Vertical Jump Test Research Articles

Relationship between power strength and anaerobic power index as a clear picture of the effect of strength training among young soccer elite players

Purpose: muscle contraction has both mechanical to produce movement and metabolic properties to produce energy. However, manipulation of strength training planes (horizontal or vertical) subject to be an important training strategy to develop soccer-specific power-based actions. Depending on mode of exercise and more important the energy demands. Material & Methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted to inspect the relation between power strength and anaerobic power index, proper to mode of exercise (vertical vs horizontal) among young soccer elite players. To achieve this goal, we based on anaerobic capacity repeat sprint test power index for103 male players with mean age (18.55±0.48) years, involved in the Oran league competition division one. In addition to their strength in Vertical Jump (VJ) and Standing Long Jump Test (SLJ), conducted in the Omni sports complex of the institute physical education and sport Chlef. Results: significant inverse correlations record between power strength and anaerobic power index in all comparisons practised. Support by the index of Max power anaerobic and fatigue as super predictors of players performance in horizontal plane. The opposite of vertical plane where the index of fatigue and Min power anaerobic are the super predictors. Conclusions: our results confirmed that to have a clear picture of the effect of strength training on physical performance. Trainers must take in their consideration, the mode of exercise and their energy index power demands affirmed in present via the development of max power anaerobic to enhance not only minimal but also the index of fatigue requiring the good developments of neuromuscular function, in which max power anaerobic levels play a big part in maximizing scores not only in vertical plane but also in horizontal jump.

A Modelling of the Effect of Biomotor Capabilities on the Special Ablitiy Test Course

The aim of this study is to evaluate some bio motor capabilities which are thought to have an effect on SpecialAbility Test Course (SATC) test scores applied as an entrance exam in the School of Physical Education and Sports(SPES). 70 participants who were successful in the SATC (51 male (181 ± 5.5 cm, 73.9 ± 9.8 kg) and 19 female (165± 5.6 cm, 54.7 ± 6.49 kg) were included in the study. The bio motor capability performances of the participants, suchas speed (10 m, 20 m, 30 m, 100 m sprint), agility (T-test, 505 agility test), and anaerobic power (Sargent verticaljump test) were measured two weeks after the SATC tests. The performances of the participants in the 2018 SATC ofthe Tekirdag Namik Kemal University SPES were used as the scores of the SATC. The mean of a difference test, acorrelation analysis, and a multiple linear regression analysis were used as the statistical method (p<0,05). Whilethere was a significant positive correlation between the SATC agility (r = 799 **) and speed (r = 895 **) scores,there was a negative correlation between SATC scores and anaerobic power output (r = -719 **). Statistical analysiswas performed by taking the gender factor into account in the linear regression estimation due to the significantdifference (p <0.05) between the SATC scores according to the gender variable. The bio motor capabilities of themale participants, which contributed the most to the SATC scores, were determined as 505 agility (Beta = 424) and30 m (Beta = 379) speed (SATC Male=-9.992 + (10.478 x 505 test) + (6.742 x 30 m). However, the bio motorcapabilities of the female participants did not contribute to the SATC scores.

Ankle bracing's effects on lower extremity iEMG activity, force production, and jump height during a Vertical Jump Test: An exploratory study

ObjectiveTo determine if softshell (AE) and semi-rigid (T1) ankle braces affect lower extremity iEMG activity, force, and jump height during a Vertical Jump Test. DesignRepeated measures, crossover. SettingLaboratory. Participants42 healthy, active individuals. Outcome measuresVertical jump height, iEMG activity, peak vGRF. ResultsThere was significant change across conditions in lateral gastrocnemius (LG) iEMG activity, F(2,70) = 5.31, p = .007, ηp2 = 0.132, with T1 LG iEMG being significantly less (−2.08(99% CI, −3.98 to 0.18) %MVIC, p = .004) than no brace. Significant changes were seen in rectus femoris (RF) iEMG activity, F(2,68) = 6.36, p = .003, ηp2 = 0.158, with T1 RF iEMG activity being significantly less than AE RF iEMG activity (−2.78(99% CI, −5.36 to −0.19) %MVIC, p = .005). There was a significant change in vertical jump height across conditions, F(2,78) = 22.13, p < .0005, ηp2 = 0.362, with a significant decrease in the AE (−2.41(99% CI, −3.66 to −1.17) cm, p < .0005) and T1 conditions (−2.89(99% CI,−4.56 to −1.23) cm, p < .0005), compared to no brace. ConclusionVertical jump height is significantly reduced when wearing ankle braces. Effects on lower extremity iEMG activity are dependent upon brace type.

Investigation of Basketball Ability Levels and some Performance Characteristics of Male and Female Students

In this study, it was aimed to determine the performance characteristics and skill levels specific to the sports branches of students and to direct the correct branch by making skill determinations. The sample group of the study consisted of 110 volunteer middle school students, 55 girls 10,95 years and 55 boys10, 96 years aged, who had never been trained in any sport branch in Ankara. İn the study, performance features include vertical jump test, long jump test, 20 m speed jump test, health ball throw test, and ball drop shot for basketball talent detection, triple shot, ball throw, ball throw, ball throw on the wall, test was applied. Statistical analyzes of the measurements were made in the SPSS 22 program. When the total scores of the 55 male and 55 female students who applied the basketball ability test battery were examined, it is determined that there are 16 female and 22 male students with good and very good level. In addition, it was determined that 10 girls and 14 boys from these students had better motoric test results than the others. As a result; 24 students may be more successful than the other students in the basketball field and it is considered appropriate to direct these students to the basketball field.

Physical Fitness and Anthropometric Measures of Young Brazilian Judo and Wrestling Athletes and Its Relations to Cardiorespiratory Fitness.

This study aimed to compare the anthropometric profile and physical fitness of young judo and wrestling athletes. Twenty-four young athletes (judo (n = 13) and wrestling (n = 11)) participated in this study. The first visit involved anthropometric and flexibility evaluation, abdominal endurance test, upper limbs resistance and cardiorespiratory test. After 48 h, horizontal jump test (HJT), vertical jump test (VJT), medicine ball throw test (MBT), chin-up test (CUT), chin-up isometric test (CUIT) and the anaerobic resistance test were performed. Judo athletes presented greater values for body mass (p = 0.020), height (p = 0.010), and body mass index (p = 0.026) than wrestlers. Judo athletes also performed better for abdominal endurance (p = 0.044), upper limb resistance tests (p < 0.001), VJT (p = 0.022) and MBT (p = 0.023) than wrestling athletes. These results suggest that young judo athletes presented a higher performance in abdominal endurance, upper limbs resistance, HJT, VJT and MBT than wrestling athletes, suggesting that strength and conditioning are related to modality specificity.

EFFECTS OF CORE STRENGTHENING INTERVENTION ON MAXIMAL OXYGEN UPTAKE, FLEXIBILITY AND LOWER LIMB STRENGTH IN UNIVERSITY LEVEL CYCLISTS

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of 6-week core strengthening intervention on Maximal Oxygen Uptake, Flexibility and Lower limb strength of University level Cyclists. Thirty, University level male Cyclists of Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar between the age group of 18-28 years (Mean ± SD: age 21.766 ± 2.2078 yrs, body height 167.533 ± 5.593 cm, body mass 63.08 ± 3.723 kg) volunteered to participate in the study. Queens College Step test was performed to calculate Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO 2max ), Sit and Reach test was performed to calculate Flexibility and Vertical Jump Test was performed to calculate Lower limb Strength. The subjects from Group-A: Experimental were subjected to a 6-week core strength exercise program, 3 days a week for six weeks. Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows version 16.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Data is expressed as the mean ± SD. Paired sample t-test was utilized to compare the means of the Pre-Test and the Post-Test. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Significant differences were found in Maximal Oxygen Uptake, Flexibility and Lower limb Strength in the Experimental Group subjected to 6-week core strengthening intervention. However, no significant changes were noted in the Control Group at the end of 6-week duration. Article visualizations:

Genç Erkek Haltercilerde Vücut Kompozisyonu Tam Skuat Bar Zirve Güç ve Dikey Sıçrama Testlerinin Koparma ve Silkme Toplam Performansını Tahmin Etme Gücünün İncelenmesi

Genç Erkek Haltercilerde Vücut Kompozisyonu Tam Skuat Bar Zirve Güç ve Dikey Sıçrama Testlerinin Koparma ve Silkme Toplam Performansını Tahmin Etme Gücünün İncelenmesi

Does the weight of basketball shoes affect speed and jumping performance?

Purpose: The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of different weights of basketball shoes on speed and jumping performance in male basketball players. Methods: 20 male basketball players in two groups, as eyes open (n:10) and eyes closed (n:10) participated in the study. The two groups performed vertical jump (VJ) and 10m sprint tests with three different weights of shoes (light, 352g; medium, 510g; heavy, 637g). The data were analyzed with Friedman repeated measurements variance analysis. Results: In Vertical Jump test, jumping performance of the eyes open group (EOG) with light shoes was found to be statistically higher as 1.8% and 2.1%, respectively when compared with medium and heavy shoes (p&lt; 0.001). In eyes closed group (ECG), no statistically significant difference was found between any of the 3 shoe weights in vertical jump performance (p&gt;0.005). In 10 meter (m) sprint test, 10 m sprint time of the eyes open group was found to be statistically better as 0.5% and 1.6%, respectively when compared with medium and heavy shoe performance (p&lt;0.001). Medium weight shoe was found to be 1.2% statistically better than heavy shoes (p&lt;0.001). In eyes closed group, light shoes affected 10m sprint performance statistically better with 1% when compared with heavy shoes (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: Wearing light shoes in basketball has 2.1% and 1.6% positive effect on jumping and sprint performance, respectively. It can increase basketball players’ performance. Choosing light shoes will help provide both psychological and physical advantages.

CONSTRUCTION OF PHYSICAL FITNESS TEST ITEMS NORMS OF TAEKWONDO PLAYER OF GURU NANAK DEV UNIVERSITY, AMRITSAR, INDIA

The purpose of this study was to construct Norms of Physical Fitness Test Items of Taekwondo Player. To obtain data, the investigators had selected Fourty (N=40), male Inter-Colleg e level Taekwondo Player of Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar between the age group of 18-28. The Muscular Strength was measured by Handgrip Strength Test, Muscular Power was measured by Vertical Jump Test, Muscular Endurance was measured by Pull-Up Test, Running Speed was measured by 20-Meter Dash, Running Agility was measured by Illinois Agility Test, Jumping Ability was measured by Standing Long Jump Test, Throwing Ability was measured by Overhead Medicine Ball Throw Test, Flexibility was measured by Sit and Reach Flexibility Test and Balance was measured by Stork Balance Stand Test. The data, which was collected by administering tests, was statistically treated to develop for all the test items. In order to construct the norms, Percentile Scale was used. Further, the scores were classified into five grades i.e., very good, good, average, poor and very poor. Article visualizations:

Dynamics of Muscular Performance Indices during the 30‑s Vertical Jump Test in Endurance and Sprint Cohorts

Research background and hypothesis. According the methodological requirement testing procedures do not modify the main training objectives. It is well known that specificity of performance assessment tests is important if we want to compare performance of different groups tested.Research aim was to find out the peculiarities of muscular performance indices in sprint and endurance cohorts while performing a 30-s vertical jump test.Research methods. The participants of the study were two groups of athletes, i. e. sprint and endurance runners. The participants of the study performed a 30-s vertical jumps test with maximal efforts. The sum of height of all jumps was calculated by a special computerized program and the values in height of jumps, contact time and relative power at onset of workload and at each 5 seconds of the test were analyzed.Research results. The difference between the cohorts in jumps height was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05) during the whole series of jumps. Athletes’ adaptation to speed-power type of exercising produced higher anaerobic muscle performance indices while performing 30-s duration jumps test. Endurance runners usually demonstrate lower results in jumping than sprint- athletes and they compensate reduced muscular power with prolonged duration of take-off.Discussion and conclusions. Despite some methodological limitations the results of this study show that the assessment of muscular performance indices allows assessing the peculiarities of dynamics of relative muscle power and fatigue.Keywords: endurance and sprint running, muscular performance, vertical jump test.

Influence of Concentrated Power Endurace Workloads on Sprinters’ Functional State

Research background and hypothesis. There are few studies about the variables of the duration of power-endurance workloads and their total and residual effects.Research aim was to evaluate the changes in the functional state indices of muscular and cardiovascular systems while two training micro-cycles were designed to develop power-endurance abilities, and the third one was appointed for active rest.Research methods: Seven sprint athletes performed two micro-cycles of concentrated power-endurance type loads and one micro-cycle was appointed for recovery. Three groups of indices were chosen: muscular power; cardiovascular indices and indices of recovery. 12-leads ECG was registered during the Ruffier test and 30 s vertical jumping tests. Research results. Under the influence of two training micro-cycles using concentrated power endurance workloads muscular power deteriorated and the recovery rate was individual. After two training micro-cycles the effect of total fatigue caused an increased biological efforts to perform the locomotion task and cardiovascular changes were more expressed than before training. Seven days was a too short period of time so that the changes in the indices caused by total effect of training would return to the baseline values again.Discussion and conclusions. Reduced abilities in the regulation of peripheral vascular tone after heavy training could be compensated by the changes in the cardiac function, i. e. by an increase in systolic blood pressure. Cardiovascular indices could be useful for describing changes in the functional state of athletes under the influence of training.Keywords: cardiovascular system, recovery, anaerobic load.

Acute Oral Ingestion of a Multi-ingredient Preworkout Supplement Increases Exercise Performance and Alters Postexercise Hormone Responses: A Randomized Crossover, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Multi-ingredient preworkout supplements (MIPS) are marketed as a means to increase exercise performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a single serving of Bang Pre-Workout Master Blaster (BMB) on upper- and lower-body power output and local muscular endurance. Ten resistance-trained males participated in two exercise testing sessions consisting of the vertical jump (VJ), seated medicine ball throw (SMBT), and local muscular endurance tests for the bench press (BP) and leg extension (LE) exercises at 70% of one-repetition maximum. Participants consumed placebo (PLA) or BMB 30 minutes prior to each exercise session. No difference between trials was observed for SMBT distance or BP repetitions. Vertical jump (p = .006) and LE repetitions (p = .014) were greater for the BMB trial compared with placebo. A significant interaction between trial and time was observed for insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1; p = .044). Serum IGF-1 was significantly increased at both 30 PS (p = .004) and 30PX (p = .038) compared with BL for the BMB trial only. In conclusion, acute ingestion of BMB increased lower-body power and endurance as measured by the VJ and LE repetition tests, respectively, without altering hemodynamics. Furthermore, serum IGF-1 increased in response to acute exercise with BMB supplementation, but not with PLA. No differences in human growth hormone (HGH) or serum cortisol responses were observed between trials.

Comparação do ciclo alongamento-encurtamento em saltos verticais entre mulheres ativas adultas-jovens e idosas

PURPOSE: To verify if there is an electromyographic economy and/or an increase in the variables of vertical jumps, both as a function of the use of the Stretch-Shortening Cycle and to compare the findings between young and old women, both active. METHODS: The sample consisted of a group of elderly (GI) and a group of young (GJ), both female. The power was measured through the contact platform and electromyographic activity of the muscles: biceps femoris (BF), rectus femoris (RF), medial gastrocnemius and vastus lateralis, through vertical jumping tests: Squat Jump (SJ) and Counter Movement Jump (CMJ). RESULTS: All the muscles evaluated did not present a statistically significant difference in the electromyographic activation and the comparisons of the mean percentage of use of the Stretch-Shortening Cycle (CAE), but it was observed that for the vastus lateralis and rectus femoris muscles there were significant differences in the comparisons between the two types of jumps of both groups, GI (236.89±115.66 for SJ and 230.45±109.10 for vastus lateralis muscle (VL) CMJ and 155.42±49.06 for SJ and 155 , 45±61.78 for the CMJ of the RF muscle) required greater neuromuscular activation to jump less than GJ (117.40±133.09 for SJ and 133.09±60.71 for VL muscle CMJ and 106.72±34.15 for the SJ and 108.87±38.85 for the CMJ of the RF muscle). CONCLUSIONS: The present study confirms that there was no statistically significant difference in the use of CAE in both groups (GI and GJ). However, when it comes to the skipped height and the power developed, there were statistically significant differences in the comparison of the groups.

A database-driven neural computing framework for classification of vertical jump patterns of healthy female netballers using 3D kinematics–EMG features

Classification of athletes’ performance in vertical jump (VJ) tests is a recommended practice at various stages of athlete fitness development and performance enhancement. The practice is, however, currently conducted subjectively and mainly based on measures of the vertical jump height (VJH) attained in standardized VJ tests. The current study presents an intelligent integrated classification framework (IICF) for classification of athlete performance in single-leg (SL) and double-leg (DL) standing VJ tests based on lower extremity (LE) biomechanical data. Biomechanical data consisted of three-dimensional (3D) kinematics and electromyography (EMG) features generated from ankle–knee joints and eight LE muscles of 13 healthy female national netball players (subjects) obtained during six trials of SL-left leg (SLLL), SL-right leg (SLRL), and DL VJ tests. Each participating subject had prior VJ classification by the trainer as either excellent or very good in each of the three VJ tests. IICF introduced in this work utilizes an integration of the scalable and interoperable relational database management system (MySQLDB) and artificial neural networks (ANNs). Integrated pattern sets containing the extracted features (EF) obtained from first three VJ trials data were randomly partitioned into design and test data sets and ANN implemented using fully connected multilayer perceptron feedforward neural networks (MLP-FFNN) with three different training algorithms. Subjects’ prior VJ classifications were used as MLP-FFNN target outputs. A second classifier is trained using support vector machine (SVM) using three different kernel mapping functions and performances between MPL-FFNN and SVM classifiers compared on both training and independent test pattern sets. The test pattern sets comprise of EF generated from the latter three VJ trials data stored in MySQLDB. The average classification accuracy (F-measure) achieved by the optimally trained MLP-FFNN classifier on independent test pattern sets across all the three VJ activities was 93.33% (86.67–96.77%), whereas SVM classifier’s was 82.5% (73.33–87.5%). Through a custom-made web-based interface having backend integration of MySQLDB and the optimally trained MLP-FFNN, classification of individual subjects’ pattern sets from either VJ activities is also enabled. Individual subjects’ classification results can then be compared with prior classifications by the trainer, and differences were highlighted. IICF introduced in this work has demonstrated its feasibility as an objective complementary assessment tool for trainers during conducting of SL and DL vertical jump tests for netball players and athletes in general. Descriptive statistics for the entire experimental data sets’ features used in this study are also presented.

Influence of force-vector and force application plyometric training in young elite basketball players

Plyometric training composed by unilateral exercises with horizontal jumping direction seems to be an effective way to improve physical performance in athletes. The present study aimed to compare the influence of a combined jumping direction and force application (horizontal-unilateral vs. vertical-bilateral) plyometric training on linear sprinting, jumping, change of direction (COD) and dynamic balance in young elite basketball players. Twenty young (U-13 to U-14) male basketball players (age: 13.2 ± 0.7 years, body mass: 59.5 ± 12.7 kg, height: 172.9 ± 7.9 cm) were randomly assigned either to a unilateral-horizontal (UH, n = 10) or bilateral-vertical (BV, n = 10) plyometric group, twice a week for 6-wk. Both groups performed between 60 and 100 jumps/session. UH executed all jumps unilaterally with horizontal direction, while jumps in the BV were bilaterally with vertical direction. Performance was assessed by a linear sprinting test, vertical and horizontal jumping tests, COD tests (V-cut and 5+5 m with a 180°COD test), an ankle dorsiflexion test and dynamic balance tests (anterior and postero-lateral directions). Within-group differences showed substantial improvements (Effect size (ES):0.31–1.01) in unilateral vertical and horizontal jumping, V-cut test and postero-lateral direction with right leg after both training interventions. Furthermore, UH group also substantially improved (ES:0.33–0.78) all sprinting times and postero-lateral direction with left leg, while BV enhanced anterior direction with left leg (ES:0.25). Between-group analyses showed substantially greater improvements (ES:0.33) in 10-m and V-cut test in UH than in BV. The likely beneficial effect (small ES) achieved in sprinting abilities suggests the combination of unilateral-horizontal jumps to improve such abilities.

High knee loading in male adolescent pre-professional football players: Effects of a targeted training programme

ObjectiveTo assess whether targeted neuromuscular exercises can decrease knee loading of adolescent pre-professional footballers with high knee loading as identified with the field-based Drop Vertical Jump Test (DVJT). DesignProspective controlled trial, conducted between August and November 2016 at Erasmus Medical Centre, The Netherlands. MethodsPre-professional football players (aged 14–21years) were evaluated at baseline and after 12weeks follow-up with the field-based DVJT. The field-based DVJT is a standardised test in which a player drops from a box and jumps up immediately after landing; knee load is calculated based on five parameters. Players with high knee load (probability≥0.75) from one club performed regular training(control group), and players with high knee load from another other club performed targeted neuromuscular exercises for 12weeks (intervention group). The difference of change in knee load between both groups after 12weeks was the primary outcome measure. ResultsOf 107 eligible players, 75 had a high knee loading. Knee loading decreased in both groups after 12weeks of training, but change in probability of high knee load was not significantly different between both groups (95% Confidence Interval [−0.012–0.082], p=0.139). ConclusionTargeted neuromuscular exercises had no additional effect in decreasing knee loading of adolescent male pre-professional football players compared to regular training.Trial registration number: The Netherlands Trial Register (ID number: 6044).

NORMS CONSTRUCTION AND GRADING FOR PHYSICAL FITNESS TEST ITEMS

The present study was conducted to construct norms for selected physical fitness test items of handball players. For the purpose of the present study, fourty eight (N=48), male Handball players of Panjab University, Chandigarh between the age group of 18-25 years were selected as subjects. The Muscular Strength was measured by Handgrip Strength Test, Muscular Power was measured by Vertical Jump Test, Muscular Endurance was measured by Pull-Up Test, Running Speed was measured by 20-Meter Dash, Running Agility was measured by Illinois Agility Test, Jumping Ability was measured by Standing Long Jump Test, Throwing Ability was measured by Overhead Medicine Ball Throw Test, Flexibility was measured by Sit and Reach Flexibility Test and Balance was measured by Stork Balance Stand Test. The data, which was collected by administering tests, was statistically treated to develop for all the test items. In order to construct the norms, Percentile Scale was used. Further, the scores were classified into five grades i.e., very good, good, average, poor and very poor. In Muscular Strength, the mean score was 49.562 and standard deviation score was 3.679. In Muscular Power, the mean score was 48.062 and standard deviation score was 2.276. In Muscular Endurance, the mean score was 6.958 and standard deviation score was 1.098. In Running Speed, the mean score was 4.6354 and standard deviation score was 0.143. In Running Agility, the mean score was 17.606 and standard deviation was 0.834. In Jumping Ability, the mean score was 2.7260 and standard deviation was 0.415. In Throwing Ability, the mean score was 13.562 and standard deviation score was 0.976. In Flexibility, the mean score was 4.625 and standard deviation score was 0.832. In Balance, the mean score was 46.354 and standard deviation score was 1.561of Panjab University, Chandigarh. Article visualizations:

An Assessment of a 15 vs. 30 Second Recovery Period on Vertical Jump Performance

The vertical jump (VJ) test is often used to assess an individual’s lower body peak power. The standard recovery time between subsequent jumps is typically 30 seconds (secs) with a completion of 3-6 jumps. Prior studies have reported no significant difference between 30 vs. 60 secs recovery on VJ performance. However, it may be possible that a shorter passive recovery (PR) period may allow for maintenance or improvements in jumping performance versus the standard recovery time and therefore, potentially contribute to a more time efficient testing session. In contrast to this, if an individual is not completely recovered before their next jump, it is possible that their performance may be diminished compared to earlier jumps. To the best of the researchers’ knowledge, the impact of a shorter PR period, such as 15 vs. 30 secs PR, on VJ performance has not been assessed. PURPOSE: To investigate potential differences between a 15 vs. 30 secs PR period on VJ performance in no less than averagely fit college-age males. METHODS: After measuring descriptive data (Ht., Wt., BF%, age), 31 averagely fit college-age males completed an 8 minute (min) dynamic warm-up on a cycle ergometer. Subjects were given a 4 min PR during which their reach height was measured. Following the PR, four familiarization jumps were completed using a VJ measurement device. After another 4 min PR, the subjects completed 2 series of jumps, with 6 trials each, in a counterbalanced order with either 15 (FIF) or 30 (THI) secs of recovery between each jump. The FIF and THI jump series were separated by 6 min of PR. Excluding the first jump, the highest jump for FIF and THI were compared using Paired-Samples t-Tests with significant differences occurring at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Significant differences (p = 0.016) occurred between FIF (69.64 + 8.61 cm) and THI (70.35 + 8.99 cm). CONCLUSION: The current results suggest that 30 secs of PR between jumps is optimal recovery for performance during the VJ test, while 15 secs of PR may hinder peak VJ performance in averagely fit college-age males. Although THI was less than a centimeter above FIF, a sufficient number of subjects had improved performance during THI. Future research may assess the impact of 15 vs. 30 secs PR on VJ performance using highly fit collegiate athletes that use vertical jump as a sport specific movement.

Impact of various foot arches on dynamic balance and speed performance in collegiate short distance runners: A cross-sectional comparative study

ObjectiveTo compare the impact of foot arches on dynamic balance and speed performance. Materials and methods30 collegiate male short distance runners were divided into three groups based on foot arches, high, neutral and low. Balance and speed performance were estimated based on scores of star excursion balance test (SEBT), 40 yard dash test and vertical jump test (VJT). ResultsSignificant improved scores (p < 0.001) were noted in SEBT, 40 yard dash test and VJT. ConclusionShort distance runners with high arch foot have improved dynamic balance and speed when compared to low and neutral arch foot.

English

Introduction: A 29-year old male athlete (body mass: 64 kg; height: 172 cm)sustained complete ACL rupture of the right knee. He was a martial-arts player and the injurywas repetitive, overuse in nature due to cyclic unilateral loading and unloading of the rightknee during training sessions. Rupture was diagnosed through detailed patient history, clinicalphysical examination and was confirmed through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of theright knee. Surgical reconstruction of the ACL was planned and a patellar tendon graft wasused. His baseline isokinetic data was recorded 4 months after the surgery. Objective: Thiscase study describes the effects of isokinetic strength training on knee biomechanics andphysical function of an ACL-reconstructed martial-arts athlete. Setting: Pakistan Sports BoardIslamabad. Study period: 40 days. Materials and Methods: Biodex System 3 Pro was used totrain the athlete for 15 sessions on alternate day basis. Average peak torque, average power,total work and peak torque to body weight ratio were recorded for hamstring and quadricepsbefore and after isokinetic rehabilitation. The athlete was positioned in the dynamometer withupright back while hip and knee were flexed to 90 degrees. Unilateral isokinetic contractionswere performed according to a premeditated exercise protocol. Both hamstring and quadricepswere tested isokinetically at five different movement speeds (30deg/sec, 90deg/sec, 150deg/sec, 210deg/sec, and 270deg/sec). Five contractions were performed at each speed duringboth knee flexion and extension. At baseline, average peak torque was higher at lower speedsfor both hamstring and quadriceps. Results: As a result of rehabilitation, average peak torquefor hamstring and quadriceps significantly improved at speeds of 150deg/sec and 90deg/secrespectively. Average power, peak torque to body weight ratio, total work was also improved forboth hamstring and quadriceps. Two physical performance tests - agility run test and verticaljump test - were used to assess the effects of training and both performance tests improved 51%and 100% respectively. Conclusion: Isokinetic training improved the strength of quadricepsand hamstring after ACL reconstruction. Hamstring muscle demonstrated greater traininginducedincrements in torque production compared to quadriceps at all contraction velocities.