Vertical Segmentation Research Articles

Identification of Paleoearthquakes and Coseismic Slips on a Normal Fault Using High-Precision Quantitative Morphology: Application to the Jiaocheng Fault in the Shanxi Rift, China

AbstractThe quantitative morphology of bedrock fault surfaces combined with aerial surveys and field identification is a useful approach to identify paleoearthquakes, obtain coseismic slips, and evaluate the seismogenic capacity of active faults in bedrock areas where traditional trenching methods are not applicable. Here, we report a case study of the Jiaocheng Fault (JCF) in the Shanxi Rift, China. Although several studies have been conducted on the JCF, its coseismic slip history and seismogenic capacity are still unclear. To address these problems, we investigated two bedrock fault surfaces, Sixicun (SXC) and Shanglanzhen (SLZ), on the JCF’s northern segment using quantitative morphological analysis together with aerial and field surveys. Quantitative fractal analysis based on the isotropic empirical variogram and moving window shows that both bedrock fault surfaces have the characteristics of vertical segmentation, which is likely due to periodic earthquakes, the coseismic slip of which can be determined by the height of the segments. Three seismic events at SXC, with a coseismic vertical slip of 1.74, 1.65, and 1.99 m, and three seismic events at SLZ, with a coseismic vertical slip of 1.32, 2.35, and 1.88 m, are identified. Compared with the previous studies, these three seismic events may occur in the Holocene, but it requires absolute dating ages to support, which is also the focus of our future work. Considering the seismologic capability (M>7.5) and the relationship between the recurrence interval of ~2.6 kyr and elapsed time of more than 3 kyr, the seismic hazard of the northern and middle segments of the JCF requires immediate attention.

Joining and cycling performance of ultra-thick tungsten coatings on patterned steel substrates for fusion armour applications

Tungsten is the leading candidate to provide a critical protective coating for copper and steel-based plasma facing components in nuclear reactors. However, fabrication of thick tungsten coatings on copper or steel is challenged by the significant difference in the melting points and the thermal expansion coefficients of the materials, which leads to severe thermal expansion mismatch strains during manufacture and in service. This challenge is investigated using a new processing approach — field assisted sintering of tungsten nanopowders directly onto pre-sculptured steel component surfaces to induce controlled, vertical segmentation cracks that provide strain relief. Tungsten coatings up to 2 mm thick were fabricated with uniform density and with a microstructure consisting of ultrafine grains of ∼200 nm. The coatings showed outstanding thermal cycling durability and survived for at least 50 cycles under pulsed temperature cycles between 300 to 800 °C. Microscopy and in situ thermal imaging revealed that a previously unachievable thermal expansion mismatch strain tolerance was provided by a combination of enhanced tungsten coating adhesion and deliberate coating segmentation by vertical cracking. The approach should be readily adaptable to other dissimilar materials systems to facilitate a range of durable, ultra-thick low ductility coatings on metallic substrates.

A Traditional Chinese Medicine Traceability System Based on Lightweight Blockchain.

BackgroundRecently, the problem of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) safety has attracted attention worldwide. To prevent the spread of counterfeit drugs, it is necessary to establish a drug traceability system. A traditional drug traceability system can record the whole circulation process of drugs, from planting, production, processing, and warehousing to use by hospitals and patients. Once counterfeit drugs are found, they can be traced back to the source. However, traditional drug traceability systems have some drawbacks, such as failure to prevent tampering and facilitation of sensitive disclosure. Blockchain (including Bitcoin and Ethernet Square) is an effective technology to address the problems of traditional drug traceability systems. However, some risks impact the reliability of blockchain, such as information explosion, sensitive information leakage, and poor scalability.ObjectiveTo avoid the risks associated with the application of blockchain, we propose a lightweight block chain framework.MethodsIn this framework, both horizontal and vertical segmentations are performed when designing the blocks, and effective strategies are provided for both segmentations. For horizontal segmentation operations, the header and body of the blockchain are separated and stored in the blockchain, and the body is stored in the InterPlanetary File System. For vertical segmentation operations, the blockchain is cut off according to time or size. For the addition of new blocks, miners only need to copy the latest part of the blockchain and append the tail and vertical segmentation of the block through the consensus mechanism.ResultsOur framework could greatly reduce the size of the blockchain and improve the verification efficiency.ConclusionsExperimental results have shown that the efficiency improves compared with ethernet when a new block is added to the blockchain and a search is conducted.

Inter-episodes earthquake migration in the Bohai-Zhangjiakou Fault Zone, North China: Insights from numerical modeling.

In this paper, we focus on why intraplate seismic initiation and migration occurs, which has widely been considered to be caused by static stress triggering caused by earthquakes, as well as post-seismic slips. To illustrate the mechanism underlying large earthquakes, in particular the migration caused by two key episodes that occurred after 1500 in the Bohai-Zhangjiakou Fault Zone (BZFZ) of North China, we developed a high-resolution three-dimensional viscoelastic finite element model that includes the active faults with vertical segmentation, their periodical locking, and the lithosphere heterogeneity. We used the birth and death of element groups to simulate stress intensity changes during the two episodes (named Episode I and II), with our results showing that the Tangshan earthquake was primarily triggered by the Sanhe-Pinggu M8.0 earthquake in 1679, whereas the Zhangbei M6.2 earthquake in 1998 was not triggered by earthquakes in Episode I. According to our work, the calculated stress changes in the different segments of the fault zone correspond to the magnitude of the triggered earthquakes. Further, the largest stress decrease was near the Sanhe-Pinggu fault and occurred the largest earthquake in Episode I, whereas the largest stress increase was near the Tangshan fault and occurred during the largest earthquake in Episode II. Given the above, we propose a model for seismic migration to describe the dynamic mechanisms of earthquake migration within the BZFZ and North China, in which the factors affecting both the seismic migration path and intensity primarily include the distance between the triggered active fault and the original fault, the coupling of the active faults, the location and scale of the low-velocity anomaly, its distance from the active fault, and the location and scale of the crustal thinning.

Contemporary methodology of teaching English punctuation: 
 problems and new vistas

The article outlines the way the English system of punctuation marks is presented in contemporary ELT research and practice. The following types of sources are considered and analyzed in the article: grammar books for teaching English as the first, second or foreign language; reference books and web-sites aimed at preparing students for IELTS and TOEFL; books belonging to the genre known as popular science; purely scientific works on punctuation in general and the semicolon in particular. The main goals of the research are to reveal the central tendencies in teaching English punctuation on the example of the so-called weighty stops of vertical segmentation, namely the semicolon, and to see whether they manage to present a certain norm of using the stop. Thus, the present paper focuses on the semicolon one of the most controversial stops in the system, which has been proved to function both at the syntactic and stylistic levels. It is shown that a formal / grammatical approach is the most common way to treat punctuation in ELT literature; however, it does not take into account stylistic and prosodic peculiarities of the stops and thus fails to show the whole spectrum of its usage, as well as its phonetic and stylistic potential. Consequently, such an approach should not be applied to English one of the languages exhibiting a semantic-stylistic type of punctuation. It is proposed that the approach to be used in teaching English punctuation most effectively is pragmalinguistics, since it exploits a wide range of methods and means of analyzing a text, and also considers and highlights all the aspects of using the stops (their syntactic function, stylistic capacities and prosodic characteristics). Moreover, the article poses the question that the current methodology of the approach has to be further developed.

The impact of project portfolio management practices on the relationship between organizational ambidexterity and project performance success

Some studies suggest that organizational ambidexterity is best orchestrated through individual projects. However, stand-alone individual projects are relatively limited in scope, while suffering from susceptibilities to horizontal and vertical segmentation. This may render them poorly suited to serve as conduits for organizational ambidexterity. By contrast, organizations which deliver projects in portfolios, often in order to maximize resource utilization, may discern that these also provide better conduits for organizational ambidexterity. This study examines not only the extent to which project portfolio management (PPM) practices impact orchestrations of organizational ambidexterity, but also whether these orchestrated PPM practices impact further lead to superior project performance. Data were collected from one hundred and sixty PPM stakeholders spread across eight countries in the Middle East November 2016 to January 2017. The study finds portfolios performance to be strongly and highly correlated with organizational ambidexterity. Furthermore, the more organizations exhibited efficient project-portfolio-management practice, the more they were found to develop ambidextrous capabilities.

Development of an adaptive method for regulating corset comfort based on the parameters of design zones identification

The influence of modeling effect of the structural zones of a corset for everyday purposes on ensuring its comfort was studied. It was established that the design structure of a corset varies significantly, depending on the magnitude of the modeling effect on different torso sections. At the same time, the mechanism of application of zonal anthropometric correction of a torso varies depending on the comfort of materials. It was proved that morphological parameters of the women’s torso zones affect the methods and parameters of the formation of the typical segmentation of a corset. Due to this, it became possible to substantiate analytically the ergonomic parameters of modeling effect in the «corset – torso» system for interactive designing the silhouette structures. Experimental studies proved the dispersion of the points of structural zones in the ranges of morphological types. It was shown that the rational variant of the combination of technological modules ensures a dimensional transformation of corset zones by means of grouping. In particular, the prospects of adaptation of the combined shape of a corset to the individual figure type were revealed. This makes it possible to assert the possibility of adaptive regulation of the feeling of comfort in a corset by combining zonal-modular models of anthropometric features and transformation of modeling effects in technological modules. It was shown that the technological module of a bustier cup provides the polyvariance of the breast volume through vertical and horizontal segmentation. The technological module of a belt-corset, in addition to the properties of the basic fabrics, takes into consideration frame elements. This results in fixing the desired modeling effect. Thus, there are some grounds to argue that the introduction of a new type of corset design will increase the productivity of design works. The practical comfort of the proposed technological solutions will ensure the reduction of the number of corset types and sizes, which in terms of comfort are universal for adjacent sizes

Characteristics of dissolved inorganic carbon in produced water from coalbed methane wells and its geological significance

Abstract Based on long-term dynamic tracing of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and stable carbon isotope (δ13CDIC) in produced water from 20 coalbed methane (CBM) wells in western Guizhou, the spatial-temporal dynamic variations of δ13CDIC of the GP well group produced in multi-layer commingled manner were analyzed, and the relationship between the value of δ13CDIC and CBM productivity was examined. The produced water samples of typical wells in the GP well group were amplified and sequenced using 16S rDNA, and a geological response model of δ13CDIC in produced water from CBM wells with multi-coal seams was put forward. The research shows that: δ13CDIC in produced water from medium-rank coal seams commonly show positive anomalies, the produced water contains more than 15 species of methanogens, and Methanobacterium is the dominant genus. The dominant methanogens sequence numbers in the produced water are positively correlated with δ13CDIC, and the positive anomaly of δ13CDIC is caused by reduction of methanogens, and especially hydrogenotrophic methanogens. Vertical segmentation of sedimentary facies and lithology in stratum with multi-coal seams will result in permeability and water cut segmentation, which will lead to the segmentation of δ13CDIC and archaea community in produced water, so in the strata with better permeability and high water cut, the δ13CDIC of the produced water is abnormally enriched, and the dominant archaea is mainly Methanobacterium. In the strata with weak permeability and low water cut, the δ13CDIC of the produced water is small, and the microbial action is weak. The shallow layer close to the coal seam outcrop is likely to be affected by meteoric precipitation, so the δ13CDIC of the produced water is smaller. The geological response model of δ13CDIC in produced water from multi-coal seams CBM wells in the medium-rank coal reveals the geological mechanism and microbial action mechanism of the δ13CDIC difference in the produced water from the multi-coal seams CBM wells. It also provides effective geochemical evidence for the superimposed fluid system controlled by sedimentary facies, and can also be used for the contribution analysis of the produced gas and water by the multi-layer CBM wells.

Detection of Skin Diseases Using Matlab

It is a great challenge for doctors even with the existence of emerging technology, to diagnose the symptoms of a skin disease. Many people are exposed to serious skin diseases that require them to go to hospitals and go through a number of different expensive medical examinations which takes up to days. The prosed work can solve the above problem to an extent , through the design of a program by MATLAB, a method based on vertical image segmentation, and is proposed to identify three various types of skin diseases, namely, Acne, Cancer and Psoriasis dermatitis. The work is a key to detect a range of symptoms in just a few seconds, making the diagnosis more intuitive and realistic. The aim of this project is the classification of different diseases based on images given as input. The project is based on MATLAB software platform. The images are collected from various publicly available databases Dermnet, DermWeb, etc. Firstly, the sample images of four skin diseases need to be preprocessed. Secondly, the vertical image is segmented and made corresponding geometric transformation. Based on this, three types of skin diseases’ features are extracted, and their correlated parameters of feature texture and pixels of lesion areas are collected through image segmentation. Finally, the symptoms of Acne, Cancer and Psoriasis dermatitis are identified by utilizing the support vector machine (SVM) method in order to improve identification accuracy and provide an interface to doctors.

On the impact of alternative seismic time imaging methods on subsurface fault mapping in the northernmost Molasse Basin, Switzerland

The identification and characterization of tectonic faults in the subsurface represent key aspects of geologic exploration activities across the world. We have evaluated the impact of alternative seismic time imaging methods on initial subsurface fault mapping in three dimensions in the form of a case study situated in the most external foreland of the European Central Alps (the northernmost Molasse Basin). Four different seismic amplitude volumes of one and the same 3D seismic data set, differing in imaging technologies and parameterizations applied, were considered for the interpretation of a fault zone dissecting a Mesozoic sedimentary sequence that is characterized by a pronounced mechanical stratigraphy and has witnessed a multiphase tectonic evolution. For this purpose, we interpreted each seismic amplitude volume separately. In addition, we computed a series of seismic attributes individually for each volume. Comparison of the different data interpretations revealed consistent results concerning the mapping of the seismic marker horizons and main fault segments. Deviations concern the apparent degree of vertical and lateral fault zone segmentation and the occurrence of small-scale fault strands that may be regarded as important fault kinematic indicators. The compilation of all fault interpretations in map form allows the critical assessment of the robustness of the initial seismic fault mapping, highlighting well-constrained from poorly defined fault zone elements. We conclude that the consideration of multiple seismic processing products for subsurface fault mapping is advisable to evaluate general imaging uncertainties and potentially guide the development of fault zone model variants to tackle previously discussed aspects of conceptual interpretation uncertainties.

Endogenous vertical segmentation in a Cournot oligopoly

An arbitrary number of (ex ante symmetric) firms first choose whether to produce a high-quality or a low-quality product and then, the quantity of product to put on the market. We establish the following results: (1) there exists competition within and across quality segments; (2) firms may be better off producing the low quality if competition within this segment is sufficiently low; (3) a firm’s switch across qualities may benefit all the other firms; (4) there exists a unique partition of the firms between the two quality segments; (5) if high quality has a larger cost-quality ratio, then the equilibrium exhibits vertical differentiation; (6) there may be too much differentiation from the consumers’ point of view.

Seismic history of a bedrock fault scarp using quantitative morphology together with multiple dating methods: A case study of the Luoyunshan piedmont fault, southwestern Shanxi Rift, China

The study of bedrock fault scarps is a useful approach to identify paleo-earthquakes and acquire the faulting history in bedrock areas where traditional trench techniques are not applicable. Here, we report a study on the Luoyunshan piedmont fault (LYSPF), southwestern Shanxi Rift, China. Although several studies have analyzed the LYSPF, its faulting behavior is still under debate. For example, the tectonic geomorphology fails to determine the frequency of past slips and the elapsed time. To address these problems, we investigated two bedrock fault surfaces, Luoyuncun (northern segment) and Weicun (southern segment) using quantitative morphology analyses together with multiple Quaternary dating techniques. Quantitative morphology analysis shows that both bedrock fault surfaces have the characteristics of vertical segmentation. This kind of segmentation indicates that the fault surfaces are exhumed intermittently, likely owing to periodic faulting earthquakes. Therefore, earthquake events can be identified as morphological segments, and the corresponding co-seismic displacement can be determined by the height of these segments. According to the results from the quantitative morphology and dating techniques, four seismic events, with a co-seismic vertical displacement of 0.9 m, 0.82 m, 1.64 to 2.38 m and 2.30 to 2.54 m, on the northern segment occurred during the late Pleistocene, whereas, two seismic events, with a co-seismic vertical displacement of ~1.33 m and 1 to 1.08 m are identified on the southern segment occurred during the Holocene. Combined with the results of knickpoint series and trench techniques of the LYSPF, eight paleo-earthquake events were identified since 45 ka, with an average recurrence interval of 5.8 kyr. The more complete paleo-earthquake sequence also showed the possibility that the variation of the slip rate along the LYSPF depends on the segment, and that the displacement produced by the Linfen M 7½ earthquake of 649 CE has been recorded at the WC fault surface.

Key technologies of intelligent transportation based on image recognition

With the development of economy, the research of urban intelligent transportation system is becoming more and more important. The research and development of plate number recognition system is an important factor to realize the intelligence and modernization of transportation system. It uses each car to have a unique plate number and recognizes the vehicle number through the vehicle image captured by the camera. On the basis of image recognition, this article takes plate number image as the research object and discusses the key technologies of plate number recognition system. First, this article uses image preprocessing technology to process images to improve image quality. Second, the plate number location algorithm based on the connected region search is analyzed. According to the characteristics of the plate number itself, the regional features of the plate number are extracted to locate the plate number accurately. Then, an improved vertical projection-based plate number character segmentation method is proposed to segment plate number characters. Finally, combined with character characteristics, the template matching method is used to recognize plate number characters. The simulation results show that, on the basis of image recognition, this article studies the key technologies of plate number recognition system, which effectively improves the performance of the system and makes the recognition of plate number more effective and accurate.

Optimal Character Segmentation for Touching Characters in Tamil Language Palm Leaf Manuscripts using Horver Method

An optimality of an automatic character recognition for Tamil palm leaf manuscripts can be achieved only by an efficient segmentation of touching characters. In this article, the touching characters are segmented as a single character to achieve an optimum solution by the recognizer in Optical Character Recognition (OCR). The proposed method provides a novelty in touching character segmentation of Tamil palm leaf manuscripts. An initial process of separation of background image and foreground characters is applied on the palm leaf images by filtering and removing unwanted pieces of characters by noise removal methods. The thickening process overcomes the difficulty of small breakages in the characters. The aspect ratio of the character image can be used to categorize the character such as single or multi touching. Single touching is divided by yet another ways such as horizontal or vertical touching. Finally, the proposed algorithm for Horizontal and Vertical character segmentation named as HorVer method is applied on the horizontally and vertically touching characters to segment as independent character. Experimental result produces 91% of an accuracy on segmenting the touching characters in Tamil palm leaf manuscript images collected from various resources and Tamil Heritage Foundation (THF). A novelty method can be achieved in Tamil touching character segmentation by the proposed algorithm.

Segmentation crack formation dynamics during air plasma spraying of zirconia

Air Plasma Sprayed (APS) Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs) is a well-established technology in the gas turbine industry. A conventional APS TBC is a layered structure with heterogenous distribution of defects (microcracking, pores, etc.) which allow it to simultaneously possess low thermal conductivity and elastic modulus compared to its bulk counterpart. However, interfacial defects can be a source of delamination failure during thermal cycling. In addition, conventional porous coatings can experience sintering during sustained exposure, which augments failure through stiffening-induced delamination. Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition (EB-PVD) TBC coatings, due to their dense columnar structures, are less susceptible to both sintering and delamination. This has led to the consideration of more economically-applied APS TBCs that are dense with periodic vertical segmentation cracks. Such dense vertically cracked coatings (DVCs) have been successfully developed and implemented in gas turbine engines. These microstructures are produced in-situ through control of the process conditions with high deposition temperatures. However, the mechanism of such segmentation cracks is unclear. In this study, formation dynamics of segmentation cracks were observed through in-situ beam curvature monitoring during deposition in combination with microstructural evaluations. It was observed the initial layers of the coating are dense without segmentation cracking. As subsequent layers are deposited, periodic macrocracking initiates and typically propagates through the remaining coating thickness. The in-situ in-plane coating stress is significantly reduced after segmentation cracking begins. These results are reconciled through interpretation of thin-film fracture literature, and an initial framework to interpret the experimental observations is provided.

Fault kinematics and localised inversion within the Troms-Finnmark Fault Complex, SW Barents Sea

The areas bounding the Troms-Finnmark Fault Complex are affected by complex tectonic evolution. In this work, the history of fault growth, reactivation, and inversion of major faults in the Troms-Finnmark Fault Complex and the Ringvassøy Loppa Fault Complex is interpreted from three-dimensional seismic data, structural maps and fault displacement plots. Our results reveal eight normal faults bounding rotated fault blocks in the Troms-Finnmark Fault Complex. Both the throw-depth and displacement-distance plots show that the faults exhibit complex configurations of lateral and vertical segmentation with varied profiles. Some of the faults were reactivated by dip-linkages during the Late Jurassic and exhibit polycyclic fault growth, including radial, syn-sedimentary, and hybrid propagation. Localised positive inversion is the main mechanism of fault reactivation occurring at the Troms-Finnmark Fault Complex. The observed structural styles include folds associated with extensional faults, folded growth wedges and inverted depocentres. Localised inversion was intermittent with rifting during the Middle Jurassic–Early Cretaceous at the boundaries of the Troms-Finnmark Fault Complex to the Finnmark Platform. Additionally, tectonic inversion was more intense at the boundaries of the two fault complexes, affecting Middle Triassic to Early Cretaceous strata. Our study shows that localised folding is either a product of compressional forces or of lateral movements in the Troms-Finnmark Fault Complex. Regional stresses due to the uplift in the Loppa High and halokinesis in the Tromsø Basin are likely additional causes of inversion in the Troms-Finnmark Fault Complex.

Security and privacy concerned association rule mining technique for the accurate frequent pattern identification

Security and privacy has emerged to be a serious concern in which the business professional don’t desire to share their classified transaction data. In the earlier work, secured sharing of transaction databases are carried out. The performance of those methods is enhanced further by bringing in Security and Privacy aware Large Database Association Rule Mining (SPLD-ARM) framework. Now the Improved Secured Association Rule Mining (ISARM) is introduced for the horizontal and vertical segmentation of huge database. Then k-Anonymization methods referred to as suppression and generalization based Anonymization method is employed for privacy guarantee. At last, Diffie-Hellman encryption algorithm is presented in order to safeguard the sensitive information and for the storage service provider to work on encrypted information. The Diffie-Hellman algorithm is utilized for increasing the quality of the system on the overall by the generation of the secured keys and thus the actual data is protected more efficiently. Realization of the newly introduced technique is conducted in the java simulation environment that reveals that the newly introduced technique accomplishes privacy in addition to security.

Fuzzy Consensus Clustering With Applications on Big Data

Consensus clustering aims to find a single partition of data that agrees as much as possible with existing basic partitions. Given its robustness and generalizability, consensus clustering has emerged as a promising solution to find cluster structures inside heterogeneous big data rising from various application domains. In the area of fuzzy systems, however, research along this line is still in its initial stage with some unsystematic algorithmic studies. Finding a fuzzy consensus partition from multiple fuzzy basic partitions in an efficient, flexible, and robust way is still an exciting open problem calling for further investigation. In light of this, this paper provides a systematic study of fuzzy consensus clustering (FCC) from a utility perspective. Specifically, we first define the objective function of FCC clearly using the novel fuzzified contingency matrix. We then derive a family of FCC Utility functions termed as FCCU that can transform FCC to a weighted piecewise fuzzy $c$ -means clustering (piFCM) problem. This helps us to establish an algorithmic framework for FCC with flexible choice of utility functions, and speeds FCC significantly with a FCM-like iterative process of piFCM. To meet the big data challenge, we further parallelize FCC on the Spark platform with both vertical and horizontal segmentation schemes. Extensive experiments on various real-world datasets demonstrate the excellent performance of FCC, even with a majority of poor basic partitions. In particular, our method exhibits interesting potential for big data clustering in two real-life applications concerned with online event detection and overlapping community detection, respectively.

A 3D structural analysis of the Goliat field, Barents Sea, Norway

The Goliat field consists of Middle to Late Triassic reservoirs which exploit an elongate anticline (the Goliat anticline) in the hanging wall of the Troms-Finnmark Fault Complex (TFFC), offshore Norway. The area is affected by a dense network of multiple trending fault populations which historically have inhibited seismic resolution owing to persistent fault shadow. Seismic investigations utilising a multi-azimuth three-dimensional survey (EN0901) allow much crisper delineation of seismic features previously unattainable by vintage single-azimuth surveys. Three dominant fault populations are identified in the area, two of which parallel TFFC segments, the Alke–Goliat (WSW–ENE) and the Goliat–Tornerose (NNE–SSW) segments. The Goliat field is located within a zone of intersection between both segments. A third E–W trending fault population, the Hammerfest Regional population, is likely influenced by the offshore extension of the Trollfjord-Komagelv Fault Complex (TKFZ). A local NW–SE trending fault population, the Goliat Central, affects the Goliat anticline and partitions Alke–Goliat and Goliat–Tornerose subsidiary faults resulting in curvilinear traces. Several cross-cutting relationships between fault populations are observed and may provide fluid compartmentalisation in the reservoirs. Compilation of regional transects and the EN0901 survey provides new insight into the evolution of the Goliat anticline which is underlain by a fault-bound basement terrace that became established in the Late Palaeozoic. The structure is interpreted to have formed due to vertical segmentation of the TFFC and cores the overlying broad anticline. The western limb of the Goliat anticline likely formed by differential compaction, whereas the eastern limb is primarily a result of hanging wall roll-over linked to variable listric to ramp-flat-ramp fault geometry. Rifting took place in the Palaeozoic (Carboniferous to Permian?), and in the Mesozoic, possibly as early as the Late Triassic, with a major event in the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. Minor reactivations continued into the Late Cretaceous, and possibly the Early Cenozoic. Mesozoic syn-kinematic geometries in the hanging wall of the Goliat–Tornerose TFFC segment are consistent with deposition during up section propagation of a blind fault, over which, a monocline was established and later breached. Jogs (abrupt orientation changes) in fault traces, transverse folds (associated with displacement maxima/minima) and vertical fault jogs suggest the TFFC existed as a greater number of segments prior to amalgamation during the Late Triassic to Jurassic. A phase of Barremian inversion created local compression structures above blind extensional faults, and deeper seated buttressing against large faults. Polygonal faults affect the Late Cretaceous to Early Cenozoic successions.

Analogue modelling of inverted domino‐style basement fault systems

AbstractInversion of pre‐existing extensional fault systems is common in rift systems, back‐arc basins and passive margins. It can significantly influence the development of structural traps in hydrocarbon basins. The analogue models of domino‐style basement fault systems shown in this paper produced, on extension, characteristic hangingwall growth stratal wedges that, when contracted and inverted, formed classic inversion harpoon geometries and asymmetric hangingwall contractional fault‐propagation folds. Segmented footwall shortcut faults formed as the basement faults were progressively back‐rotated and steepened. The pre‐existing extensional fault architectures, basement fault geometries and the relative hangingwall and footwall block rotations exerted fundamental controls on the inversion styles. Digital image correlation (DIC) strain monitoring illustrated complex vertical fault segmentation and linkage during inversion as the major faults were reactivated and strain was progressively transferred onto footwall shortcut faults. Hangingwall deformation during inversion was dominated by significant back‐rotation as the inversion progressed. The mechanical stratigraphy of the cover sequences strongly influenced the fold and fault evolution of the reactivated fault systems. The implications of the experimental results for the interpretation and analysis of inversion structures are discussed and are compared with natural examples of inverted basement‐involved extensional faults observed in seismic datasets.