Vertical Slide Research Articles

Analysis of the origin and invasion of prostate cancer from autopsy and radical prostatectomy specimens.

Without a pseudocapsule, prostate cancer is invasive in volume growth and has some regularity in spatial distribution. Our study aims to explore the specific origin location, invasive characteristics, and morphology of prostate cancer. Ninety-eight clinical specimens with tumor volume equal to or less than one-third of the organ volume and 111 autopsy specimens were retrospectively analyzed. The origin location and invasion of prostate cancer in four horizontal quadrants and 11 vertical slides were demonstrated. In addition, the median maximum anteroposterior, left-right, horizontal, and vertical diameters of lesions were compared, and the spatial morphology of lesions was described. There were 335 lesions in the autopsy and clinical specimens. There was no significant difference in the distribution of lesions confined to the horizontal quarter quadrant (P=0.064). The number of lesions with a single positive slide above the apex 0.5-1.4 cm was 75 (49.7%). No significant difference was found when compared with the maximum vertical and horizontal diameters (P=0.421). However, the maximum left-right and horizontal diameters were longer than the maximum anteroposterior diameter (P=0.046 and P<0.001). The number of lesions with a tumor area that decreased from the center to both sides was 85 (46.2%) and decreased from the center to one side was 81 (44.0%). Approximately 50% of the lesions originated from the apex above 0.5-1.4 cm. The invasive tendency of prostate cancer was consistent in the horizontal and vertical dimensions but less so in the anteroposterior direction. About ninety percent of lesions with tumor area decreased from the center to both sides or one side.

1D-Touch: NLP-Assisted Coarse Text Selection via a Semi-Direct Gesture

Existing text selection techniques on touchscreen focus on improving the control for moving the carets. Coarse-grained text selection on word and phrase levels has not received much support beyond word-snapping and entity recognition. We introduce 1D-Touch, a novel text selection method that complements the carets-based sub-word selection by facilitating the selection of semantic units of words and above. This method employs a simple vertical slide gesture to expand and contract a selection area from a word. The expansion can be by words or by semantic chunks ranging from sub-phrases to sentences. This technique shifts the concept of text selection, from defining a range by locating the first and last words, towards a dynamic process of expanding and contracting a textual semantic entity. To understand the effects of our approach, we prototyped and tested two variants: WordTouch, which offers a straightforward word-by-word expansion, and ChunkTouch, which leverages NLP to chunk text into syntactic units, allowing the selection to grow by semantically meaningful units in response to the sliding gesture. Our evaluation, focused on the coarse-grained selection tasks handled by 1D-Touch, shows a 20% improvement over the default word-snapping selection method on Android.

Prediction of landslide tsunami run-up on a plane beach through feature selected MLP-based model

We proposed new prediction models based on multilayer perceptron (MLP) which successfully predict the maximum run-up of landslide-generated tsunami waves and assess the role of parameters affecting it. The input is approximately 55,000 rows of data generated through an analytical solution employing slide’s cross section, initial submergence, vertical thickness, horizontal length, beach slope angle and the maximum run-up itself, along with its occurrence time. The parameters are first ranked through a feature selection algorithm and six models are constructed for a 9,000-row randomly sampled dataset. These MLP-based models led predictions with a minimum Mean Absolute Percentage Error of 1.1% and revealed that vertical slide thickness has the largest impact on the maximum tsunami run-up, whereas beach slope angle has minimal effect. Comparison with existing literature showed the reliability and applicability of the offered models. The methodology introduced here can be suggested as fast and flexible method for prediction of landslide-induced tsunami run-up.

Superhardness Induced by Grain Boundary Vertical Sliding in (001)-textured ZrB[formula omitted] and TiB[formula omitted] Nano Films

Superhardness up to 50 and 60 GPa has been achieved recently in orientationally (001)-textured ZrB2 and TiB2 films composed of nano columnar grains, which almost double those in common TMB2 (TM=Zr, Ti). But the atomic origin, especially the role of shear stresses under indentation on grain boundaries (GBs), remains largely unknown. In this work, we report the identification of the experimentally observed GBs as Σ13 [001] tilt GB by first-principles calculations. The calculated formation energies of the GBs and TM vacancies on the GBs explain well the experimental results. Under shear stresses beneath indentors, the GB motion transforms the accumulated shear stresses parallel to (001) plane into a vertical sliding of the nano grains in [001] direction, while maintaining the GB structure unchanged. This special mode of shear plastic deformation correlates their hardness to the compressive strengths in [001] direction, instead of to the shear strengths on (001) plane as in bulk crystals, with the calculated compressive strengths well accounting for the measured superhardness in these (001)-textured nano ultra-high temperature ceramics.

A method for direct imaging of x–z cross‐sections of fluorescent samples

The x-z cross-sectional profiles of fluorescent objects can be distorted in confocal microscopy, in large part due to mismatch between the refractive index of the immersion medium of typical high numerical aperture objectives and the refractive index of the medium in which the sample is present. Here, we introduce a method to mount fluorescent samples parallel to the optical axis. This mounting allows direct imaging of what would normally be an x-z cross-section of the object, in the x-y plane of the microscope. With this approach, the x-y cross-sections of fluorescent beads were seen to have significantly lower shape-distortions as compared to x-z cross-sections reconstructed from confocal z-stacks. We further tested the method for imaging of nuclear and cellular heights in cultured cells, and found that they are significantly flatter than previously reported. This approach allows improved imaging of the x-z cross-section of fluorescent samples. LAY DESCRIPTION: Optical distortions are common in confocal microscopy. In particular, the mismatch between the refractive index of the immersion medium of the microscope objective and the refractive index of the sample medium distorts the shapes of fluorescent objects in the x-z plane of the microscope. Here, we introduced a method to eliminate the shape-distortion in the x-z cross-sections. This was achieved by mounting fluorescent samples on vertical glass slides such that the cross-sections orthogonal to the glass surface could be imaged in the x-y plane of the microscope. Our method successfully improved the imaging of nuclear and cellular heights in cultured cells and revealed that the heights were significantly flatter than previously reported with conventional approaches.

Behavioral and Neural Bases of Tactile Shape Discrimination Learning in Head-Fixed Mice

Tactile shape recognition requires the perception of object surface angles. We investigate how neural representations of object angles are constructed from sensory input and how they reorganize across learning. Head-fixed mice learned to discriminate object angles by active exploration with one whisker. Calcium imaging of layers 2-4 of the barrel cortex revealed maps of object-angle tuning before and after learning. Three-dimensional whisker tracking demonstrated that the sensory input components that best discriminate angles (vertical bending and slide distance) also have the greatest influence on object-angle tuning. Despite the high turnover in active ensemble membership across learning, the population distribution of object-angle tuning preferences remained stable. Angle tuning sharpened, but only in neurons that preferred trained angles. This was correlated with a selective increase in the influence of the most task-relevant sensory component on object-angle tuning. These results show how discrimination training enhances stimulus selectivity in the primary somatosensory cortex while maintaining perceptual stability.

Strain Effects of Vertical Separation and Horizontal Sliding in Commensurate Two-Dimensional Homojunctions.

Strain, as an economic yet controllable approach for structural modulation, frequently plays a vital role in the preparation and performance optimization of two-dimensional nanomaterials (TNMs). Here, utilizing first-principles simulations, the analysis of energetics shows that the biaxial stretching and compressing could facilitate the vertical separation and horizontal sliding in graphene (Gr/Gr), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN/h-BN), and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2/MoS2) bilayers. The quantification of electron redistribution between layers confirmed that the shifts of interlayer charge density (ρinter-) and its relative values (Δρinter-) are responsible for the vertical separation and horizontal sliding facilitated by biaxial strain. More effortless horizontal sliding was enabled by a smoother potential energy surface because a smaller Δρinter- can be acquired under compression, whereas more effortless vertical separation followed a more vulnerable surface energy because a lower ρinter- occurs under tensile strain. The vertical and horizontal division of strain effect provides a novel idea for further understanding its pivotal roles in strain engineering of commensurate-contact TNMs, such as mechanical exfoliation and solid lubrication.

Mechanics Characteristics of Chamber and Slide System of Vertical Slide Marine Emergency Evacuation System

Chen, H.; Liu, H.; Ge, H.; Kong, F.; Han, Z., and Yu, D., 2020. Mechanics characteristics of chamber and slide system of vertical slide marine emergency evacuation system. In: Yang, Y.; Mi, C.; Zhao, L., and Lam, S. (eds.), Global Topics and New Trends in Coastal Research: Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 103, pp. 311–317. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.In this paper, the evacuation process of the vertical slide Marine emergency evacuation system and the force under different states of the system are analyzed and explored. The overall scheme of Marine emergency evacuation system with vertical slide is established. The movement of escaping personnel falling in the chute system is deeply analyzed. The slide system is divided into a network-man model and a load-bearing steel cable model. On this basis, the steel-flexible body contact model (that is, the “ball-net” collision model) and the single-side fixed series multi-degree-of-freedom vibration model are established. And the mathematical exploration and simulation analysis. In the process of analysis, the falling speed, falling angle and boundary conditions of simulation analysis were determined one by one, and the analysis result was the load output of the top of the load-bearing steel cable. The simulation results are in line with the expected estimation. After optimizing the results of the slide dynamic analysis, the dynamic response of the space steel frame is analyzed as the input condition of the dynamic analysis of the space steel frame, and the results meet the expected requirements.

Experimental evaluation on the structural behavior of truss shear connectors in composite steel-concrete beams

Abstract The composite structures have great advantages in terms of structural and constructive aspects, with the shear connectors being decisive for obtaining the interaction between the structural elements and for the distribution of the stresses in the structure, taking advantage of the potentiality of each constituent material of the composite structure (steel and concrete). This work, through experimental studies, presents the development of a shear connector (Truss connector) proposed for use in a concrete-steel composite beam. The proposed connector is easy to implement and can serve as a viable alternative to the use of stud or U connectors. It was idealized a connector geometry that would provide low production cost, ease of execution, higher values of resistant load, efficiency as regards the relative sliding resistance between the metal profile and the concrete slab, as well as the efficiency regarding the resistance to the spacing of the slabs in relation to the metal profile (uplift). In order to evaluate the behavior of Truss connectors, 6 experimental models were constructed for push-out tests, 3 with 12.5 mm diameter Truss connectors and 3 with 19.0 mm diameter stud bolt connectors. The behavior of the models was investigated with respect to the loads of rupture, the transversal displacements between the concrete slabs and the relative vertical slide between the reinforced concrete slabs and the metallic profiles of the models. The results of the experimental analyzes provided an overview of the operation of the Truss and stud bolt connectors, with significant results that showed advantages of the Truss connector in relation to the stud connector considering the parameters analyzed in this work.

MECHANISM ANALYSIS OF THE ACCUMULATION CHARACTERISTICS OF ROCK AVALANCHE

Rock avalanches is generally rapid downslope flowage of rock fragments composed of solid particles and some pore fluid. During rock avalanche slide, particle grading occurs, and certain sedimentation characteristics are exhibited in the deposit. For the study of kinematic sieving process in particle mass movement, the chute experiments have been conducted, and the sequence of particles with different size in vertical section and slide direction section are mainly studied. Then, based on the description of the vertical sorting and horizontal sorting, the grain-size distribution of the deposit zones is analyzed with sieve analysis, which presents larger grains prevail in the upper part of the deposit. The content of large particle exhibits double peak morphology of distribution in the slide direction section. The two distribution characteristics are also founded in Xinmocun rockavalanche and Pusacun rockavalanche, which are macroscopic reflection of the interaction of rock fragment during the particle flows and are important geological evidence for the study of rock avalanche kinematics. Finally, according to lots of chute experiments and case studies, the conclusion is proposed that:the dispersive pressure and kinematic sieving during the movement are main reasons for the formation of the vertical inverse grading and the longitudinal double peak morphology in the rock avalanche deposit. The kinematic sieving process energized by undulated sliding surface, and the momentum between particles.

Vertical Sliding Spatial-Frequency Discrete Signal Processing

Предложен метод вертикальной скользящей обработки двумерных дискретных сигналов в пространственно-частотной области – метод быстрого вертикально скользящего двумерного дискретного преобразования Фурье. Рассмотрено математическое представление двумерного дискретного преобразования Фурье в алгебраической и матричной форме. На основе анализа свойств двумерного дискретного преобразования Фурье рассмотрен метод двухэтапного его нахождения на базе одномерного быстрого преобразования Фурье. Предложен эффективный метод вертикально скользящего двумерного дискретного преобразования Фурье. Разработанный в рамках предложенного метода алгоритм позволяет вычислять коэффициенты (бины) данного преобразования в реальном масштабе времени. Проведена оценка эффективности алгоритма вертикально скользящего двумерного дискретного преобразования Фурье с точки зрения вычислительных затрат в сравнении с известными алгоритмами. Экспериментальные исследования, проведенные на модельных двумерных дискретных сигналах, показали обоснованность, эффективность и достоверность предложенного метода и алгоритма. Построены поверхности относительной экономии вычислений в разработанном алгоритме в сравнении со стандартным алгоритмом вертикально скользящей обработки двумерных дискретных сигналов.

A simple vacuum sample chamber for small-angle X-ray scattering at Beijing synchrotron radiation facility

A vacuum sample chamber for SAXS measurement of solutions was developed to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the instrument at Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF). We developed a vacuum sample chamber which could be connected to the upstream and the downstream vacuum tubes by bellows. Horizontal and vertical linear slides were mounted in the vacuum chamber to adjust the sample position by 35 mm in the horizontal and vertical directions to align the sample in the light path. The liquid sample holder of the chamber was sealed with polyimide film by squeezing instead of gluing to avoid the potential influence of sealant on the solution. The chamber had been used for SAXS measurements of water and bovine serum albumin solution at BSRF. The results showed that the background scattering intensity in air was much higher than that in vacuum, especially in the small-angle area near the beamstop. When the q value is 0.142 nm−1, 1.01 nm−1 and 1.25 nm−1, the background scattering intensity in air is 45, 6.8 and 4.6 times of that in vacuum, respectively. And the background-subtracted scattering curves of bovine serum albumin solution (10 mg/ml) in air and vacuum differ in intensity by a factor of about 2. When the q value is 2 nm−1, the signal-to-noise ratios of scattering intensity of BSA in air and vacuum are 0.79 and 8.51, respectively. We designed a simple vacuum sample chamber to be used on the SAXS instrument at 1W2A station of BSRF. The scattering of the background and protein solution in air and vacuum was tested and compared, and the signal-to-noise ratio was clearly improved.

The mechanism of formation, development and deformation of sedimentary basins in Viet Nam continental shelf

The sedimentary basins in area of Việt Nam continental shelf are located along the deep fault systems between the folded Indochinese block and Việt Băc-Hoa Nam platform and with the transitional zone. Is means that the zone attenuated continental crust. Due to that extruction of the Indochinese block toward the SoustEast which wrenched in right, in addition, due to the appearance of the thermal anomaly, producing the activity of Bien Dong seafloor spreading axis and drift of Australian–New Guinea plate toward Nord-East, induced some geodinamic factors to form many sedimentary basins in margins of Biển Dong Sea, such as: rift, pressure, extension, vertical slide cliff, horizontal displacement and wrench. These geodinamic factors created favourable conditions to form, develop and deform the sedimentary basins in Việt Nam continental shelf, followed the pull- apart type mechanism. But each sedimentary basin had its type of mechanism which depended on the concrete place of its basin from the Indochinese block and the thermal anomaly in Bien Dong Sea. Beside, itsformed condition for gas hydrate accumulations in some basins.

Gaseous pollutant transmission through windows between vertical floors in a multistory building with natural ventilation

Natural ventilation is an effective strategy to control thermal comfort in buildings, and can be enhanced depending on the window style. The combination of natural ventilation and window can also facilitate the removal or dilution of gaseous pollutants from indoor sources in newly decorated buildings. However, the windows on the same facade may cause gaseous pollutant cross-transmission during single-sided natural ventilation between households on different floors close to the source. Although some research has focused on the pollutant cross-transmission in buildings, the simplification of windows into rectangular openings often affects accurate knowledge of pollutant transmission characteristics. Therefore, this investigation explored gaseous pollutant cross-transmission through real windows during single-sided, buoyancy-driven ventilation in a multistory building. Six types of windows were modeled for the indoor pollutant of gaseous formaldehyde (HCHO). Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was utilized to solve characteristics of pollutant transmission inside and outside the multistory building. The results indicated that the ventilation rates, thermal profiles and pollutant transmission inside and outside the building varied for each window type, although the open window areas were identical. The re-entry ratio of exhausted air entering upper floors and the infection risk of epidemic viruses caused by airborne cross-transmission was sensitive to ventilation rates and window configurations, while the sensitivities for window configurations varied case by case. The comparisons also revealed that the specification of ambient temperature and pollutant release rate ultimately did not affect the evaluation of pollutant cross-transmission using CFD.

Window ventilation efficiency in the case of buoyancy ventilation

This paper presents the results of a number of measurements that were carried out in order to quantify the ventilation efficiency of different types of windows under buoyancy ventilation. The tested window types were double vertical slide window, turn window, tilt window, awning window, horizontal pivot window and vertical pivot window. Each testing of these types comprised different opening rates, so that the performances could be compared across a wide range of window states. Performance criteria were the mass flow, the air change rate and the CO2 removal rate, each of them normalised to a temperature difference of 1K. The horizontal pivot window turned out to be the best performing type of window.

Dimension Optimization of Machine Tools' Components

Light weight design without loss of stiffness may reduce the cost and promote the performance of machine tools. A new dimension optimization method is promoted to optimize the vertical slide of a horizontal machining center. The influence of the cross section dimensions to the stiffness and mass is analyzed. A program is compiled to search the minimum weight of the vertical slide with sufficient stiffness. Finite element analysis is used to validate the stiffness of the new design. The result shows that the method is effective in machine tools' components design.

Determining Air Demand for Small- to Medium-Sized Embankment Dam Low-Level Outlet Works

Air vents in low-level outlet works are installed downstream of control gates or valves to mitigate subatmospheric pressures locally and reduce the potential for damaging cavitation. Published air-vent-sizing methods, which have been limited to large-dam outlet geometries (in-line vertical slide gate), are not applicable for small- to medium-sized embankment dam low-level outlet geometries in which the slide gate is installed on the upstream sloping face of the dam. The water-discharge and air-demand characteristics of a lab-scale low-level outlet works, with the inlet installed on a 3H:1V sloping floor (representing the upstream face of an embankment dam), were evaluated experimentally with respect to gate design (round or rectangular), gate opening, driving head, and outlet submergence; the results are reported herein. Discharge coefficients for predicting low-level outlet works discharge rates (vented or nonvented), and a methodology for air-vent sizing for small- to medium-sized embankment dams are al...

Pediatric TMJ Ankylosis: Treatment Using Vertical Sliding Osteotomy of the Mandibular Ramus

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis or hypomobility involves fusion of the mandibular condyle to the base of the skull. It is most frequently caused by trauma, presents with restriction in mouth opening in early stages and, in children, it may result in facial growth retardation. Various methods are available for surgical correction, such as autogenous grafts, gap arthroplasty, and prosthetic reconstruction. However, such techniques present several disadvantages and may lead to relapse, decrease in the vertical height of the posterior mandible and, in the case of prosthetic reconstruction, be contraindicated for the treatment of pediatric patients. The aim of this paper is to present a case of bilateral TMJ ankylosis in a 9-year-old patient treated by the technique of vertical sliding osteotomy, a simple surgical procedure indicated for the treatment of TMJ ankylosis in children, with the results after a 3-year follow-up.

Design, Development and Control of a Hopping Machine – an Exercise in Biomechatronics

Hopping is a complicated dynamic behaviour in the animal kingdom. Development of a hopping machine that can mimic the biomechanics of jumping in Homo sapiens is envisioned. In this context, the design, development and control of a cost-effective, pneumatically actuated, one-legged hopping machine were initiated at the University ofRegina in 2005. The pneumatic actuator has a simple design that employs an off-the-shelf on/off control valve which regulates the air pressure supplied to the hopper's body using a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal. The objective is to maintain a constant jumping height in the hopper after going through a finite number of hopping cycles. The mechanistic model of the system was investigated in full detail. This model facilitates: (1) the design of the actuating system, and (2) the synthesis and verification of different control strategies in a simulation environment prior to implementation in the real world. The movement of the hopper is supported by a vertical slide; therefore, the hopper can only jump in place. However, the proposed control strategy and the propulsion unit can be further utilised for stable hopping in a 3-D environment. A model-free Neuro-PD controller was then designed, trained and implemented on a real system. Simulation and experimentation showed promising results. This system can be used as an educational tool for teaching real-time control of hybrid and non-linear systems. It can be also used as a biomechatronics test bed to simulate the effect of different timings in firing action potentials in jump-causing leg muscles on achieving a desired jumping height in the animal kingdom.

Cylindrical near‐to‐far‐field transformation system for radar antennas: Design, validation, and application

AbstractCylindrical near‐field systems are appropriate measurement systems for large L‐band RADAR antennas, because they can be measured on their azimuthal positioner, and the probe can be easily translated through a vertical linear slide. Thus, for large antennas, the mechanical aspects of the measurement systems are important and the errors in this mechanical part can affect to the far‐field radiation pattern. This work presents the design and validation process of the near‐to‐far‐field transformation algorithm applied to an outdoor L‐band RADAR antenna cylindrical system. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2527–2531, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23709