Version Of Story Research Articles

Educational interventions improving knowledge about epilepsy in preschool children

ObjectiveSufficient public knowledge about epilepsy is a starting point for reducing epilepsy-related stigma and improving quality of life of people with this condition. Thus, interventions aimed at improving such knowledge are greatly needed. However, there is a significant lack of such interventions and none have been applied to preschool children. We aimed to develop effective interventions using the educational board game Action Zone! and a technique known as educational story, and by focusing on the acquisition of knowledge about epilepsy in children aged 5–6 years with no previous knowledge of epilepsy. MethodsKnowledge about epilepsy was measured using a 20-item test consisting of questions selected from educational game and an 11-item test used successfully in our previous intervention study focused on children aged 9–11 years. Both measures exhibited acceptable internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.72 and 0.67. In total, 296 children participated in three intervention studies (educational game, educational story, and a revised version of educational story). Level of knowledge was assessed immediately after each intervention and again one month later. ResultsWe found that all interventions were effective (p = 0.001) in comparison of retest results with baseline of zero level of knowledge based on the statements of children before intervention. Intervention based on educational game resulted in a higher percentage of correct responses in comparison with educational story (p = 0.020). However, the revised version of educational story developed using participatory action research was superior in comparison with the original version (p < 0.001) and fully comparable with educational game (p = 0.864). ConclusionsThe results showed the aforesaid interventions were significant and effective ways to establish basic knowledge about epilepsy in the given age group.

Bemerkungen zum ‚argentinischen‘ Borges

Abstract This essay focusses on two short stories pertaining to that part of the Borgesian œuvre, which has attracted less scholarly attention than his world-famous fantastic stories (La biblioteca de Babel, El inmortal, El Aleph). The ‘Argentinian’ stories – such as El muerto, or Tema del traidor y del héroe – impress readers with their laconic diction and cynicism. Ultimately, however, they may seem to be limited to a sort of nineteenth-century mimeticism. Considering these texts in detail, it turns out that the elements conveyed by the narrator insinuate different versions of the respective story—all of which are compatible with the ‘real’ events they refer to. Consequently, the author’s mimetic tales share a conceptual framework with his fantastic yarns – precisely one that is committed to the basic assumptions of skepticism. In what follows, the essay relates Borges’ twentieth-century version of this noetic edifice to its Ancient foundations, as well as to the first ‘wave’ of Skepticism in European Modernity (Descartes; Calderón). The last section addresses the aesthetic dimension of the Borgesian short stories: how does philosophy (and epistemology especially) relate to literary fiction – that is, to a textual genre, whose primary function appears to be entertainment, based on fantasizing? Resuming the discussion of Borges’ philosophical position, the essay concludes by quoting some remarks by David Hume, which seem to give expression to an attitude towards skepticism that is shared by the Argentinian author.

Behavioral Genetics, Population Genetics, and Genetic Essentialism

The paper presents an experimental study that examines the conditions required for news about behavioral genetics to activate genetic essentialism beliefs. Nine hundred sixty-five adults living in the USA were randomly assigned to read either a control news article or one of the three versions of a news story about behavioral genetics. The cautious version presents a general introduction to behavioral genetics and examples while also discrediting the genetic determinist myth and clarifying that this field is not interested in studying differences between populations. Another version was identical to the cautious version, except that it mentioned high heritability estimates as supporting evidence. Finally, a third version included claims supporting Nicolas Wade’s (2014) main thesis, which argued that societies develop different institutions partly because of their population’s behavioral genetic predispositions. Compared to participants in the control group, those exposed to the high heritability version and the Wade’s thesis version reported higher scores on a scale measuring belief in genetics determinism. The results revealed no overall effect for the cautious version, but an exploratory interaction model indicates that reactions to this version vary depending on educational attainment. Implications and limitations are discussed.

When Anne Frank Met Astro Boy

This article examines the evolution and impact of Anne Frank’s The Diary of a Young Girl on postwar manga (print comics) and Japanese visual culture. The author argues that Anne’s enduring legacy in Japan, dating back to 1952, owes much to the ways in which the content of her Diary capitalizes on certain hallmarks of shōjo (girls’) manga culture, such as affective storytelling and character interiority. Moreover, as shown through a primary analysis of two emonogatari (illustrated story) versions of the Diary from 1964 and two manga versions from 1967, among others referenced, Anne Frank’s life and legacy inspires a hybridized narrative and visual style in manga that blends the emotionality and interiority of shōjo with the more graphic depictions of violence common to shōnen manga for young boys. In so doing, it encourages a reevaluation of the shōjo mode and its ability to bear witness to the physical violence and psychological trauma of the Holocaust.

The Story of Shunzi in Old Uyghur

ABSTRACTThis paper identifies three manuscript fragments from Turfan as an Old Uyghur version of the story of Shunzi 舜子, a medieval Chinese narrative about Emperor Shun acting as a filial son. In China, the story was part of the lore of filial sons (xiaozi 孝子), popular throughout most of the dynastic period. Early versions of the Chinese story survive in Japan and Dunhuang, and these display obvious parallels with the Uyghur text. While this allows a positive identification of the content of the three Turfan fragments, the differences reveal that none of the known Chinese versions could have served as the source text for the translation. The Old Uyghur version, therefore, represents an otherwise unattested version of the story, which may have developed among the Uyghurs.

Persebaran Cerita Panji dalam Spirit Kenusantaraan

The Creation of the Character of Xiao Mei in the Play Script of Senja dan Penantian by Hernandes Saranela Inspired by the Chinese Widow Film. The Panji story that appeared around the XIII century at the end of King Airlangga in Singasari, East Java, became popular in the golden age of the Majapahit kingdom. In 1330 Gajah Mada was appointed by King Putri Majapahit Tribhuanatunggadewi as the ‘Mahapatih’ of the Majapahit kingdom. One year later, in 1331, to be precise, Mahapatih Gajah Mada made an oath known as the “Palapa Oath.” The “Palapa Oath” stated, among other things, that Gajah Mada would not enjoy/eat a palapa before “Nusantara” could be unified. As Mahapatih, every effort was made to realize the ideals contained in the “Palapa Oath.” Mahapatih Gajah Mada increasingly found a clear path after Tribhuanatunggadewi died, and was replaced by his first son named Hayam Wuruk. When he was crowned, king Hayam Wuruk was 16 years old. Under the inexperienced ‘Raja Muda,’ Mahapatih Gajah Mada’s power grew even more remarkable. It is even said that the real king of Majapahit was Gajah Mada. Due to the tremendous efforts of Mahapatih Gajah Mada, the expansion of the Majapahit empire was influential in various regions throughout the Archipelago. Furthermore, with a synchronic approach, it can be assumed that the spread and existence of the Panji story in various regions in Indonesia can be considered as traces of Mahapatih Gajah Mada’s expansionary politics in realizing his ideals as pronounced in the famous ‘Palapa Oath.’ As it is known, the distribution of the Panji story then adapted to local cultures, which made the Panji story have various versions. For example, the Panji story’s performance in Central Java, Malay, Lombok, Kalimantan, and even to countries on the Southeast Asian peninsula. So two important things to note are that the spread of the Panji story in various regions is in line with Gajah Mada’s expansionary politics. It contains the spirit of ‘Kenusantaraan.’ Various versions of the Panji story in the multiple areas show the nature of diversity in the Archipelago’s unity, which is centered in the Majapahit Kingdom. That is what inspired the founders of this republic to adopt the philosophy of “BHINEKA TUNGGAL IKA,” including the color of the flag “red and white” derived from “coconut sugar,” which has been known since the Majapahit era.Keywords: the distribution of the Panji story; the Palapa Oath; the Archipelag

Metaphor and Irony comprehension in typically developing school children: a pilot study

This study aimed to analyse irony and metaphor comprehension of Portuguese school age children and analyse some of their individual differences, investigating if such factors may play a role in the comprehension of these two language elements.&#x0D; Two European-portuguese versions of stories from the instrument ‘Stories from Everyday Life’ were used to assess irony and metaphor comprehension in a sample of 30 children with 8 years in a Portuguese private educational institution. Individual differences (e.g., gender, number of siblings, parents’ educational levels and family history of speech and/or language disorders) were also considered.&#x0D; Children were able to understand metaphors and irony, as previously observed in other studies (e.g. Dews &amp; Winner, 1997; Özçalışkan, 2007; Özçalişkan, 2005; Özçalışkan, 2007; Stites &amp; Özçalişkan, 2013 Pexman &amp; Glenwright, 2007). Results regarding individual differences on children’s performances showed that: i) male children performed better in both stories; ii) two children who presented a family history of speech and/or language disorders obtained lower scores than their peers; iii) two children whose parents had lower educational level than other families of participants performed worse than their peers; and iv) children who had more siblings performed better in both stories.&#x0D; Children’s performances on both stories were positively correlated. No significant gender differences were found regarding irony and metaphor comprehension, however, a slight advantage was found in male children. The number of siblings was positively associated with metaphor and irony comprehension. More research is needed to clarify the influence of developmental and social variables in metaphor and irony comprehension.

Mapping Credibility Scale of Sources of Political News Stories Through Perception Lenses of Pakistani Youth: Analysis of Governmental vs. Non-Governmental and Conflicting Political News Sources

Research was designed to evaluate the credibility perception of youth regarding different mainstream and new media sources of political news. This study adopted questionnaire survey method as a research design of the study. The sample was drawn using probability proportional to size (PPS) and random sampling techniques. For the purpose of investigation, 375 respondents from Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan’s approved universities/degree awarding institutions (DAIs) were selected for the purpose of data collection. The findings of the study revealed that in case the respondents are encountered with the conflicting version of political news stories, they considered traditional TV news channels and newspapers as first and second most credible political news sources respectively. Additionally, it was also found that the majority of the youth perceived live streaming of traditional TV news channels and news websites that are associated with the mainstream news sources (traditional TV news channels and newspapers) as first and second most credible online sources of political news respectively. Additionally, this research also found that the majority of the respondents considered non-governmental sources of political news as most credible. Overall, the study concluded that the respondents still perceived traditionally delivered political news as highly credible sources of political news. Key Words: Media Credibility, Political News, Credibility Perception, Mainstream Media, New Media.

The salience of 'Fakeness': Experimental Evidence on Readers' Distinction between Mainstream Media Content and Altered News Stories

This experiment was designed to explore people’s critical, differentiating capacity between actual news and content that looks like news. Four groups of postmillennials read four versions of a news story. While the first condition included a real news story derived from a mainstream medium, the other three conditions tested three attributes of fakeness, namely an exaggerated, satirical, and popularised frame of disinformation. Although readers differentiated between satire and the actual news story, no significant differences were observed between exaggerated and simplified versions of news and the actual news story. Additional intervening variables were scrutinized, showing a connection between the salience of a story and its perceptions of fakeness.

Το πρότυπο του επεισοδίου του Χαρίδημου (Ερωτόκριτος B 591-744): Ariosto ή Tasso;

The model of the Charidimos episode (Erotokritos B 591-744): Ariosto or Tasso; It is well known that Vitsentzos Kornaros based the story of Charidimos, who accidentally killed his wife during a hunting expedition (Erotokritos B 591-744) on some version of the mythical narrative of Cephalus and Procris as told by Ovid in Metamorphoses 7.796-865. As regards the circumstances of the death of Charidimos’ wife, Kornaros reworked the initial idea in such an original fashion that it differs from all versions of the same story or reconfigurations of it. The only certainty we have is that Charidimos’ decision to take part in jousts and offer the prizes he wins to the tomb of his beloved was inspired by the story of Rodomonte and Isabella in Ludovico Ariosto’s Orlando furioso, canto 29. As regards the possible association of the Charidimos episode with another modern reworking of the Cephalus and Procris narrative in Torquato Tasso’s Rinaldo 7.16-51, which was suggested by Eirini Lydaki in 2015, the most notable similarity with the Erotokritos version is the substitution of a real woman for Ovid’s “aura”. Kornaros, however, handled the third party in his story (a beautiful shepherdess) in such an original fashion that the existence of Tasso’s Ermilla, a beautiful virgin huntress and constant companion of the anonymous knight during his hunting expeditions, does not contribute in any significant way to our understanding of the Erotokritos episode.

Jules Michelet: Writing Art and History in Nineteenth-Century France. By Michèle Hannoosh

In one of several admiring letters in 1861, Flaubert articulates Michelet’s status in the eyes of his contemporaries: ‘Il n’est maintenant personne qui puisse se passer de vous, se soustraire à l’influence de votre génie, ne pas vivre sur vos idées’ (Flaubert, Correspondance, éd. Jean Bruneau, 5 vols (Paris: Gallimard, 1973–2007), Iii (1991), p. 155). Yet today, save in relation to historiography, this towering figure is almost lost from sight. As Michèle Hannoosh reminds us, however, a young Roland Barthes, working his way through the sixteen volumes of Michelet’s Histoire de France while undergoing treatment for tuberculosis in 1942, opened up fertile avenues for modern readers of an enormous corpus. Her own re-evaluation is enhanced not only by penetrating analyses of the published work but also by recourse to Michelet’s journal and reflections in his notes for lectures at the Collège de France, the thrust of which are resurrected even in the absence of accessible texts. Whereas Barthes underlined the alternating modes of récit and tableau, Hannoosh argues that the imbrication of narrative and authorial contemplation of works of art is key to an understanding of Michelet’s most important and original historical concepts. For the visual arts, providing him with a kind of ‘epiphanic illumination’ (p. 6) captured in his poetic language, are a ‘privileged site — and vehicle — for the interpretation of history’ (p. 158). The range of the writer’s interests and erudition is overlaid by Hannoosh’s own immaculate scholarship and her insights into Michelet’s engagement with works as diverse as Reims and Strasbourg cathedrals and the Fontainebleau Dianas, and with artists from Jan van Eyck to Rembrandt. But what she demonstrates is that architecture, statuary, and paintings do not give us fixed points illustrative of successive periods so much as they offer Michelet himself the opportunity to rethink in critical terms the relation between the work of the historian and his attitudes to the past. Inflected by the vicissitudes of his own biography (bereavement, remarriage, the state of his health) and events forcing him to revise prior assumptions about the Revolution’s definitive position in the history of France (as both endpoint and template for an enlightened future), Michelet’s return to his experience of the works in question is shaded by newly perceived ambiguities, equating the gothic with a sterile scholasticism and questioning the extent to which the positive implications of the Renaissance can be reconciled with Albrecht Dürer’s Melencolia. Michelet’s writing on Théodore Géricault remains the best-known of his reflections on the visual arts, notably in the 1840s association of Le Radeau de la Méduse with the shipwreck of the nation. By tracking the correctives to such an interpretation activated by the unfolding of subsequent moments of national trauma (the regressive 1851 coup d’état; the Franco-Prussian War reprising; but, even more catastrophically, the Napoleonic downfall of 1815), Hannoosh highlights not only Michelet’s increasing pessimism but also his acute sense of the historian’s irreducibly provisional purchase on any apparently structured version of the national story. Hers is an important and original book, intellectually stimulating and beautifully written.

Литературное наследие С. К. Тока в фондах Национального архива Республики Тыва

Литературное наследие тувинского общественно-политического деятеля и писателя Салчака Калбакхорековича Тока представлено в нескольких архивах Тувы. В статье разбирается состав и содержание небольшой, но малоизвестной, ценной коллекции рукописей рассказов, отрывков произведений (11 ед.) из фондов Национального архива (до 07.04.2020 г. — Государственного архива)Республики Тыва. Многие отрывки рукописей существенно разнятся с изданными текстами и этот аспект творческой эволюции писателя рассматривается впервые.Например, в фондах имеется рукопись рассказа «Охота на волков» (март 1947 г.). Он был опубликован на русском языке в сборнике в 1967 г. и содержит отхождения от оригинала: были изменены имя главного героя и род деятельности второстепенного, но важного героя. В процессе творческой работы Тока мы видим определенное «свертывание» текста.Автобиографический роман-трилогия С. К. Тока «Слово арата» издавался частями, разными версиями с 1932 г., в 1940-е гг., с названием «Слово арата» — на русском языке в 1950 г., несколько первых изданий в 1951 и 1964 гг.; на тувинском языке — в 1967 г. Далее он неоднократно переиздавался. В архиве представлены варианты рукописей отрывков. Сравнительный анализ показал переработки, дополнения, а также сокращения. Рукописный текст более богат лексикой, подробностями, описаниями; содержит меньше идеологических штампов.Сопоставление архивных рукописей и изданий позволяет проследить историю создания произведений, а также изменения в творческих приемах писателя, в эволюции его творчества; почувствовать часто ускользающие при чтении тончайшие нюансы, столь необходимые для объективной интерпретации авторского текста.

Steinbeck's Mayor

Abstract John Steinbeck's 1942 novella-play The Moon Is Down is similar in setting, situation, and spirit to The Mountains Wait, a nonfictional account of the April–June 1940 Nazi invasion of Norway, published by the Webb Book Publishing Company of Minnesota a few months after The Moon Is Down and written in the form of a memoir by Steinbeck's contemporary Theodor Broch, the exiled mayor of Narvik, a strategically important coastal community and transportation hub for shipping Swedish iron ore south from Norway to Germany. Broch's prominence as a spokesman for the Norwegian resistance brought him into contact with the same intelligence organization that fostered Steinbeck's war propaganda work in 1941 and 1942, William Donovan's Office of the Coordinator of Information, and Broch's escape from Narvik to the United States was assisted by Roosevelt's minister to Norway, Florence Jaffray Harriman. An early version of Broch's story appeared in Life magazine under Broch's byline in December 1940, and Broch's subsequent outreach included talks on college campuses, media interviews, and meetings with opinion makers in Washington and New York. At least two contemporary reviewers remarked on the similarity between The Mountains Wait and The Moon Is Down, though both faulted Steinbeck for failing to portray the Germans as credibly as Broch did. Scholars have overlooked this intriguing connection, one that raises important questions of influence and sourcing while also reinforcing the accuracy of Steinbeck's version of events. The present essay examines context and texts to suggest that further research is needed before drawing a definitive conclusion about Narvik's Mayor Broch as the inspiration or source for Steinbeck's Mayor Orden.

"What Was His Name, Again?": A New Method for Reducing Memory-Based Errors in an Adult False-Belief Task.

Despite considerable interest in the development of Theory of Mind (ToM) during early childhood, until recently, there has been little consideration about whether and how ToM skills continue to change into adulthood. Furthermore, the false-belief task, which is believed to capture the underlying mechanisms of ToM, is rarely used in studies of ToM with adults; those tasks that do assess false-belief understanding may be confounded by incidental task demands, such as complex narratives and excessive memory requirements, making it difficult to isolate adults’ true ToM skills, much less to compare them with the skills of children. Here, we adapted a task developed by Valle, Massaro, Castelli, and Marchetti (2015, https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v11i1.829) to assess false-belief understanding in adults. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions. In the reading condition, participants read a story about the unexpected transfer of a ball between three brothers. In the video condition, participants watched a video version of the same story. Finally, in the training condition, participants were first trained on the names of the characters, before watching the video. Although condition did not affect participants’ ability to correctly answer a standard false belief question (“Where does X think Y thinks the ball is?”), participants in the training condition used more mental state language to justify their responses (“Why does X think Y thinks the ball is here?”), and this improved performance was mediated by improved memory for the story details. We conclude that at least some “failures” of ToM use may be due to an inability to understand, recall, or communicate complex information in a ToM task, raising important questions about how best to measure ToM in adults (and children) in the future.

C-E Translation of Jiang Zilong’s Short Story Mr. Big on the Basis of Functional Equivalence Theory

In recent years, an increasing amount of excellent foreign novels and short stories are translated and introduced into China while limited Chinese short stories are presented overseas. This paper, on the basis of Nida’s functional equivalence theory, analyzes and reviews the translated version of the short story “Mr. Big” written by Jiang Zilong through the application of functional equivalence theory from lexical and syntactic level. The translator, with the target language reader at the core, fully comprehends the original text, emotions, style, and mood of the short story, and appropriately uses various translation methods, such as transliteration with annotation and literal translation for translating culture-loaded words; literal translation, liberal translation, supplementary translation, divided translation, adapted translation, conversed translation, etc. to faithfully reproduce the original content and artistic style of the original work, and achieve functional equivalence. This paper is supposed to enhance the foreign understanding of Jiang Zilong’s short story and to provide reference and inspirations for Chinese-English translation of novels and short stories.

The ideal match; Views on marriage in Panji Paniba (1816)

Panji Paniba of 1816 is a Panji story. It is built on a plot which is characteristic of Panji stories: four Javanese kingdoms in a Hindu setting, a princess who disappears and a prince, her fiance, who finds her again. Another characteristic of Panji tales is the happy ending of marriages and successions to thrones. Interestingly in Panji Paniba a foreign king has a role to play. Crucial to our understanding of this particular version of Panji stories is the special attention it pays to types of marriages. Three types can be distinguished: proper, improper but repairable, and objectionable. How these are defined and how they influence the development of the narrative is the topic discussed in the present article.

The Significance of the Inao during the reign of King Chulalongkorn; A transitional period in the Thai Panji tradition

There are two main versions of the Panji story in the Thai literary tradition, entitled Inao and Dalang respectively. Both versions were first composed at the Thai court in roughly the eighteenth century and have provided inspiration for Thai arts ever since. Of the two stories, the Inao has become much more popular than the Dalang. The most influential Inao work was composed by King Rama II (r. 1809-1824) and his reign is widely accepted as the heyday of Inao. There was also another period of time in which the Inao theme was popular: the reign of King Chulalongkorn (r. 1868-1910). This article is an examination of the presentation of the Inao story during the reign of King Chulalongkorn and also presents an assessment of the significance of these Inao works to the Inao tradition. The findings of this article reveal that, during this period, the Inao story was presented in an increasingly diversified number of art and cultural works in both traditional and new styles. These Inao works marked a significant turning-point in the Inao culture and indicate that not only was the reign of King Chulalongkorn “a Golden Age” of the Inao in Thailand, but it was also “a transitional period” in the Thai Panji tradition.

Silence, Non-Conceptuality, and Skepticism: The Coda to the Höhlenausgänge

Hans Blumenberg ends his last book, Höhlenausgänge (Cave Exits) with a coda, entitled “Another Myth,” composed solely of a cave story quoted verbatim from the Babylonian Talmud, to which he adds not a word of his own. This ‘performative act of silence’ raises the general issue of silence in Blumenberg’s thought. Despite the many variants of the cave story recounted in the Höhlenausgänge, I argue, three stand out as paradigmatic cave stories. The first is the speculative prehistoric cave story with which the book opens, which seeks to imaginatively reconstruct the beginning of human culture; I call this “Blumenberg’s cave.” The second is Plato’s cave allegory, the reception history of which can be read as Blumenberg’s version of the history of philosophy. The third is the Talmudic version of the cave story, which could have been, but wasn’t, presented as a moment in the reception history of Plato’s cave. Blumenberg’s point of silence about the Talmudic cave story endows it with hermeneutic significance, and renders the concept of silence a key that helps unlock the Höhlenausgänge’s overall argument.

Barracoon: The Story of the Last “Black Cargo,”

Barracoon: The Story of the Last “Black Cargo,”

Historization and Mythologization of Characters in Buryat Traditions (Image of Balzhan)

In a comparative aspect, historical and mythological components in the main oral and written versions of stories about a woman who was the main character in the oral traditions and chronicles of the Khori-Buryats are considered. The novelty of the study is in the identification of the historical cognitive part of the traditions in the context of real events concerning the image of Balzhan. The results of a comparative analysis of different versions of written texts and oral stories to identify mythological sacred additions and transform the real story are presented. The relevance of the study is due to a comparative analysis of the main versions of tradition in an interdisciplinary aspect, which led to the conclusion that the storyline of the novels about Balzhan in the vast majority of cases develops exclusively in the context of describing the history of the formation and development of the ethnic group of the Khorinsky Buryats in the period from the 17th century. It is proved that in written versions the main oral plot outline is preserved with the strengthening of historical components, in some cases the entire mythological part is removed to create the image of a plausible historical hero. The authors note that the mythological nomadic insets in the legends go back to oral traditions, having the functions of sacralizing and heroizing the tragic fate of the non-standard woman who determined the fate of the tribe.