Vertical Separator Research Articles

Eddy-current separation by permanent magnets part I: Theory

In eddy-current separation, forces are exerted on non-ferrous metal particles to separate these metals from solid material mixtures. These forces depend on the magnetic field inducing the eddy currents as well as on the electric conductivity and the shapes and sizes of the particles. The present paper provides model calculations of the forces exerted in a vertical eddy-current separator. A quality factor was developed by which the magnetic configuration of these systems can be optimized. The quality factor was also used to design rotating disc separators. In both separation systems the magnetic fields are produced by permanent magnets. The validity of the model calculations was tested by measurement of the exerted forces.

White Juice Separation System

A CO₂ pressurized vertical cylindrical screen Juice Separator System was designed and installed by Winery Systems Inc. for Cuvaison, Inc. Tests run in 1973 on 9Traminer9 and 9Chenin blanc9 resulted in increased yields of free-run quality juice, control of oxidative browning, improved press throughput, and elimination of overnight settling requirements. Tests in 1974 on 9Chardonnay9 confirmed the preliminary results, especially with regard to exceptional juice clarity. The system tested could process 17 tons in one hour. Larger and multiple systems could give higher process rates.

White Juice Separation System

A CO₂ pressurized vertical cylindrical screen Juice Separator System was designed and installed by Winery Systems Inc. for Cuvaison, Inc. Tests run in 1973 on 9Traminer9 and 9Chenin blanc9 resulted in increased yields of free-run quality juice, control of oxidative browning, improved press throughput, and elimination of overnight settling requirements. Tests in 1974 on 9Chardonnay9 confirmed the preliminary results, especially with regard to exceptional juice clarity. The system tested could process 17 tons in one hour. Larger and multiple systems could give higher process rates.

IC signal-processing circuit for TV receivers

An IC signal-processing circuit that can be applied in both black-and-white and color receivers is described. The integrated circuit combines the following functions: video preamplifier; keyed AGC detector, operating on top sync level; AGC amplifier for IF and tuner control; noise canceling circuits for AGC and sync circuits; sync separator; automatic horizontal sync; and vertical sync pulse separator. Due to the noise-canceling circuit a stable synchronization is obtained when impulse noise is received. Since the values of the capacitors in the AGC circuit can be rather low without difficulties with instabilities, the performance during fast input signal fluctuations (airplane flutter) is very good.

Measuring Oil Flow Rates Using Standard Oil-Gas Separators

Abstract Methods are described of measuring flow rates and total liquid produced from oil wells using standard oil-gas separators. These methods are now used for normal production controls in several fields by Compania Shell de Venezuela. The development of the weight-type metering separator used for well gauging of foamy crude during the past four years is described. The object of this type of metering is to increase both frequency and accuracy of well gauging in the field and, at the same time, to reduce labor costs and capital investment on new installations. Introduction For continuous optimum production in an oil field, frequent and reliable individual well gauges, in addition to accurate bulk production measurements, are essential. In those fields which have a large number of wells, however, because of restricted manpower it is not always possible to realize either the accuracy or the frequency of well gauging necessary for the most efficient running of the field. All metering systems on the market based on the volume principle are not very suitable for our types of heavy viscous crudes because too much gas stays trapped in the oil and results in inaccurate readings. In an attempt to improve the accuracy of well gauging operations, while at the same time reducing manpower and installation costs, experiments were initiated during 1954 to ascertain whether this could be achieved satisfactorily by counting and registering automatically on a chart the number of filling stages over a certain period of time of a standard vertical separator of known dimensions. A method was finally developed whereby it is possible to record the time to fill a vertical separator between predetermined levels and, at the same time, to record the weight of crude in each filling stage on a differential pressure chart, thus allowing the average throughput of crude through the separator to be calculated. To date, this method has proved satisfactory and is used with success for both well gauging and bulk measurement of crude in block stations.