Vertical Building Research Articles

Landslide disaster mitigation in Sawahlunto City

The research aims to analyze the implementation of landslide disaster mitigation in Sawahlunto. Motivated by the high risk of landslides in Sawahlunto. Efforts are needed to reduce the risk of landslides by implementing the theory used of W.N. Carter’s theory of non-structural and structural disaster mitigation. The method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques using interviews, documentation, and observation. This is concluded that the implementation of landslide disaster mitigation in Sawahlunto has been running, but the implementation has not been optimal. Several things, non-structural, cause this: In the legal framework, a lack of understanding of policies that contain appropriate mitigation as well as the role of each agency or institution; the disaster risk reduction forum (FPRB) has been formed at the level, but at the village level only has a disaster preparedness group (KSB); the lack of implementation of disaster mitigation measures by the community. Structural disaster mitigation activities are still inadequate, as seen from the unavailability of vertical evacuation buildings. Efforts that can be made to support the implementation of landslide disaster mitigation in Sawahlunto include reviewing mitigation policy documents, increasing the capacity of FPRB, and collaborating with various parties to support the implementation of disaster mitigation.

Study of functional components of the construction technology modules

The purpose of the proposed article is to study the functional components of mechanized construction technological equipment. The methodology is based on research and creative approaches. The methods of development analysis, synthesis of technical solutions, and simulation modeling were used. Scientific novelty. The study of the functional components of mechanized technological equipment, the analysis of technical solutions allowed us to substantiate the composition of the construction technological module for the construction of reinforced concrete monolithic structures. The authors proposed the results of the synthesis of constructive solutions that are implemented in the design of vertically mobile formwork, which allows improving the technological performance of the construction process by reducing the use of heavy crane equipment for the construction of vertical building structures. Research results. The article considers important issues of forming the components of construction technological equipment, in particular the formwork module. The proposed solutions ensure the implementation of smooth movement of the formwork module, optimization of the process of peeling the budding forming contour from the concrete layer of the vertical building structure.

Seismic analysis of vertically irregular RCC high-rise buildings: A study with provision of FVD at various locations

Abstract Irregular buildings are a significant part of urban infrastructure, often resulting from architectural, functional, and economic constraints. Among these, structures embracing vertical irregularities are predominantly receptive to dynamic loads, with earthquakes being the most damaging event. The dynamic forces acting on a structure during an earthquake generate vibrations and increase the energy within the structure. The primary role of a structure is to withstand these lateral loads and transmit them to the foundation. To enhance the seismic performance of such structures, various energy dissipation systems are employed to absorb and dissipate the released energy, thereby improving the building’s response to earthquake forces. This study focuses on the use of Fluid Viscous Dampers (FVDs) to dissipate energy from the structure. It involves a comparative analysis of effect due to inclusive and non-inclusiveness of fluid viscous dampers at various locations for Set-Back and Step-Back type vertical irregular high-rise buildings. The analysis aims to study key response parameters such as modal time-period, storey displacement, mode type, storey shear, torsional irregularity, and storey drift using ETABS software. The primary objective is to enhance understanding of the seismic behaviour of high-rise reinforced concrete structures with vertical irregularities and Fluid Viscous Dampers (FVDs) at different locations.

Effects of lift-up building design, building setback, and urban open space on pedestrian danger under the joint effect of floodwater and wind

Urban block layouts affect both the flow patterns of floodwater and wind in urban built environments and ultimately pedestrian danger within the urban building array. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to simulate both the floodwater inundation process and the wind-blowing process within three kinds of urban block configurations under a floodwater-wind joint effect, including the lift-up building design, horizontal and vertical building setbacks, and urban open space. The obtained floodwater velocity, depth, and wind speed at the pedestrian level are adopted to quantify the level of pedestrian danger by using the instability threshold formula of a human body. A laboratory flume experiment regarding the stability/instability of a dummy that represents a pedestrian in a quasi-natural state is performed to qualitatively validate the numerical simulation results. Compared to the cuboid or triangular pillar that supports the lift-up building structure, the circular pillar yields the minimum resistance against floodwater and increases the wind speed at the pedestrian level, consequently leading to a large danger zone area. Horizontal building setbacks decrease the pedestrian danger, but vertical building setbacks intricately affect it. The existence of open space within the block decreases pedestrian danger to some extent depending on the location and area of open space. The wind plays the dominant role in triggering pedestrian instability for both the lift-up building design and the horizontal setback case. For both the lift-up building design and the open space configuration, the walking and running speeds of pedestrians decrease much more than the conventional urban block. The results of this study could be referred to by administrators and stakeholders in the design and management of urban building arrays to mitigate pedestrian risk in the content of resilient city management.

Lisbon Urban Climate: Statistical Analysis/Approach for Urban Heat Island Effect Based on a Pioneering Urban Meteorological Network

The urban heat island (UHI) effect is a widely recognized phenomenon consisting of heat accumulation by dense urban construction and human activities, resulting in higher temperatures across urban areas compared to their surroundings. This article aims to quantify the UHI effect on several areas throughout the city of Lisbon, Portugal, with the main goal of validating, evaluating, and reinforcing urban climate adaptation and resilience strategies proposed in the recent scientific literature. A set of nine quality-controlled weather stations from the “Lisboa Aberta” network that are compliant with the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) standards and installation requirements were used to characterize Lisbon’s UHI, in comparison to a reference weather station from the Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), located at Lisbon Airport. By applying a principal component analysis (PCA) in an innovative way to 10 urban indexes, it is shown that the thermal inertia in Lisbon’s urban areas is positively correlated with the UHI intensity and urban density, regardless of the daily heating/cooling cycle. Furthermore, the results show that land use also has an impact on the UHI effect, with continuous, vertical building areas showing the greatest deviations in comparison to the reference, averaging +1.8 °C. Contrastingly, horizontal building areas reveal an average deviation of +1.3 °C, with sparse, discontinuously built areas representing an average UHI effect of +0.2 °C. Finally, through a climatope analysis, it is determined that, across Lisbon, high-density urban areas and ventilation corridors are responsible for inducing average UHI effects of +1.7 °C and +0.2 °C, respectively.

Optimization seismic resilience: a machine learning approach for vertical irregular buildings

Optimization seismic resilience: a machine learning approach for vertical irregular buildings

An experimental and numerical effort on the vibration behavior of additively manufactured recycled polyethylene terephthalate glycol components

AbstractThe importance of recycling engineering components and thus obtaining low‐cost production solutions has become prominent in today's world. In this study, the mechanical and dynamic behaviors of three‐dimensional‐printed recycled polyethylene terephthalate glycol (RePET‐G) beams were investigated numerically and experimentally for the first time in the literature. Initially, the governing equations of the beams were determined according to the Bernoulli–Euler beam theory, and these equations were numerically solved using the differential quadrature method and ANSYS program. Subsequently, to validate the accuracy of the numerical models, the obtained natural frequencies were compared with experimental results. It was observed that the numerical results showed good agreement with the experimental results. Finally, the effects of beam length, infill rate, and building direction on the natural frequencies of RePET‐G beams were investigated. The outcomes showed that as the beam length changed, natural frequencies were significantly affected. Increasing the infill rate, especially for beams with vertical building direction, from 20% to 100% led to a slight decrease in the natural frequency values of the structure. Moreover, it was found that for beams with an infill rate of 100%, the natural frequency values obtained in the horizontal building direction were higher than those obtained in the vertical building direction.Highlights Printable recycled filaments have great potential for vibration applications. Sample length affects the first natural frequency value of RePETG parts. Differential quadrature and ANSYS methods can be utilized for the vibration. For the 3D‐printed samples, rising infill rate causes a natural frequency drop.

Long-term power performance evaluation of vertical building integrated photovoltaic system

As the mandatory scope of zero-energy building certification has expanded, the integration of renewable energy systems into building designs and energy operations has significantly increased. The long-term maintenance of these systems is crucial for sustaining zero-energy goals. The primary key to maintaining renewable energy systems is to assess quantitative performance factors, such as degradation and malfunction. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of the long-term power performance of a large-scale vertical building-integrated photovoltaic system, which has been monitored over 9 years (2012–2020). The system, comprising 22 arrays with a total installed capacity of 142.654 kWp, was analyzed to derive quantitative performance indicators that highlight the importance of continuous maintenance. The photovoltaic system's arrays were investigated to separate them into analysis groups, and simulation-based analysis was carried out for the detailed assessments. The findings revealed that 19 of 22 arrays were operating normally, while three experienced malfunctions. In 2020, a 19.12 % performance degradation was observed in normally operating arrays compared to 2012. Post-malfunction, the affected arrays performed at approximately half the efficiency of the normal arrays. Despite theses issues, inverter efficiency remained stable across all arrays. However, a noticeable decline in array efficiency indicated performance degradation due to specific array issues. When compared to simulation-based theoretical performance, in 2020, the malfunctioned arrays exhibited nearly triple the performance degradation of the normally operating arrays. These results underscore the critical role of quantitative performance indicators in maintenance strategies and demonstrate how inadequate maintenance can lead to substantial power generation losses.

Hazard assessment for future tsunami inundation partly sheltered by an installed finite hybrid defense system comprised of an embankment, moat, and coastal forest in Onbetsu, Japan

Considering the limitations of tsunami mitigation functions and disadvantages of a coastal forest, a hybrid defense system (HDS) combining a forest with an embankment and a moat that strengthens existing coastal forests was installed in the Onbetsu district of Hokkaido Prefecture in Japan as a mitigation measure for a future large tsunami. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of installation of an embankment (E), moat (M), and vegetation (V) from seaward in Onbetsu compared with the former mitigation structure of only vegetation (VVV). The EMV structure can provide a large sheltering zone just behind the structure, thus increasing the time for people to evacuate. Because the tsunami arrival time at the coast is around 30 min and the inundated area is around 3 km inland in a Level 2 tsunami, it will be slightly difficult for all the residents to evacuate horizontally to outside the inundation area. This study also proposes not using an east-side route for evacuation because repelling the current by EMV from a small creek can greatly decrease the time for a safe horizontal evacuation. Thus, the safety and availability of vertical evacuation buildings are evaluated considering the tsunami inundation characteristics.

Influence of processing parameters on the fracture behaviour of 316L SS printed by laser powder bed fusion

This study explored the relationship between process parameters and fracture behavior in 316L stainless steel printed by laser powder bed fusion. Fracture testing was conducted according to ASTM E1820 for single edge notch bending, and elastic mechanical properties were determined using ultrasonic surface wave analysis. Five test sets were considered in a vertical building configuration using five different volumetric energies belonging to conduction mode. The critical fracture toughness was calculated and discussed along with the plastic deformations at the crack tip. The study found that local plastic deformation for single edge notch bending was influenced by powder bed fusion process parameters. A correlation was observed between energy density, fracture toughness, and the dimensions of the fracture process zone. The R-curves showed different fracture behaviors depending on the energy density. The energy required to grow a crack was associated with larger plastic zones, resulting in fracture toughness values ranging from 43 (43 J mm−3) to 427 kJ/m2 (68 J mm−3). Results are discussed in terms of porosity and strain hardening capacity depending on the manufacturing conditions.

Analysis of Influencing Factors Vertical Building Purchase Decisions: Case Study At Vida View Apartments Makassar

There are differences in the decision-making process in planning to buy an apartment when compared to the decision-making process for buying a landed house. Purchasing decisions that the company can know well are very useful for the company in determining the right marketing strategy so that it can produce optimal sales levels. This research aims to determine the factors that influence consumer decisions in the apartment purchasing process and how to implement them into sales strategies. The object of this research is Vida View Apartments in the city of Makassar. This research uses quantitative methods. Data collection in this research used a questionnaire with a population of 564 prospectives and previous buyers of Vida View Apartments. Sampling was carried out using a random sampling method with a total sample of 465 prospective and previous buyers. The analytical method used is exploratory quantitative using the SPSS application. From the results of this research, 5 new factors were formed that influence vertical building purchase decisions, namely, investment value and facilities, brand value, promotional strategy, social environment and ease of financing, with the most dominant new factor is investment value and facilities (55.026%). These findings can be used as a reference in formulating sales strategies, pricing strategies and promotional strategies for Vida View management or similar business in their efforts to increase sales.

Solar radiation on naturally ventilated double skin facade in real climates: The impact of solar incidence angle

Although the angular dependence of optical properties has long been recognised in transparent glazing facades, the impact of such dependence on natural ventilation between glazing has not been widely studied, especially in building facades with high solar incident angles. To better cope with such properties with the prevailing implementation of transparent building envelopes, this study investigated the effects of high solar incidence angles for vertical building facades through theoretical and numerical methods. The theoretical model validates the features of the optical properties simulated by the numerical model, supporting the numerical model's capability of revealing the radiation reflection, absorption, and transmission when multi-reflection is present. Then, such angular impact is studied with typical seasonal data in three cities, namely Shanghai, Melbourne and Chicago. Results firstly revealed the discrepancies between considering or ignoring multi-reflection between two glazing facades at varying incidence angles. Due to the opposite variation trend in reflectivity and transmissivity over angles, there is a critical solar incidence angle at 75° when multi-reflection's impact on natural ventilation reaches its highest. After that, the influence is reduced to its minimum. Identifying this angle helped highlight the enhanced natural flow due to realistic angular-dependent reflections between transparent panes, namely, under-estimation occurs if the angular dependence is not considered in the setting of optical properties. The analysis in three cities also revealed the climatic and locational impact of the angular impacts on ventilation rates. By addressing the impact on the optical and thermal performance of transparent facades, the dynamic variation of solar conditions can be more accurately integrated into passive building designs.

Design With, Not For, Local Community: Utilizing e-Participation Tools in the Design of Socially Sustainable Vertical Emirati Public Housing

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is slowly transitioning from traditional single-family public housing to a ‘vertical’ typology to meet the increasing demand on public housing, solve the problem of the scarcity of land in urban areas, and contribute to achieving its local agenda for sustainable development goals. However, the direct involvement of Emirati residents in the design process of the recently developed limited number of vertical public housing projects has been missing. This research aims to involve a sample of Emirati residents, representing the targeted category for vertical public housing, in the pre-occupancy evaluation of the design of Al Ghurfa, the very recently developed vertical public housing project, focusing mainly on assessing the attainment of social sustainability in this design. The research method included four phases, including initiating a conceptual framework from relevant literature reviews, digitalizing the case study design, developing the conventional and e-Participation interview scenarios and scripts, and selecting a sample of Emirati young citizens who participated in the study. The results of the study successfully highlighted the participating residents’ preferences and concerns regarding the design of the investigated pioneering vertical public housing project. The findings revealed the interviewed citizens’ perceptions of the investigated social sustainability principles in the vertical housing design pertaining to mixed-use development within and outside the vertical residential building, social integration among neighbors of the building, vertical and horizontal accessibility inside and outside the building, security measures for the residents of the buildings and their privacy, design measures of the high-quality living environments, the user-responsive design of the housing units, and the importance of their involvement in the design. This helped propose a set of recommended design actions for attaining social sustainability in vertical housing design tailored to the specific needs of Emirati residents. The research has also revealed the successful merger between the conventional and advanced e-Participation tools in involving the residents in assessing the professional design of vertical public housing as a new emerging typology that is expected to prevail in the near future.

Vertical perovskite solar cell envelope for the circular economy: A case study using life cycle cost analysis in Europe

Recent technological developments make perovskite solar cells (PSCs) particularly suitable for building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) applications on vertical building envelopes, but the relatively short lifespan of PSCs requires frequent replacement, thereby generating substantial waste. Careful consideration of circularity credentials of this novel technology is therefore essential prior to the extensive implementation of vertical PSCs in building envelopes. This paper provides a circular economy approach for the implementation of PSCs in vertical envelopes and assesses its economic feasibility by life cycle cost analysis in Europe. The process of recycling PSC is developed. The economic performance of PSC envelopes is provided and compared to that of the conventional rigid BIPV system. Uncertainty analysis and sensitivity analysis of economic indicators are then performed to identify the influential parameters. The findings indicate that the PSC envelope has a significant potential for circular BIPV components and that PSCs applied on vertical envelope are economically viable.

Design & Analysis of Non-Linear Property of Material for Semi-Rigit, Fixed & Flexible Structural Frames

During an earthquake, failure of structure starts off-evolved at factors of weak spot. This weak point arises due to discontinuity in mass, stiffness and geometry of structure. The systems having this discontinuity are termed as irregular systems. Irregular structures contribute a massive portion of city infrastructure. The effect of vertically irregularities within the seismic overall performance of systems will become definitely vital. The main objective of the analysis is to study the behavior of flat slab system in vertical irregular multi-storied building against different forces acting on it during earthquake. Also, the objective of analysis is to study the structural behavior of shear wall – flat slab interaction with opening. The analysis is made between in the three types of G+9 storey building with 0 % vertical irregularity, 200 % vertical irregularity and 300% vertical irregularity. In all these building’s shear wall is provided with & without 20% opening. Total 15 modeled are studied and their results were compared. Key Words: Flat slab, Vertical Geometric Irregularity, Shear wall with opening, Response Spectrum analysis, STAAD Pro2007

Seismic Analysis of Horizontal and Vertical Irregular RC Multi Storey Building With Effect of Opening in Shear Wall

At present days building a structure with all the regular configurations is not feasible in most of the cases due to the irregular plot dimensions, aesthetic visual and functional requirements in the urban cities. The structure with more irregular configuration either horizontally or vertically are more vulnerable to earthquake which leads to collapses of structure, property loss and casualties. The shear walls are commonly used as a vertical element. Shear walls may have one or more openings for functional reasons such as windows, ventilation and other types of openings in shear wall. Frequently the shear wall is provided with openings thus necessary to study effect of irregular building. The present study was carried out the opening in shear wall with different shape of RC multi-Storey building and Study different building model with Combination of Horizontal & Vertical irregularities. The models were created using the ETABS software with Full Shear walls, Shear walls with a 25% opening. The location of the Shear wall was optimal. Prepared models of G+9 story and Analyze the model by Response Spectrum Analysis and Compare the Result with different buildings layout with parameters like storey Displacement, Storey Shear, Storey Drift, Storey Stiffness, Base shear, Torsion, Time Period and Mode Shape

Tsunami Response in Batu Bengkung Beach Tourism, Gajahrejo Village, Malang Regency

Batu Bengkung Beach in Malang Regency has excellent potential as a natural tourist destination. However, the natural condition which is an area prone to tsunami disasters also cannot be ignored. Safety considerations and minimizing casualties are the main reasons this tour aims to make adjustments to aspects of tsunami disaster mitigation. Likewise for the sustainability of tourism in the future. The method carried out is through qualitative and quantitative data research. Direct observation at the location is also needed to determine exactly the existing conditions, as well as interviews with several resource persons as data reinforcement. The result is the application of aspects of tsunami disaster mitigation that are relevant to existing natural conditions. Aspects of tsunami disaster mitigation that can be applied are, first, the determination or determination of evacuation locations and evacuation routes. By utilizing natural conditions surrounded by hills, these conditions can be an ideal evacuation location. The second early warning is in the form of an alarm or siren warning of a tsunami. Aims to notify of the tsunami disaster and is expected to evacuate immediately. The third erected vertical evacuation buildings in the form of tsunami shelters that met FEMA guideline standards. And finally regular disaster mitigation simulation training.

Comparison of Conventional and Precast Half Slab Work Methods (Case Study: Japfa Office Building Daan – Mogot)

In the construction of vertical buildings, the implementation method used affects the productivity of construction. The development of construction system innovation in Indonesia which continues to grow has led to a new system, one of which is the precast system. Precast systems have been proven to be able to increase productivity in terms of construction time and costs, as well as the value of waste costs, which results in little from conventional methods. The main objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of the method of implementing floor slabs in the field by comparing the variables of field implementation, costs, time, quality control, and material waste costs of the conventional and precast half - slab methods. The analysis was carried out using the unit price is based on the Jakarta Worker’s Wage Unit Price 40 year XXVII - 2021 edition. The index coefficient (conventional) refers to the Minister for Public Works and Human Settlements Regulation No. 1 of 2022, and the index coefficient (precast half slab) refers to SNI 7832:2012. Scheduling was performed using Microsoft Projects. The results show that the precast half - slab method is more efficient than the conventional method.

Towards the use of natural thermal insulation on the exterior of vertical building walls in desert regions: A case study in the city of Bechar, Algeria

The use of natural-based exterior thermal insulation systems constitutes a significant challenge for achieving energy efficiency of construction. The purpose of this article is to propose new exterior thermal insulation solutions based on natural materials such as wood wool, cellulose wadding, expanded cork, hemp fiber, and sheep’s wool, in order to minimize energy consumption, address durability concerns, maintain thermal comfort, and promote the use of natural materials in thermal insulation system designs. The methodology followed consists of presenting a comparative numerical study of different exterior insulation techniques (ETI) using a dynamic thermal simulator for desert regions. The study evaluated ETI systems for vertical walls attached to a concrete block wall, including one EPS system with coating (wet process) and six systems with cladding (dry process). The results show that applying exterior insulation to walls using the two cladding systems based on hemp fiber and sheep wool resulted in a total reduction in building energy consumption of 42.21% and 42.81%, respectively. These results confirm the effectiveness of natural materials in improving the energy performance of buildings, particularly the system based on sheep wool.

Sound transmission loss of vertical building partitions designed to meet shear structural requirements

Vertical partitions often include structural building elements designed to meet shear requirements. Shear partitions are designed to resist lateral load due to wind or seismic activity and are required in many regions throughout North America. Nightingale et al. completed a 70-assembly series quantifying the effect of shear OSB on the sound transmission loss (STL) of both wood- and steel-framed single-stud assemblies in the National Research Council Canada (NRCC) research report NRCC-45018. This research study builds on the NRCC research with a test of over 200 wood and steel assembly partitions. This research study includes single-, staggered-, and double-stud framing as well as various forms of shear treatment such as OSB Plywood installed on one or both sides of the partition, attachment with various nail attachment patterns, and steel strapping. The effect of these partition elements on the STL will be presented and discussed. Additionally, the effect of sound isolation treatment, such as additional mass, resilient channels, resilient sound isolation clips, and constrained-layer damping will be presented and discussed.