Diameter Of Vertebral Canal Research Articles

Therapeutic Effects Analysis of Combined Therapy on 40 Lubar Intervertebral Disc Protrusion Patients with Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Objective To observe the changes of combined therapy on disci intervertebrales and their surrounding tissues and thus to determine its therapeutic effects on lubar intervertebral disc protrusion with magnafic resonance imaging. Methods After combined therapy including physical agents, drugs, traction, manipulation and remedial exercises had been adopted to treat 40 iubax intervertebral disc protrusion patients for 30 days, morphologic changes of disci intervertebrales and their surrounding tissues of these patients were observed by magnetic resonance imaging. Results The effective rate of combined therapy on lubar intervertebral disc protrusion was 82.5%, there were no obvious changes of thickness, salient degree of disci intervertebrales, anteroposterior diameter, transverse diameter and latero-cryptae extent of vertebral canal after the treatment. Conclusion Though the combined therapy can not change the morphous of lobar intervertebral disc protrusion, it may efficiently relief the clinical symptoms of patients with lobar intervertebral disc protrusion. Key words: Lubar intervertebral disc protrusion; Combined treatment of traditional Chinese medicine ad western medicine; Magnetic resonance imaging

Lumbar Vertebral Canal Diameters in Adult Ugandan Skeletons

Background: Normal values of lumbar vertebral canal diameters are useful in facilitating diagnosis of lumbar vertebral canal stenosis. Various studies have established variation on values between different populations, gender, age, and ethnic groups. Objectives: To determine the lumbar vertebral canal diameters in adult skeletons according to gender, ethnicity, and vertebral levels at Galloway osteological collection of Makerere university. Methods: A descriptive cross-section study was carried out on 216 complete sets of male and female human lumbar vertebral bones. The midsagittal, transverse diameters of the lumbar vertebral canal and the anteroposterior diameter of the inferior vertebral notch were measured using an electronic digital caliper. Collected data was analyzed using SPSS 12.0 computer program. Results and discussion: In both sexes, the midsagittal diameter of the canal was wider at the cephalic than at the caudal end; reflecting the size of the contents at this level and also an adaptation to ensure protection of these contents during complex movements of this transition region . A steady widening of the transverse diameter of the canal from L1 to L5 was also observed in both genders. The anteroposterior diameter of inferior vertebral notch was subject to gender and ethnic variation. Conclusion: The narrowest midsagittal diameter is found at L3 in both genders, the widest transverse diameter on the other hand was at L5. Various diameters of the lumbar vertebral canal varied according to gender and ethnicity. Tanzania Medical Journal Vol. 23 (2) 2008: pp. 28-30

Minimum information about animal experiments: supplier is also important

It has now been established that functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) depends on several parameters, including animal strain. Here we demonstrate that rats from the same strain (Wistar) but from two independent commercial suppliers present different motor, sensory, and autonomic outcomes after a standard model of SCI, the so-called compression model. Recovery is correlated with the extension of the lesion, and we show that the vertebral canal diameter varies between the two suppliers. To substantiate this point, we carried out another set of experiments, with the so-called contusion model, which requires bone ablation and thus whose extension is not related to vertebral canal diameter. We show that there is no difference between the two suppliers. The purpose of our communication is to alert researchers on how crucial it is to control experimental parameters as closely as possible and to establish a standard for animal experiment in order to avoid unexpected biases.

The strategy of posterior decompression and re-establishing the insertion of extensor for ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament involved in C(2)

To investigate an approach of posterior cervical spinal canal decompression and re-establishing the insertion of extensor, aim at the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) involved in C(2). From 2002 to 2006, 10 patients with OPLL involved in C(2) underwent open-door laminoplasty, with the posterior cervical ligamentous complex and the insertion of extensor reconstructed on C(2), were reviewed retrospectively. The range of decompression was from C(2) to C(7). The sagittal diameter of C(2) vertebral canal, alignment of the cervical spine (C(2)-C(7) angle), and JOA score before and after operation were contrasted respectively. All patients were followed up, average 14 months. Before the operation, the average sagittal diameter of C(2) vertebral canal was 5.6 mm (4 - 8.8 mm), JOA score was 9.6 scores (6 - 12 scores), C(2)-C(7) angle was 6.5 degrees (-2 degrees - 12 degrees ). After the operation, the average sagittal diameter of C(2) vertebral canal was 13.4 mm (10 - 18.2 mm, P < 0.01), JOA score was 10.9 scores (8 - 14 scores) and the C(2)-C(7) angle was 7.4 degrees (3 degrees - 14 degrees ) in earlier. Finally, the JOA score was 13.2 scores (10 - 17 scores, P < 0.05), and the C(2)-C(7) angle was 7.0 degrees (2 degrees - 15 degrees , P > 0.05) at last. The open-door laminoplasty, with an approach of the posterior cervical ligamentous complex and the insertion of extensor reconstructed, is an appropriate method for treating OPLL involved in C(2). This process keeps the cervical curve in a better way, and decompresses the spinal canal effectively.

Mensuration of cervical vertebral ratios in Doberman pinschers and Great Danes.

Canine cervical vertebral instability is a complex syndrome involving cervical spinal cord compressive lesions. Doberman pinschers and Great Danes are the most commonly affected breeds. Measurements of vertebral canal diameter (VCD), vertebral body height (H), and vertebral body length (L) were made from C3-C7 in 24 Doberman pinschers and 8 Great Danes by using digital and analog techniques. Significant differences between affected and unaffected sites were noted for Doberman pinschers at C6 (P = 0.039) and C7 (P = 0.027) using analog measurements of VCD/H, and Great Danes at C6 using analog (P = 0.041) and digital (P = 0.004) measurements of VCD/L. Cervical vertebral ratios have potential as a breed-specific screening tool for cervical vertebral instability and warrant longitudinal studies.

Assessment of vertebral canal diameter and bony malformations of the cervical part of the spine in horses with cervical stenotic myelopathy

Summary Magnification of cervical radiographs prevents accurate interpretation of vertebral canal absolute minimum sagittal diameter (msd) values and application of the established msd values for diagnosis of cervical stenotic myelopathy (csm). Variability in msd determination in human beings, owing to radiographic magnification, is minimized by assessing a ratio of the vertebral canal diameter to the sagittal width of the vertebral body. This relative measurement technique improves the accuracy of diagnosis of cervical spinal stenosis in human beings. The msd of the vertebral canal was determined in 50 horses with csm and 50 control horses, using a radiopaque marker method for correction of magnification. In addition, a ratio of the absolute msd to the sagittal width of the vertebral body and a ratio of the absolute msd to the length of the vertebral body were determined in 100 csm-affected and 100 control horses. Response operating characteristic curve analysis of each method determined that the sagittal ratio method of canal diameter assessment provided the most accurate interpretation of cervical radiographs for diagnosis of csm, with sensitivity and specificity of ≥ 89% at each vertebral site. The accuracy of the ratio method, without consideration of bony malformation, supports the importance, and perhaps prerequisite, of generalized vertebral canal stenosis in the pathogenesis of csm. Subjective evaluation of bony malformations from cervical radiographs of 100 csm-affected horses and 100 control horses indicated that csm-affected horses have more severe bony malformation than do control horses. However, moderate to marked degenerative joint disease of the articular processes was frequently observed in control horses. Subjective evaluation of bony malformation does not distinguish between csm-affected and unaffected horses.

Poor growth prior to early childhood: decreased health and life-span in the adult.

Previous studies in animal populations have shown that stunted neural and thymolymphatic growth early in development may result in permanently impaired neural and immune function, decreased body growth, vertebral wedging, and decreased life-span. In the human adult, small vertebral neural canal (VNC) diameters may reflect early stunted neural and immune development and impaired function that leads to decreased health (inferred by greater vertebral wedging) and life-span in the adult. VNC, which complete their growth by early childhood (age 4), are markers of early development in adults. On the other hand, features following general body growth, such as height, weight (represented here by vertebral body height) continues to grow until young adulthood. They are less reliable, because they readily experience catch-up growth (even in chronically stressed populations) and, unlike VNC, may mask poor early growth. To test associations between early growth and adult health and life-span in humans, we measured 2,060 VNC, vertebral heights, vertebral wedging, nerve-root tunnel lengths, severity of vertebral osteophytosis, and ages at death in 90 adult (aged 15-55 years) prehistoric skeletons (950-1300 A.D.). Tibial lengths were also measured in a subsample (n = 30). Multivariate, bivariate, and nonparametric analyses showed that small VNC are significantly associated with greater vertebral wedging and decreased life-span (P less than 0.05-0.00001). VNC are independent of vertebral body heights and tibial lengths (general body growth). VNC, but not statural components, are useful in predicting adult health, presumably because they reflect neural and immune development and do not readily experience catch-up growth. Thus, longitudinal retrospective measures of early growth and adult health were systematically linked within individuals regardless of confounding factors operating over the 350-year time period. Since this research was completed, this model has repeatedly been independently confirmed in four living urban industrial populations. Longitudinal retrospective analysis was employed together with direct measures of VNC, neural and immune function. Together these results suggested that it may be essential to improve growth prior to early childhood in order to maximize adult health and life-span.