Filled Steel Tube (CFST) columns produced from light-gauge steel tubes. The study aimed at improving their strength, stiffness, and ductility via a combination of external confinement, internal stiffeners, and hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete (HFRC) infill. An axial compression test was carried out on a total of 18 samples, comprising of unconfined hollow steel tubes, bracing-confined tubes, ring-confined tubes, unconfined CFST, bracing-confined CFST, and ring-confined CFST columns. To restrict lateral expansion, external restraints including bracing and ring-type steel rods, were spot-welded to the outer steel tube. To optimize the column’s load carrying capacity and mitigate buckling effects, the spacing of the confinements were systematically designed. HFRC infill and alterations in the inner profile with and without vertical strips and studs, were also taken into consideration. The experimental results plus the failu re modes, axial load-deflections and load-deflection curves were analyzed to understand the behavior of the CFST columns. Performance indicators such as strength and stiffness ratios, and confinement effect ratio, were assessed for the various sample types. This research accentuates the efficiency of external confinement techniques in improving strength and ductility. Existing design codes were adopted for the theoretical estimations of the axial compression capacity, highlighting variations in predictions. This study significantly contributed beneficial understandings of the structural performance of rectangular CFST columns, stressing the importance of both internal and external confinements and HFRC infill.

Adjustable slow light with high group index in a graphene metasurface based on plasmon-induced transparency

A relatively simple metasurface structure is proposed to achieve a dynamically tunable slow light effect. The metasurface consists of two horizontal graphene strips and two vertical continuous graphene strips. Strong interference between the bright and dark modes enables the metasurface to generate a significant triple plasmon-induced transparency (PIT). Varying the coupling distance between the horizontal strips, double-PIT and triple-PIT can be transformed into each other. During the reduction of the transparent window, electromagnetic waves undergo strong phase changes, resulting in a higher group index. After structural optimization, the maximum time delay and group index can be as high as 2.624 ps and 3934, surpassing comparable slow light devices. The proposed patterned graphene metasurface provides theoretical guidance for designing high-performance slow light devices for optical storage, nonlinear optics and quantum optics.

Corrosion evolution and quantitative corrosion monitoring of Q355 steel for offshore wind turbines in multiple marine corrosion zones

Offshore wind turbines operating in harsh marine environments are at risk of corrosion. Thickness loss and perforation caused by corrosion can lead to component failure or structure collapse. An environmental test setup was constructed to simulate various marine corrosion zones. Several experimental studies were conducted on Q355 steel, commonly used in offshore wind turbines. The mass loss and electrochemical properties of the steel specimens were analyzed, including electrochemical impedance spectra and polarization curves. The results indicate that corrosion remains stable in the immersion and tidal zones, whereas corrosion in the splash zone is the most severe, with a corrosion rate as high as 0.70 mm/a. A significant macroscopic corrosion cell effect was observed on the vertical steel strip, accelerating corrosion in the splash zone and at the low tide line. The corrosion product compositions and corrosion morphology of each corrosion zone were characterized and analyzed. Furthermore, a corrosion monitoring sensor based on electromechanical impedance was proposed. A prediction model for the mass loss rate of vertical steel strips was developed based on the conductance peak frequency. This study elucidates the corrosion evolution of wind turbine structural steel and proposes a comprehensive steel corrosion monitoring solution.

Refractory acute retinal necrosis presenting as peripapillary choroiditis - A diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.

This report describes a challenging case of refractory acute retinal necrosis (ARN) with peripapillary choroiditis as the initial presenting sign. Imaging studies confirmed multifocal choroidal lesions and noted the novel sign of vertical hyper-reflective strips (VHRS) in the outer nuclear layer. Initial treatment with acyclovir and valacyclovir failed, and involvement of the other eye suggested a resistant variant of varicella zoster virus. High-dose oral famciclovir therapy resulted in rapid resolution of ARN in both eyes. This case highlights the rare occurrence of choroiditis, the novel finding of VHRS, and the potential utility of high-dose oral famciclovir in treating refractory ARN.

Semi-c-periodicity, c-uniform recurrence and almost automorphy in the complex plane

This paper is devoted to develop the concepts of semi-c-periodicity, c-uniform recurrence and almost automorphy for functions defined on vertical strips in the complex plane, where c is a non-zero complex number. As an extension of the study performed for functions defined on the real axis, this work aims to investigate the main properties of these classes of functions and establish their connections with the more known class of c-almost periodic functions defined on vertical strips. In fact, we resolve an open problem which was raised in 2020 for the real case. Additionally, we also use this approach to introduce an asymptotic version of these new classes of functions.

Proton beam spot size and position measurements using a multi-strip ionization chamber

PurposeTo develop and characterize a large-area multi-strip ionization chamber (MSIC) for efficient measurement of proton beam spot size and position at a synchrotron-based proton therapy facility. Methods and MaterialsA 420 mm x 320 mm MSIC was designed with 240 vertical strips and 180 horizontal strips at 1.75 mm pitch. The MSIC was characterized by irradiating a grid of proton spots across 17 energies from 73.5 MeV to 235 MeV and comparing to simultaneous measurements made with a reference Gafchromic EBT3 film. Beam profiles, spot sizes, and positions were analyzed. Short term measurement stability and sensitivity were evaluated. ResultsExcellent agreement was demonstrated between the MSIC and EBT3 film for both spot size and position measurements. Spot sizes agreed within ± 0.18 mm for all energies tested. Measured beam spot positions agreed within ± 0.17 mm. The detector showed good short term measurement stability and low noise performance. ConclusionThe large-area MSIC enables efficient and accurate proton beam spot characterization across the clinical energy range. The results indicate the MSIC is suitable for pencil beam scanning proton therapy commissioning and quality assurance applications requiring fast spot size and position quantification.

Inversion of marine magnetotelluric and controlled source electromagnetic data with site gap and low signal-to-noise ratio

SUMMARY Marine magnetotelluric (MT) and controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) methods have been routinely applied to survey the crustal and upper mantle electrical resistivity structures beneath the sea floor. In practice, there are inevitably site gaps and contamination by noises in the collected data because of lost ocean bottom electromagnetic receivers, unusable data, and difficulties in deploying instruments near deep trenches. So far, it remains unclear to what degree those factors will lower the resolution and the credibility of marine MT and CSEM inversion models. In this paper, we investigate the individual and combined effects of site gaps and data noises on the inversion models through synthetic analyses based on a simple block resistivity model and a realistic resistivity structure derived from the Mariana Trench. The results suggest that data with a sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio can reasonably recover the subseafloor structures in the area of data gap. The transverse electric mode and tipper data from the MT method are much more sensitive to the structure near the site gap. The joint inversion of MT and CSEM data would improve the model's resolution at the site gap area. The inversion of data with a relatively low signal-to-noise ratio, for example, 10 per cent, can recover the structures with few artefacts if there is no site gap. But if the site gap and noisy data are combined, even a joint inversion cannot correctly recover the burial depths and geometries of the anomalous bodies beneath the site gap where vertical strips are likely present. To improve the model's resolution and suppress inversion artefacts, we propose constraining part of the model with as much a prior information as possible. Specifically, for a survey in the subduction zone, we could reduce the penalties on the model's smoothness at the upper and low interfaces of the resistive subduction slab, or even fix the resistivity of the resistive slab with the help of other information, if any. The inversion models shown in this paper provide valuable references for the site design before marine MT and CSEM surveys as well as for interpreting real data inversion models that may be subject to the same biases introduced by the site gap and noise.

Performance analysis of quad-port UWB MIMO antenna system for Sub-6 GHz 5G, WLAN and X band communications

A quad-port Multiple Input Multiple Output Antenna with high isolation is presented in this paper. The MIMO design is intended to receive Ultra-Wide Band response to target various wireless applications. The engineered model has 40 x 40 × 1.6 mm3 electrical dimensions. A single antenna achieves size compactness due to an appropriate inclusion of vertical and horizontal conductive strips. Additionally, a diagonal radiating strip is shaped and pooled with the patch geometry. A similar design is positioned orthogonally with each other to receive diversified performance. The four conducting ports are positioned with an appropriate minimum distance to lower down the possible mutual coupling. A partial ground plane having border geometry has been incorporated to receive the ultra-wide band response. An additional plus-sign shaped conducting strips are provided and united with ground lines for isolation enhancement. The MIMO system exhibits ultra-wide frequency response from 3.20 GHz to 13.40 GHz with adequate isolation below −20 dB and an impedance bandwidth of 10.20 GHz. The proposed structure provides an overall gain of 2 dBi having above 80 % efficiency. The presented radiator exhibits excellent MIMO diversity response achieving minimal mutual coupling effect. The other output parameters such as envelope correlation coefficients<0.05, diversity gain of nearly 10 dB, mean effective gain<0.2 dB, and channel capacity loss<0.1 bits/sec/Hz were obtained. The proposed design has been simulated in High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software. The developed MIMO antenna has been analyzed through VNA N9912A. An encouraging correlation between the software generated and actual responses was observed. The strong agreement between actual results and software results shows the design potential for wireless communications. The highly isolated MIMO system registers its potential for sub-6 GHz 5G, WLAN, and X Band communications.

Symmetry and Pieri rules for the bisymmetric Macdonald polynomials

Bisymmetric Macdonald polynomials can be obtained through a process of antisymmetrization and t-symmetrization of non-symmetric Macdonald polynomials. Using the double affine Hecke algebra, we show that the evaluation of the bisymmetric Macdonald polynomials satisfies a symmetry property generalizing that satisfied by the usual Macdonald polynomials. We then obtain Pieri rules for the bisymmetric Macdonald polynomials where the sums are over certain vertical strips.

Combined Vinasse and Mineral NPK Fertilizer Affect Physio-Biochemical, Root, and Yield Characters of Faba Bean (vicia faba l.) Genotypes Grown on Saline Soil

The objective of this study is to assess the effects of combined applications of recommended traditional chemical fertilization NPK 100% without Vinasse and with 100, 75, 50 NPK + Vinasse on Physio-Biochemical, root, shoot traits, yield, and its attributes for four faba bean Giza-429, Giza-843, Misr-2 and Sakha-3 genotypes which are cultivated in the soil is salt affected of eastern Egypt. The experimental design was conducted using a strip-plot design with three replicates in 2020 and 2021. Treatments of different doses of chemical fertilization were 100% NPK without Vinasse and 100%, 75%, and 50% of NPK with Vinasse as supplementary organic fertilizer were arranged in vertical strips, while horizontal strips were devoted to faba bean genotypes (Vicia faba L.) i.e. Giza-429, Giza-843, Misr-2, and Sakha-3. Relative to the other fertilizer combinations, the 75% NPK + Vinasse did not contribute more than 5% more yield to Sakha 3 than it did with the 100% NPK + Vinasse. Both the fertilizer and cultivar main effects had the same positive linear trend, with relatively higher total seed yield in the case of the 75% NPK + Vinasse and of cv. Sakha 3. The harvest index (HI) was different only for fertilizer levels.The 75% NPK + Vinasse differed by a very negligible margin from the 100% NPK + Vinasse, but both differed from the other two levels. Along with seed yield, both straw and biological yields were significant for the interaction effects, as well as for the main effects. Within all fertilizer combinations, cultivars Giza 843 and Saka 3 consistently, as a subgroup, outyielded the other two cultivars, not only for total seed yield but also for all other yield component characters.

Sustainable basmati rice yield and quality enhancement through long-term organic nutrient management in the Indo-Gangetic Plains

Context or problemThe extensive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in modern agriculture, particularly since the green revolution, has led to profound consequences for agricultural ecosystems. This approach, while initially boosting yields, has disrupted soil health, biodiversity, and environmental balance. Moreover, it contributes silently to global climate change by releasing greenhouse gases. These challenges underscore the urgent need for a shift towards sustainable agricultural practices to safeguard soil health, biodiversity, and human nutrition while mitigating the impacts of climate change. Objective or research questionThe primary objective of this study is to assess the impact of the long-term (seventeen years) application of organic nutrient management on the physicochemical properties of basmati rice soil and its nutritional quality. The study aims to understand the effectiveness of different organic nutrient management practices in mitigating the negative consequences associated with conventional agricultural practices. MethodsThe experiment used a strip-plot design with three replications, assigning two cropping systems (basmati rice-wheat-green gram and basmati rice-wheat-sesbania) to vertical strips. Seven nutrient management practices, including control, farmyard manure (FYM), vermicompost, farmyard manure + crop residues, vermicompost + crop residues, farmyard manure + crop residues + biofertilizers, and vermicompost + crop residues + biofertilizers [nitrogen-fixing Azospirillum, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), potassium-solubilizing bacteria (KSB), and a cellulolytic culture (Aspergillus awamori, Trichoderma viride, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and Aspergillus wululens)] were applied to the horizontal strips. ResultsThe findings show that the cropping system with sesbania green manure significantly improved soil physicochemical attributes, nutritional content, and basmati rice yield compared to the green gram-based system. Continued application of organic manures, crop residues, and biofertilizers notably enhanced soil fertility, grain quality, and basmati rice productivity. The combined use of vermicompost, wheat residue, biofertilizers, and sesbania green manure treatment increased organic carbon content by 78.7% over the control, and soil available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium by 38.3–54.9%, 57.6–143.8%, and 27.9–64.1%, respectively. Additionally, it augmented diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid extractable iron, zinc, manganese, and copper content by up to 44.2%, 28.5%, 57.9%, and 71.0%, respectively. Co-application of the above organic sources also significantly enhanced grain and straw yields by 74.5–80.1% and 46.1–50.0%, respectively, compared to the control. ConclusionsEnhancing Basmati rice yield and quality in the Indo-Gangetic Plains can be sustainably achieved through sesbania green manuring and organic practices. Positive correlations with key soil parameters emphasize the significance of organic farming for long-term sustainability. Implications and significanceThe study suggests that adopting organic practices, including sesbania green manuring and combining organic inputs, can alleviate the adverse effects of conventional farming on soil health, biodiversity, and climate change. This aligns with the broader goal of establishing sustainable production and consumption in basmati rice-based cropping systems.

Experimental data of RC beams shear strength with different shear span and strengthening by FRCM system

The article presents the results of experimental testing of reinforced concrete beams with different shear spans and strengthened by the FRCM (Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Matrix) system. The shear spans were 2, 1.5, and 1. Strengthening was performed for shear span 2 with three vertical strips of composite fabric 70 mm width each. In total, the results of the eight tests (the four experimental samples) are presented. Each beam was tested twice, separately for each support section of the beam A change in the failure type of reinforced concrete beams at shear is shown. It was determined how the bearing capacity and deformability of concrete and transverse reinforcement in all samples changed with the change in test parameters. The use of strengthening strips at the level of 20% of their maximum elongation values was achieved.

Targeted yield approach based site specific nutrient management in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) genotypes

A field experiment was conducted at MARS, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka during rabi season 2022-23 on Vertisols to evaluate the suitability of site specific nutrient management on growth and yield of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) genotypes through targeted yield approach for fertilizer recommendations. The experiment was laid out in strip plot design, horizontal strips with four genotypes viz., TDM-304-1, TDM-304-1, TDM- 304-1 and NRCHB-101 and vertical strips with three targeted yield levels viz., 15, 20 and 25 q ha-1. Genotype TDM-305- 1 recorded significantly higher seed yield (1622 kg ha-1) over other genotypes. SSNM based fertilizer application for 20 q ha-1targeted yield recorded significantly higher seed yield (1633 kg ha-1) over 15 and 20 q ha-1. In interaction, genotype TDM-305-1 with a target yield level of 20 q ha-1 recorded higher seed yield (1789 kg ha-1) as compared to rest of the treatment combinations. The better yield response of improved genotype TDM-305-1 at 20 q ha-1 yield target recoded significantly higher net returns (`49463 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.59). From the present investigation, it was found that genotype TDM-305-1 at 20 q ha-1 yield target recorded significantly higher nutrient uptake of NPK &amp; S and the oil content (39.4%) and oil yield (702.2 kg ha-1).

Filling borehole image gaps with a partial convolution neural network

Borehole images are measured by logging tools in a well, providing a microresistivity map of the rock properties surrounding the borehole. These images contain valuable information related to changes in mineralogy, porosity, and fluid content, making them essential for petrophysical analysis. However, due to the special design of borehole imaging tools, vertical strips of gaps occur in borehole images. We develop an effective approach to fill these gaps using a convolutional neural network with partial convolution layers. To overcome the challenge of missing training labels, we introduce a self-supervised learning strategy. Specifically, we replicate the gaps found in borehole images by randomly creating vertical blank strips that mask out certain known areas in the original images. We then use the original images as label data to train the network to recover the known areas masked out by the defined gaps. To ensure that the missing data do not impact the training process, we incorporate partial convolutions that exclude the null-data areas from convolutional computations during forward and backward propagation of updating the network parameters. Our network, trained in this way, can then be used to reasonably fill the gaps originally appearing in the borehole images and obtain full images without any noticeable artifacts. Through the analysis of multiple real examples, we determine the effectiveness of our method by comparing it with three alternative approaches. Our method outperforms the others significantly, as demonstrated by various quantitative evaluation metrics. The filled full-bore images obtained through our approach enable enhanced texture analysis and automated feature recognition.

Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams via CFRP Orientation

The utilization of externally bonded carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) and glass fiber-reinforced polymers (GFRPs) for reinforcing and retrofitting components has garnered considerable interest recently, as such composites provide beneficial properties, including a high modulus of elasticity, high strength, and low weight. This work conducts a finite element analysis, verified through laboratory experiments on 14 reinforced concrete (RC) beams. The primary focus is the final load of these components, considering varying CFRP orientations relative to the loading direction. In this research, the performances of control beams and RC beams are compared to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of different strengthening methods. The results demonstrated that bonding CFRP sheets with V-shaped end anchorages on the tension side was highly effective in improving the flexural capacity of RC beams in the weaker concrete strength group. This strengthening method resulted in a substantial increase in strength (of around 29.8%) in the higher concrete strength group. In addition, utilizing V-shaped end anchorages to bond CFRP sheets on the tension side proved to be a highly efficient technique for improving flexural strength. Conversely, bonding inclined CFRP strips to the sides of RC beams was highly effective at enhancing the shear capacity of the beams. These outcomes convincingly demonstrate the effectiveness of FRP for the reinforcement of structural components. The specimens strengthened with inclined strips exhibited enhanced shear and deformation capacity compared to those strengthened with vertical strips.

Optimum Sowing Window and Suitable Varieties for Cultivation Soybean (Glycine max L.) During Off-Season in Northern Telangana Zone

Aims: To identify the optimum sowing time and suitable varieties of soybean for profitable cultivation during the off-season in the Northern Telangana Agroclimatic zone of Telangana state in India.&#x0D; Study Design: Strip plot design with three replications.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: The Regional Sugarcane and Rice Research Station, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Rudrur, Nizamabad District, Telangana state, India, between October 2022 and June 2023.&#x0D; Methodology: The field experiment was conducted in medium clay loam soil under irrigated condition. The experiment was laid out in strip plot design with three varieties viz., JS 335 (V1), ASB 22 (V2) and KDS 726 (V3) as horizontal strips and nine dates of sowings viz., 3 Oct (D1), 19 Oct (D2), 3 Nov (D3), 19 Nov (D4), 3 Dec (D5) 19 Dec (D6), 3 Jan (D7), 19 Jan (D8) and 3 Feb (D9) as vertical strips, replicated thrice. The seeds were sown by dibbling at 5 cm apart within the row and rows were space at 45 cm apart. Standard recommended package of practice of kharif season suggested by PJTSAU was followed. The data on growth yield attributes was recorded on selected 5 plant, averaged/ plant and grain yield was recorded from net plot, converted to one hectare and analyzed statistically using OP Stat.&#x0D; Results: The results of the experiment revealed that, the cv. KDS 726 recorded the maximum plant height (35.2 cm) and biomass accumulation (8.93 g plant-1) which was significantly more over the cv. JS 335 and cv. ASB 22 in 3 Nov and 19 Oct sowings, respectively. The cultivars the cv. JS 335 (V1) recorded more number of pods over cv. ASB 22 (V2) and cv. KDS 726 (V3) in 19 Oct (D2), 3 Nov (D3), 19 Nov (D4), 3 Dec (D5) and 3 Jan (D7) sowings. The cv. KDS 726 (V3) was found superior in terms of seeds pod -1 (3.0) which was comparable to cv. JS 335 (V1) and significantly more over cv. ASB 22 (V2) when it was sown on 19 Oct (D2). The cv. KDS 726 (V3) recorded significantly more test weight (g) over cv. JS 335 (V1) and cv. ASB 22 (V2) from 19 Oct (D2) to 3 Jan (D7) sowings. The cv. ASB 22 sown on 3 Oct produced significantly more seed yield (753 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (1599 kg ha-1) over cv. JS 335 and cv. (KDS 726). &#x0D; Conclusion: The soybean cv. ASB 22 with sowing first week of Oct was found to be suitable for cultivation during the off season.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF SERIAL REINFORCED CONCRETE PAG SLAB WITH ADDITIONAL STEEL FIBER REINFORCEMENT

Thus, in laboratory conditions, experimental studies of the bearing capacity and crack resistance of a serial PAG plate with additional steel fiber reinforcement in the amount of 1% were carried out. In accordance with the regulatory documents in force in Ukraine, one of two possible load schemes was considered ― when loaded by a concentrated force applied to the cantilever part of the slab. The plate was tested on a specially made stand consisting of four support racks connected in pairs by beams on which the plate rested. The load was applied across the width of the slab in steps of 0.04 from the destructive load, in two concentrated vertical strips. Each level of load ended with a five-minute exposure, at the beginning and end of which the readings on the measuring devices were taken. All tests were carried out using two 30-ton jacks and a 50-ton dynamometer. The working principle of the jack consisted in the fact that its lower plane pressed on a two-level cross-beam system, and through it the load was distributed on the slab. In the process of testing the plates, the applied load, deflections and deformations were recorded. Clock-type indicators and protractors were used as measuring devices. The process of crack formation on the plate surfaces was observed with the help of a Brinell tube in the places of the largest crack opening. &#x0D; As a result of the tests, the bearing capacity of the plate was 211.2 kN with a bending moment of 101.4 kNm. The load corresponding to the beginning of crack formation is equal to 96.0 kN at a bending moment of 46.1 kNm. The maximum width of crack opening was 0.25 mm. According to the readings of the indicators, graphs of the dependence of the relative deformation on the load were constructed. Graphs of the dependence of deflections on the load, constructed from the data of two deflection gauges. Before the appearance of the first crack, the maximum deflection of the plate is 17.0% of the deflection recorded at the end of the tests.

A novel exploration of how localized magnetic field affects vortex generation of trihybrid nanofluids

Abstract Nanofluidics have better thermal properties than regular fluids, which makes them useful for heat transfer applications. This research investigated the complex dynamics of confined magnetic forces that influence the rotation of nanostructures and vortex formation in a tri-hybrid nanofluid (Ag, Al2O3, TiO2) flow regime. The study shows that the magnetic field can change the flow and heat transfer of nanofluidic, depending on its direction and strength. The study also provides insights into the complex physics of nanofluid flow and heat transfer, which can help design devices that use nanofluids more efficiently for cooling electronics, harvesting solar energy, and generating power from fuel cells. We used a single-phase model to model the nanofluids while the governing partial differential equations were solved numerically. An alternating-direction implicit approach has been employed to analyze the impact of confined magnetic fields on the nanofluid flow and thermal properties. Unlike previous studies that assumed uniform magnetic fields, we introduced multiple confined magnetic fields in the form of horizontal and vertical strips. Using our custom MATLAB codes, we systematically examined various parameters, including the magnetic field strength, number of strips and their position, and nanoparticle volume fraction, to assess their effects on nanofluid flow and thermal characteristics. Our findings revealed that the confined Lorentz force induced the spinning of tri-hybrid nanoparticles, resulting in a complicated vortex structure within the flow regime. In the absence of a magnetic field, a single symmetric vortex can be seen in the flow field. However, the introduction of magnetic sources stretches this vortex until it splits into two smaller, weaker vortices in the lower cavity, rotating clockwise or counterclockwise. Furthermore, the magnetic field strength significantly reduces both skin friction and the Nusselt number, while Reynolds numbers mainly affect the Nusselt number.