Versions Of Video Research Articles

Cover it up! Visual euphemisation strategies for transforming non-religious songs into Islamic songs in music videos

In Indonesia, covering songs with an Islamic theme has become a trend that is gaining more and more popularity. Several content creators have recently covered non-religious songs by changing the lyrics to ones loaded with Islamic teachings. As the cover songs are uploaded on YouTube, inevitably, there are versions of cover music videos in which some elements of the original music videos are euphemized to fulfill the purpose of religious wisdom. This study not only attempts to examine the visual elements euphemized in the cover music videos but also the visual euphemization strategies employed by the content creators. The data were gathered from YouTube in the form of twelve original music videos and their covers. Furthermore, a localization approach, the theory of euphemism, and para-adaptation were employed to analyze the data. The results of the study revealed that four visual elements were euphemized in these cover songs: the properties, costumes, locations, and interactions among the singers or models. Delving deeper into this, the researchers proposed four visual euphemization strategies, including peripheralization (euphemization of the properties), vestimentarization (euphemization of the costumes), locationalization (euphemization of the locations), and interactionalization (euphemization of the interactions). These findings interestingly highlight that there is a common visual euphemization strategy used by content creators when covering music videos of non-religious songs into Islamic songs. Thus, the findings suggest that content creators may apply the four proposed strategies to create acceptable cover music videos to spread Islamic teachings.

Computer-Based Listening Test with Full Video, Visual-Limited Video, and Audio: A Comparative Analysis Based on Difficulty, Discrimination Power, and Response Time

ABSTRACT This study aimed to compare item characteristics and response time between stimulus conditions in computer-delivered listening tests. Listening materials had three variants: regular videos, frame-by-frame videos, and only audios without visuals. Participants were 228 Japanese high school students who were requested to complete one of nine listening test forms. Results showed that item difficulty did not significantly differ between conditions, but item discrimination was much weaker in regular video versions than in the other two conditions. Response time was not different in the three conditions in any quantile. This suggests that listening items full of visual information have different aspects of the general (traditional) listening construct, despite the possibility of construct-irrelevant factors being affected.

Development and validation of GLVS (Generic Laparoscopic Video Scoring System), a tool for assessment of laparoscopic skills in gynaecology using videotaped procedures: Are edited videos representative of their full-length version?

Anonymized videotaped endoscopic procedures can be used for the assessment of surgical competence, but a reliable non-procedure-specific scoring system is needed for gynaecology. To design and evaluate the validity of the Generic Laparoscopic Video Scoring System (GLVS), a novel tool in the assessment of various gynaecological laparoscopic procedures. Seventeen anonymized unedited video recordings of various gynaecological laparoscopic procedures and the 4-minute-long edited versions of the same videos were independently scored by two experts, twice, using GLVS. Internal consistency reliability, test-retest, and inter-rater reliability of GLVS. We also compared the scored achieved by edited videos with those of the full-length version of the same videos. The mean score achieved by 4-minute-long edited videos was similar to that of the unedited version (p= 0.13 - 0.19). There was excellent correlation between the pooled scores for edited and unedited versions (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.86). GLVS had excellent internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.92-0.97). Test-retest and inter-rater reliability were generally better for edited 4-minute-long videos compared to their full-length version. Test-retest reliability for edited videos was excellent for scorer 1 and good for scorer 2 with intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.88 and 0.62 respectively. Inter-rater reliability was good for edited videos (ICC=0.64) but poor for full-length versions (ICC= -0.24). GLVS allows for objective surgical skills assessment using anonymized shortened self-edited videos of basic gynaecological laparoscopic procedures. Shortened video clips of procedures seem to be representative of their full-length version for the assessment of surgical skills. We devised and undertook a validation study for a novel tool to assess surgical skills using surgical video clips. We believe this addition clearly delineates the unique contributions of our study.

Development and validation of GLVS (Generic Laparoscopic Video Scoring System), a tool for assessment of laparoscopic skills in gynaecology using videotaped procedures: Are edited videos representative of their full-length version?

Background: Anonymized videotaped endoscopic procedures can be used for the assessment of surgical competence, but a reliable non-procedure-specific scoring system is needed for gynaecology. Objectives: To design and evaluate the validity of the Generic Laparoscopic Video Scoring System (GLVS), a novel tool in the assessment of various gynaecological laparoscopic procedures. Materials and methods: Seventeen anonymized unedited video recordings of various gynaecological laparoscopic procedures and the 4-minute-long edited versions of the same videos were independently scored by two experts, twice, using GLVS. Main outcome measures: Internal consistency reliability, test-retest, and inter-rater reliability of GLVS. We also compared the scored achieved by edited videos with those of the full-length version of the same videos. Results: The mean score achieved by 4-minute-long edited videos was similar to that of the unedited version (p= 0.13 - 0.19). There was excellent correlation between the pooled scores for edited and unedited versions (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.86). GLVS had excellent internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s alpha 0.92-0.97). Test-retest and inter-rater reliability were generally better for edited 4-minute-long videos compared to their full-length version. Test-retest reliability for edited videos was excellent for scorer 1 and good for scorer 2 with intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.88 and 0.62 respectively. Inter-rater reliability was good for edited videos (ICC=0.64) but poor for full-length versions (ICC= -0.24). Conclusion: GLVS allows for objective surgical skills assessment using anonymized shortened self-edited videos of basic gynaecological laparoscopic procedures. Shortened video clips of procedures seem to be representative of their full-length version for the assessment of surgical skills. What’s new? We devised and undertook a validation study for a novel tool to assess surgical skills using surgical video clips. We believe this addition clearly delineates the unique contributions of our study.

Exploring a Novel Mexican Sign Language Lexicon Video Dataset

This research explores a novel Mexican Sign Language (MSL) lexicon video dataset containing the dynamic gestures most frequently used in MSL. Each gesture consists of a set of different versions of videos under uncontrolled conditions. The MX-ITESO-100 dataset is composed of a lexicon of 100 gestures and 5000 videos from three participants with different grammatical elements. Additionally, the dataset is evaluated in a two-step neural network model as having an accuracy greater than 99% and thus serves as a benchmark for future training of machine learning models in computer vision systems. Finally, this research provides an inclusive environment within society and organizations, in particular for people with hearing impairments.

Assessing Message Deployment During Public Health Emergencies Through Social Media: Empirical Test of Optimizing Content for Effective Dissemination.

During an infodemic, timely, reliable, and accessible information is crucial to combat the proliferation of health misinformation. While message testing can provide vital information to make data-informed decisions, traditional methods tend to be time- and resource-intensive. Recognizing this need, we developed the rapid message testing at scale (RMTS) approach to allow communicators to repurpose existing social media advertising tools and understand the full spectrum of audience engagement. We had two main objectives: (1) to demonstrate the use of the RMTS approach for message testing, especially when resources and time are limited, and (2) to propose and test the efficacy of an outcome variable that measures engagement along a continuum of viewing experience. We developed 12 versions of a single video created for a vaccine confidence project in India. We manipulated video length, aspect ratio, and use of subtitles. The videos were tested across 4 demographic groups (women or men, younger or older). We assessed user engagement along a continuum of viewing experience: obtaining attention, sustaining attention, conveying the message, and inspiring action. These were measured by the percentage of video watched and clicks on the call-to-action link. The video advertisements were placed on Facebook for over 4 consecutive days at the cost of US $450 and garnered a total of 3.34 million impressions. Overall, we found that the best-performing video was the shorter version in portrait aspect ratio and without subtitles. There was a significant but small association between the length of the video and users' level of engagement at key points along the continuum of viewing experience (N=1,032,888; χ24=48,261.97; P<.001; V=.22). We found that for the longer video, those with subtitles held viewers longer after 25% video watch time than those without subtitles (n=15,597; χ21=7.33; P=.007; V=.02). While we found some significant associations between the aspect ratio, the use of subtitles, and the number of users watching the video and clicking on the call-to-action link, the effect size for those were extremely small. This test served as a proof of concept for the RMTS approach. We obtained rapid feedback on formal message attributes from a very large sample. The results of this test reinforce the need for platform-specific tailoring of communications. While our data showed a general preference for a short video in portrait orientation and without subtitles among our target audiences on Facebook, that may not necessarily be the case in other social media platforms such as YouTube or TikTok, where users go primarily to watch videos. RMTS testing highlights nuances that communication professionals can address instead of being limited to a "one size fits all" approach.

Comparative Effectiveness of Delivery Methods of the Complete Health Improvement Program (CHIP)

The Complete Health Improvement Program (CHIP) is effective in improving cardiovascular disease risk via the original live recorded DVD (DIS) and a revised studio recorded video versions (VIS), both presented in-person synchronously. The studio version was also presented in-person asynchronously (VIA) and virtually asynchronously (VVA). Assess the comparative effectiveness of four delivery methods of CHIP. Participants had biomarkers measured at baseline and after the 11th session: blood pressure (SBP, DBP), body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and lipid panel (TC, TG, LDL-c, HDL-c). ANCOVA was utilized to evaluate the interaction over time by group. Of 792 participants, the majority female in all groups (71.2-80.7%), mean age ranged 47.0–55.8 years. All methods showed significant changes in all biomarkers measured over time except for TG and SBP in VIA, TG in VVA and DBP in VIS. The time by delivery method interaction was significant for HDL-c (F value = 6.33, P = .0003), BMI (F value = 4.04, P = .007), systolic BP (F value = 4.33, P = .004). DIS was most effective in reducing HDL-c, BMI and systolic BP. While all four methods yielded significant changes in biomarkers, the in-person, synchronous delivery method produced the largest improvements.

To transcode or not? A machine learning based edge video caching and transcoding strategy

The variable network conditions of end-users demand different resolutions, formats, and bitrate versions of videos to be delivered over the network. Fetching each video from the Content Delivery Network (CDN) burdens all network layers. A promising solution is to leverage Mobile Edge Computing (MEC). This paper presents a Machine Learning based caching and transcoding model, which helps release the burden on the backhaul links of the network. The purposed scheme contains a task scheduler and time estimator. The time estimator predicts the job’s transcoding time based on the Virtual Machines (VMs) load. The task scheduler maps the transcoding task to different VMs regarding the cost feasibility, Quality of Service (QoS) of the users, and the cost-to-performance ratio of VMs. For this purpose, we prepare a dataset of 500 videos and transcode each video in every lower representation using Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2). The time estimator is trained on 77% of the video dataset containing more than 80,000 transcoding time data of different videos. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms its counterparts in terms of cost, average delay perceived by the user, and backhaul burden.

Immersive Multi-Screen Journalistic Narratives

To build representations and meanings, telejournalism in the context of transmediation has relied on the interrelation of different languages, adapting itself according to the emergence of resources and interfaces. In this context, one can cite the exploration of 360-degree audiovisual narratives, an emerging image modality used by the press as a mechanism to bring spectators closer to events. In Brazil, 360-degree journalistic productions made by communication companies, in general, go beyond the television space and are also explored in virtual social networks and websites to instigate the participation of the enunciatee through access to interactivity resources. The present investigation focuses on this articulation process between TV and the Internet, intending to point out reflections on the language of 360-degree audiovisual content in journalism, proposing to analyze discursive strategies and technical specificities of productions disseminated through television support and the online environment. To this end, the series of 360-degree reports “O Vírus na Favela” was examined, launched in 2020 by the program Balanço Geral RJ (Record TV Rio - Brazil) and which sought to portray challenges faced by residents of communities in Rio de Janeiro during the COVID-19 pandemic. This exploratory study is guided by a methodological path formed by a bibliographic survey, based on discussions such as telejournalism, interactivity and 360-degree narratives, and on the analysis of the corpus based on three principles of French semiotics presented by Barros (2005, 85): “narrative syntax,” “discursive syntax” and “discursive semantics.” In addition, the semiotic analysis method for 360-degree films developed by Moreira (2020) was applied. In conclusion, it can be recognized that the analyzed series evidences the enunciators' search to follow the contemporary trend of telling stories in more than one media support, as well as creating interactivity with the viewer. Also, it was observed that TV productions have a hybrid proposal based on several languages, such as graphic elements, conventional videos and 360-degree videos. On the other hand, web content, in part, is configured as interactive versions of 360-degree videos shown on TV. Such evidence may signify that television content producers see this image as an accessory innovation in the composition of traditional reports.

An examination of collegiate musicians’ ability to discern conductor intent

The purpose of this two-experiment study was to examine collegiate musicians’ ability to discern conductor intent. In Experiment 1, participants ( N = 44) viewed two videos of Sir Simon Rattle conducting an ensemble performing an excerpt of the Finale to Gustav Mahler’s Symphony No. 2. One video featured the original performance, whereas the other video was synchronized with a different audio recording from a video of a performance led by Leonard Bernstein. When asked whether any of the two videos were mismatched, results indicated that the proportion of correct responses among our participants differed significantly from chance. In Experiment 2, participants ( N = 127) watched two sets of videos, either matched (unaltered) or mismatched versions of videos featuring Sir Simon Rattle and Leonard Bernstein, and were asked to rate how well the musical intent of the conductor matched the performance of the ensemble they viewed. Although we found a nonsignificant overall result ( p = .053) when comparing the matched and mismatched videos, we found a significant difference in participants’ ratings between the matched and mismatched Rattle videos, but not for those featuring Bernstein. Our findings suggest that a conductor’s visual contribution to the performance can enhance or detract from the observers’ musical experience.

An investigation of visual comprehension in memory for 360-degree video advertisements amongst adolescents

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate visual comprehension in memory for 360-degree video advertisements amongst adolescents under single and repeated viewing conditions.Design/methodology/approachThis study explored visual comprehension in memory for 360-degree video advertisements using the theoretical assumptions of the social psychology theory of social information processing by Wyer (2003). The authors conducted two experiments over a timeline of three months. In the first experiment, participants watched the 360-degree video advertisement once, and after one week, the same set of participants watched the same advertisement again. The theoretical assumptions in the comprehension unit were used to design the experiments and to explore visual comprehension in memory for 360-degree video advertisements. The data were collected using surveys and interviews through an experimental research design approach. NVivo software was used to analyse the data.FindingsThis study found that while female participants were able to comprehend colours in the visuals better, male participants were better able to comprehend facial expressions presented in the visuals. Further, both female and male participants were able to comprehend locations within the advertisement visuals. It was found that participants understood the plot or the story of the advertisement better after the second viewing than after the first viewing.Practical implicationsThe two main contributions from this study are as follows: from a theoretical perspective, the application of a social psychology theory for the advertising sector enables us to gather more insights about the social cognition stages of a human mindset such as information retrieval, judgement, decision making, goal stimulation and short- and long-term memory. In doing so, this study not only explored adolescents' visual comprehension memory of 360-degree video advertisements, but it also contributed to the theory of social information processing by Wyer (2003) by exploring consumer visual comprehension memory. From a practical perspective, the findings of this study provide a solid foundation for future advertising firms or agencies, marketers, and salespeople on how to design effective advertisements using 360-degree video versions in a way that appeals to consumer visual memory.Originality/valueThis paper can be considered as amongst the first studies which combine social psychology with advertising to investigate visual comprehension memory for 360-degree video advertisements amongst adolescents.

Joint Transcoding- and Recommending-Based Video Caching at Network Edges

Edge caching can significantly improve the quality of wireless video services by deploying cache servers at network edges. Recently, video conversion and recommendation have been introduced to improve the caching performance at the edges. Specifically, they work to produce lower quality versions of videos via video converting (for the former) or provide alternative similar videos when requested videos are not available by using video recommendation (for the latter). However, existing work in this aspect has utilized these two techniques separately, which largely limit their capabilities in providing improved video services. In this article, we study how to jointly utilize these two techniques in edge caching for improved caching performance. The objective is to maximally reduce the video delivery delay while satisfying users’ requirements. We first formulate the optimal video caching problem in this case and derive its NP-hardness. We, then, propose an effective transcoding- and recommending-based caching algorithm (TRBA). The TRBA works in a greedy manner to iteratively buffer the most valuable video versions, one video version each time, until no more video version or cache space is available. We define the value of a video version as the reduced delivery delay if this version were buffered divided by the extra cache space required for its buffering. The computational complexity of TRBA is deduced as <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(|V|^3|Q|^3)$</tex-math></inline-formula> , where <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$|V|$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$|Q|$</tex-math></inline-formula> represent the total number of videos and the number of versions per video, respectively. Numerical results demonstrate that, compared with existing caching algorithms, TRBA can significantly improve the caching performance.

Destigmatising mental health treatment and increasing openness to seeking treatment: randomised controlled trial of brief video interventions.

Despite an elevated risk of psychopathology stemming from COVID-19-related stress, many essential workers stigmatise and avoid psychiatric care. This randomised controlled trial was designed to compare five versions of a social-contact-based brief video intervention for essential workers, differing by protagonist gender and race/ethnicity. We examined intervention efficacy on treatment-related stigma ('stigma') and openness to seeking treatment ('openness'), especially among workers who had not received prior mental healthcare. We assessed effectiveness and whether viewer/protagonist demographic concordance heightened effectiveness. Essential workers (N = 2734) randomly viewed a control video or brief video of an actor portraying an essential worker describing hardships, COVID-related anxiety and depression, and psychotherapy benefits. Five video versions (Black/Latinx/White and male/female) followed an identical 3 min script. Half the intervention group participants rewatched their video 14 days later. Stigma and openness were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and at 14- and 30-day follow-ups. Trial registration: NCT04964570. All video intervention groups reported immediately decreased stigma (P < 0.0001; Cohen's d = 0.10) and increased openness (P < 0.0001; d = 0.23). The initial increase in openness was largely maintained in the repeated-video group at day 14 (P < 0.0001; d = 0.18), particularly among viewers without history of psychiatric treatment (P < 0.0001; d = 0.32). Increases were not sustained at follow-up. Female participants viewing a female protagonist and Black participants viewing a Black protagonist demonstrated greater openness than other demographic pairings. Brief video-based interventions improved immediate stigma and openness. Greater effects among female and Black individuals viewing demographically matched protagonists emphasise the value of tailored interventions, especially for socially oppressed groups. This easily disseminated intervention may proactively increase care-seeking, encouraging treatment among workers in need. Future studies should examine intervention mechanisms and whether linking referrals to psychiatric services generates treatment-seeking.

Harnessing active engagement in educational videos: Enhanced visuals and embedded questions

The prevalence of online instruction highlights the importance of videos in education. Pedagogies that include elements that actively engage students are accepted as an improvement over more passive modes of instruction. How can we transfer the advantages of active engagement to instruction via video? Previous research on instructional videos has shown that there are a number of principles, the adherence to which benefit student learning by maximizing productive cognitive processing. To understand the impact of combining such principles we designed and produced four different versions of the same physics demonstration video, varying levels of “visual enhancement” designed around these principles and the amount of active engagement across the different versions. Using pre-post video testing, we compared how much viewers learned across the four different versions. We found that actively engaging students by embedding questions throughout the video increases student learning. We also found that physics videos are most effective when they include enhanced visuals and embedded questions. Notably, it is the combination that matters most; the learning effect from embedding questions is increased when the video also includes enhanced visuals. This study represents an important step towards understanding how instructors can design and refine their videos to maximize student learning.3 MoreReceived 25 March 2021Revised 19 November 2021Accepted 5 April 2022DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.18.010148Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.Published by the American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasInstructional strategiesPhysics Education Research

Immersive Telejournalistic Narratives in the Covid-19 Pandemic

To build representations and meanings, telejournalism in the context of transmediation has relied on the interrelation of different languages, adapting itself according to the emergence of resources and interfaces. In this context, one can cite the exploration of 360-degree audiovisual narratives, an emerging image modality used by the press as a mechanism to bring spectators closer to events. In Brazil, 360-degree journalistic productions made by communication companies, in general, go beyond the space of television and move towards online supports, in order to instigate the participation of the enunciatee through access to interactivity resources. The present investigation focuses on this process of articulation between TV and the Internet, with the aim of pointing out reflections on the language of 360-degree audiovisual content in journalism, proposing to analyze discursive strategies and technical specificities of productions disseminated through the television support and the online environment. To this end, the series of 360-degree reports “O Vírus na Favela” was examined, launched in 2020 by the program Balanço Geral RJ (Record TV Rio - Brazil) and which sought to portray challenges faced by residents of communities in Rio de Janeiro during the Covid-19 pandemic. This exploratory study is guided by a methodological path formed by a bibliographic survey, based on discussions such as telejournalism, interactivity and 360-degree narratives, and on the analysis of the corpus-based on three principles of French semiotics presented by Barros (2005): narrative syntax, discursive syntax and discursive semantics. In addition, the semiotic analysis method for 360-degree films developed by Moreira (2020) was applied. In conclusion, it can be recognized that the analyzed series evidences the enunciators' search to follow the contemporary trend of telling stories in more than one media support, as well as creating interactivity with the viewer. Also, it was observed that TV productions have a hybrid proposal and are based on several languages, such as graphic elements, conventional videos and 360-degree videos. On the other hand, Web content, in part, is configured as interactive versions of 360-degree videos shown on TV. Such evidence may characterize that television content producers see this type of image as an accessory innovation in the composition of traditional reports.

Energy-Saving SSD Cache Management for Video Servers with Heterogeneous HDDs

Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) technique, the most popular streaming method, requires a large number of hard disk drives (HDDs) to store multiple bitrate versions of many videos, consuming significant energy. A solid-state drive (SSD) can be used to cache popular videos, thus reducing HDD energy consumption by allowing I/O requests to be handled by an SSD, but this requires effective HDD power management due to limited SSD bandwidth. We propose a new SSD cache management scheme to minimize the energy consumption of a video storage system with heterogeneous HDDs. We first present a technique that caches files with the aim of saving more HDD energy as a result of I/O processing on an SSD. Based on this, we propose a new HDD power management algorithm with the goal of increasing the number of HDDs operated in low-power mode while reflecting the heterogeneous HDD power characteristics. For this purpose, it assigns a separate parameter value to each I/O task based on the ratio of HDD energy to bandwidth and greedily selects the I/O tasks handled by the SSD within limits on its bandwidth. Simulation results show that our scheme consumes between 12% and 25% less power than alternative schemes under the same HDD configuration.

Back to Fukushima: Perceptions and effects of an immersive journalism story

News media organizations have been experimenting with immersive journalism formats in recent years. The search for new ways to tell stories is driven by technology and has given rise to new –and not so new– forms of expression. The initial enthusiasm has dissipated over the years, so the uncertainty of the future of immersive journalism justifies the study of the most potential ways of using this technology in journalism. This research was carried out in Finland and Spain, and it is based on a textual narrative analysis and a reception study comparing the online article and 360º video versions of the report Fukushima: Contaminated Lives from El país. The results identify the affordances of both formats and confirm that immersive journalism has the capacity to generate a greater emotional effect based on a greater perception of presence, realism and involvement, also having a positive impact on increasing interest and changing opinions on related topics. The narration of online article seems to work better only if there is large amount of information that has to be understood and contextualized. However, authors claim that, instead of an essential break, there are similarities between both formats, which are situated on the same continuum of emotionality and rationality. These findings also indicate that immersive storytelling can be an important part of the emotional or affective turn in contemporary journalism. The sensation of presence and empathy towards distant and complex realities emerge as the main distinguishing values of the kind of immersive journalism that Fukushima: Contaminated lives represents.

Information behaviour videos on YouTube: an exploratory content analysis, case study of INFIDEOS, and call to action

How do landmark concepts of information behaviour appear as videos on YouTube? What do these multimedia artefacts, altogether, suggest about the information behaviour specialty? What might ideal versions of such videos be like? To create an empirical starting point for answering these timely questions, an exploratory content analysis was performed on a sample of 20 educational videos found on YouTube, focusing upon three big ideas of information behaviour: the Information Search Process (Kuhlthau, 1991), Sense-Making (Dervin, 1983) and Berrypicking (Bates, 1989). A coding frame was created with 23 categories and associated subcategories. SurveyMonkey was used to capture, tabulate and present the data. Due to space limitations, not all categories are included in the findings, which are reported as themes with commentary. YouTube’s information behaviour offerings are: cluttered by look-alike videos; uneven in coverage; dominated by librarians and students; and short on scholarly authority. Though singular, featured concepts can be treated thoroughly, most videos have a narrow focus; no scholarly apparatus; and disregard information behaviour’s legacy and culture. Following the content analysis, the author’s YouTube channel of Information Science videos, INFIDEOS, is profiled with attention to its information behaviour resources. Throughout, general video-making strategies are provided.

Joint User Grouping, Version Selection, and Bandwidth Allocation for Live Video Multicasting

Adaptive video multicasting has been widely studied due to its effectiveness in transmitting live videos over wireless networks. The key challenges in live video multicasting include how to properly form multicast groups, select video versions and allocate wireless resources, in order to guarantee the quality of experience (QoE) while ensuring low latency delivery. Few prior works have jointly considered the above three problems, which are actually coupled. In this paper, to address these challenges, a novel multicast framework that leverages the advantages of network-assisted dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) and cloud radio access networks (CRANs) is proposed, where a multicast assistant server is deployed at the edge of a mobile network. Under this architecture, a joint user grouping, version selection, and bandwidth allocation method is designed to optimize the sum of user utilities. In particular, a two-step scheme is proposed to solve this complex problem. The number of multicast groups is first automatically determined and a user clustering method is presented. Then, group-level version selection and spectrum assignment algorithms are performed at different time scales. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed scheme has at least a 7% improvement of QoE over the best performance of all baseline methods.

Enterpolasyon Tabanlı Akıllı Video Stabilizasyonu

Video stabilization is the process of eliminating unwanted camera movements and shaking in a recorded video. Recently, learning-based video stabilization methods have become very popular. Supervised learning-based approaches need labeled data. For the video stabilization problem, recording both stable and unstable versions of the same video is quite troublesome and requires special hardware. In order to overcome this situation, learning-based interpolation methods that do not need such data have been proposed. In this paper, we review recent learning-based interpolation methods for video stabilization and discuss the shortcomings and potential improvements of them.