Version Of Survey Research Articles

Labor unit culture and attitudes toward supporting vaginal birth-The Swedish version of the labor culture survey (S-LCS)-Psychometric properties.

In order to evaluate interventions aimed at reducing cesarean births, care practitioners' attitudes are important to measure. The Labor Culture Survey (LCS) is a scale that measures individual and unit attitudes towards supporting vaginal birth. As no equivalent scale exists in Sweden, the aim was to translate, adapt, and validate the LCS and to investigate whether there were differences in attitudes toward supporting vaginal birth between maternity care practitioners. A cross-sectional study including midwives, physicians, and nurse assistants working with intrapartum care in five labor wards in Sweden. The original LCS was translated into Swedish, and six context-specific items were developed for the Swedish setting (SLCS). The translation was tested for face validity. Psychometric analysis was conducted using exploratory factor analysis with principal component analysis, parallel analysis, and principal axis factoring. Reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha. One-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD were calculated to analyze differences in attitudes between professions on the subscales of the S-LCS. A total of 539 midwives, physicians, and nurse assistants participated. The final S-LCS showed a five-factor solution with the following subscales: Best Practices to reduce cesarean overuse, Unpredictability of vaginal birth, Unit Microculture, Maternal Agency, and Organizational Oversight. Chronbach alpha values varied from 0.60 to 0.83. Midwives were more supportive towards vaginal birth and less fearful of potential consequences of vaginal birth compared with physicians. The S-LCS demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties for use in Swedish maternity care. Further work to improve the scale should include additional items reflecting the subscale Maternal Agency.

OR10-05 Improved Mental And Psychosocial Patient-Reported Outcomes Among People With Obesity Treated With Tirzepatide: Results From SURMOUNT-1 Study

Abstract Disclosure: J. Poon: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly & Company. Stock Owner; Self; Eli Lilly & Company. S. Zhang: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly & Company. Stock Owner; Self; Eli Lilly & Company. H. Kan: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly & Company. Stock Owner; Self; Eli Lilly & Company. M.C. Bunck: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly & Company. Stock Owner; Self; Eli Lilly & Company. J. Dunn: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly & Company. Stock Owner; Self; Eli Lilly & Company. A. Stefanski: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly & Company. Stock Owner; Self; Eli Lilly & Company. M. Murphy: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly & Company. Stock Owner; Self; Eli Lilly & Company. Background: Living with obesity negatively impacts a person’s mental health and psychosocial function, leading to impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Tirzepatide resulted in clinically sustained reductions in body weight among participants with obesity in SURMOUNT-1, a Phase 3 randomized clinical trial. To determine the impact of tirzepatide treatment on mental health and psychosocial function, changes in HRQoL were assessed in SURMOUNT-1 using the Short Form 36 health survey version 2 acute form (SF-36v2) and the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite Clinical Trials Version (IWQOL-Lite-CT). Methods: A total of 2,539 participants were included in the study (tirzepatide 5 mg, N=630; 10 mg, N=636; 15 mg, N=630; placebo, N=643). The SF-36v2 (36 items) and IWQOL-Lite-CT (20 items) were collected at both baseline and endpoint of primary treatment period (week 72 or early discontinuation, where last observation was carried forward (LOCF)). The SF-36v2 assesses eight domains of HRQoL including role-emotional and mental health, and yields two additional summary scores, including the Mental Component Summary (MCS) score. SF-36v2 scores are norm-based with mean (SD) 50 (10). IWQOL-Lite-CT assesses three primary composites, including 13-item psychosocial composite score. IWQOL-Lite-CT composite scores were transformed to a scale of 0 to 100. Higher scores of both SF-36v2 and IWQOL-Lite-CT indicates better levels of health and psychosocial function. Estimated mean change from baseline to week 72 for SF-36v2 (norm-based) and IWQOL-Lite-CT composite (transformed) scores were analyzed using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model. Results: Mean scores at baseline for tirzepatide 5, 10, 15 mg doses and placebo for SF-36v2 role-emotional were 50.7, 51.0, 50.5, and 50.8, respectively, and for mental health were 53.4, 54.0, 53.4, and 53.4, respectively. Mean MCS scores at baseline for tirzepatide 5, 10, 15 mg doses and placebo were 53.3, 53.8, 53.4, and 53.5, respectively. Mean scores at baseline for tirzepatide 5, 10, 15 mg doses and placebo for IWQOL-Lite-CT psychosocial composite score were 64.3, 62.1, 63.2, and 63.2, respectively. All doses of tirzepatide showed significant improvements at week 72 compared to placebo for both SF-36v2 and IWQOL-Lite-CT scores (p<0.05). Estimated mean change from baseline to week 72 with tirzepatide 5, 10, 15 mg doses versus placebo were as follows: SF-36v2 role-emotional scores, 1.7, 1.3, and 1.8, versus 0.3 (p<0.05); SF-36v2 mental health scores 0.8, 0.8, and 1.1, versus -0.2 (p<0.05); SF-36v2 MCS scores were 0.7, 0.4, and 0.7 versus -0.5 (p<0.05); IWQOL-Lite-CT psychosocial scores 19.6, 22.1, and 23.6 versus 11.0 (p<0.001). Conclusion: In SURMOUNT-1, tirzepatide demonstrated statistically significant improvements in patient-reported mental health and psychosocial function as assessed by SF-36v2 and IWQOL-Lite-CT, compared to placebo. Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023

Health-related quality of life in young Norwegian survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest related to pre-arrest exercise habits

AimTo compare health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in young survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in Norway with an age and sex-matched reference population and to assess the associations between exercise volume prior to OHCA and HRQoL after. MethodsWe present data from survivors aged 18–50 years registered with OHCA in the Norwegian Cardiac Arrest Registry between January 1st 2015 and December 31st 2017. Survivors were invited to answer two questionnaires; (1) the Short Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey Version 1, and (2) about exercise habits prior to OHCA. Respondents were randomly matched 1:1 for age and sex with a reference population (data were available from the Norwegian Centre for Research Data). ResultsOf the 175 survivors invited, 95 (54%) responded, median age was 44 (range 35–48) years, 26 (27%) females. Valid results for SF-36 were available for 91 survivors, of whom 87 reported pre-OHCA exercise-volume. Prior to OHCA, 21 did no regular exercise, 44 exercised 1–4 hours/week and 22 exercised ≥5 hours/week. Compared to the reference population survivors had significantly (p < 0.01) poorer SF-36 scores for scales relating to physical- and mental health. SF-36 scale scores were similar in survivors who did and did not exercise regularly. Within the regular exercisers, survivors reporting ≥5 hours of exercise/week had better SF-36 scores than those exercising less. ConclusionPoorer HRQoL in survivors compared to the reference population should prompt us to explore how treatment and rehabilitation could be improved and adapted. More exercise before OHCA favoured better HRQoL after, which aligns well with the recognised positive association between HRQoL and physical activity in general.

Validation of the German language version of the Chronic Ear Survey and its psychometric comparison with an established German measurement instrument.

With the Chronic Ear Survey (CES), avalidated measurement instrument for the assessment of disease-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has been available internationally since 2000. The aim of this study was to provide avalidated German version of this international instrument and to compare it with the German Chronic Otitis Media Outcome Test15 (COMOT-15). The CES was translated into German via aforward-backward translation process. For validation, 79patients with COM undergoing middle ear surgery were prospectively included. HRQoL was determined preoperatively and 6months postoperatively using the CES and the COMOT-15. Pure tone audiometry was also performed at both measurement time points. In the control examination, an additional retrospective assessment of the preoperative situation was additionally performed using the CES and the COMOT-15 to assess the response shift. The determined psychometric characteristics were internal consistency, test-retest reliability, discrimination validity, agreement validity, responsiveness, and response shift for both measurement instruments. Convergent validity of both measurement instruments was assessed using linear regression. On the basis of the CES, patients with COM could be reliably distinguished from patients with healthy ears. The CES showed satisfactory reliability with high internal consistency (Cronbachα 0.65-0.85) and high retest reliability (r > 0.8). The global assessment of HRQoL impairment correlated very well with the scores of the CES (r = 0.51). In addition, it showed ahigh sensitivity to change (standardized response mean -0.86). Compared to the COMOT-15, it showed alower response shift (effect size -0.17 vs. 0.44). Both measurement instruments correlated only slightly with air conduction hearing threshold (r = 0.29 and r = 0.24, respectively). The concordant validity of both measurement instruments was high (r = 0.68). The German version of the CES shows satisfactory psychometric characteristics, so that its use can be recommended. The CES focuses on the influence of ear symptoms on HRQoL, whereas the COMOT-15 also includes functional and psychological aspects. Due to only minor response shift effects, the CES is particularly suitable for studies with multiple repeat measurements.

Development and validation of risk prediction model for premenstrual syndrome in nurses: results from the nurses-based the TARGET cohort study.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) stands as a significant concern within the realm gynecological disorders, profoundly impacting women of childbearing age in China. However, the elusive nature of its risk factors necessitates investigation. This study, therefore, is dedicated to unraveling the intricacies of PMS by focusing on nurses, a cohort with unique occupational stressors, to develop and validate a predictive model for assessing the risk of PMS. This investigation employed a multi-center cross-sectional analysis drawing upon data from the TARGET Nurses' health cohort. Utilizing online survey versions of the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS), a comprehensive dataset encompassing physiological, social, psychological, occupational, and behavioral variables was collected from 18,645 participants. A stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent risk factors for PMS. Furthermore, a refined variable selection process was executed, combining the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) method with 10-fold cross-validation. The visualization of the risk prediction model was achieved through a nomogram, and its performance was evaluated using the C index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and the calibration curves. Among the diverse variables explored, this study identified several noteworthy predictors of PMS in nurses, including tea or coffee consumption, sleep quality, menstrual cycle regularity, intermenstrual bleeding episodes, dysmenorrhea severity, experiences of workplace bullying, trait coping style, anxiety, depression and perceived stress levels. The prediction model exhibited robust discriminatory power, with an area under the curve of 0.765 for the training set and 0.769 for the test set. Furthermore, the calibration curve underscored the model's high degree of alignment with observed outcomes. The developed model showcases exceptional accuracy in identifying nurses at risk of PMS. This early alert system holds potential to significantly enhance nurses' well-being and underscore the importance of professional support.

Health related quality of life in a Saudi population of patients with epilepsy.

To assess the quality of life for epilepsy patients in Saudi Arabia. Epilepsy, one of the most prevalent chronic neurological conditions in the world, frequently results in a low quality of life. This cross-sectional study analyzed data between September 2020 and September 2021 from 102 adult patients with epilepsy in outpatient clinics department of Epilepsy Program at King Fahad Medical City compared it to 108 healthy controls during the same study period. Sociodemographics and clinical data were gathered using the Arabic version of the Rand 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) questionnaire and the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE-31). Patients with epilepsy had lower SF-36 scores when compared to the control for role limitation due to physical health, role limitations due to emotional health, and general health. The QOLIE-31 revealed that gender was associated with energy/fatigue (p=0.028), medication effect (p=0.016), and social function (p=0.003); only social functioning showed a significant association (p=0.023) with employment. Quality of life for patients with epilepsy was found to be significantly impacted in Saudi Arabia. Certain factors found in this study differentiate it from data that has already been released. This might be due to Arab differences in family support as well as cultural and religious beliefs.

Analysis of the labour market impacts of the coronavirus pandemic: Evidence from Zambia

ABSTRACT This paper examines the short-term impact of the Coronavirus pandemic on firms in a developing country i.e. Zambia. This is motivated by the characteristics of the Labour market in developing countries where informality dominates, and female workers form a larger proportion of the informal workforce. The Zambian version of the World Bank Enterprise Survey conducted just before the pandemic (September 2019 to March 2020) and during the pandemic (June 6 to 17 July 2020) is used to explore the experience of firms in terms of changes in the number of employees and firm survival. Results suggest that informal workers are more likely to lose their jobs while firms that are at least partly owned/managed by females are also less likely to survive. It is argued that policy actions that protect informal workers are salient especially since future pandemics cannot be ruled out.

Health-Related Quality of Life at Five Years for a Randomized Trial of Tri-Modality Therapy with I-125 Brachytherapy, External Beam Radiation Therapy, and Short- vs. Long-Term Androgen Deprivation Therapy for High-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer (TRIP)

To describe the patient-reported health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) outcomes at five years for a multicenter randomized trial of tri-modality therapy with iodine-125 brachytherapy, external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), and short- versus long-term androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for high-risk localized prostate cancer (TRIP/TRIGU0907). A total of 332 men with high-risk prostate cancer were randomized to either 6 months of ADT (n = 165) or 30 months of ADT (n = 167) in conjunction with combined modality radiation therapy. For the HR-QoL assessment, general HR-QoL and disease-specific HR-QoL were measured using the Japanese version of the Medical Outcomes Study 8-items Short-Form Health Survey (SF-8) and the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC). Patient-reported outcome questionnaires were filled out before ADT initiation, and five years after. Scores were reported as mean with the standard deviation. QoL end points were assessed as the change between pre and post treatment using paired student t-test. Changes in the International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS) score, including total score and subscores, were also evaluated. The study was powered according to the primary endpoint of biochemical progression free survival with HR-QoL as a secondary endpoint. In addition, recovery of testosterone level (300ng/dL or higher) was calculated as the cumulative incidence curve and compared between arms by log-rank test. The cumulative incidence of biochemical progression, and salvage ADT treatment were not different between the arms. Mean domain scores at baseline were well balanced between the two arms in all HR-QoL. There were no differences in the SF-8 assessment and the total and subscore EPIC assessments between the arms. The average sexual function score was lower in short arm versus long arm; 16.24 versus 20.24 at baseline, but not different at five years, 9.96 versus 7.78 (p = 0.164). There were no significant differences between the arms for the total and subscore IPSS. Significantly higher percentage of patients, 71.7% in the short arm recovered to a normal testosterone level at 6 years after the initiation of ADT compared to 43.2% in long arm (p<0.0001). At five years after ADT initiation, there were no significant differences in all score changes between the two arms with general HR-QoL and disease-specific HR-QoL. Most of HR-QoL returned to baseline level, and sexual function scores were low from baseline in this population. Two-years' adjuvant ADT did not affect HR-QoL at five years, although it significantly retarded testosterone recovery compared to 6 months of hormone therapy.

Long-Term Quality of Life Following Head and Neck Radiation: A Study Using the Vanderbilt Head and Neck Symptom Survey

Head and neck (H&N) radiation (RT) is characterized by significant acute toxicity, but long-term quality of life (QoL) following H&N RT is not well defined. This study sought to prospectively characterize, by subsite, long-term QoL in patients who underwent H&N RT using the Vanderbilt Head and Neck Symptom Survey (VHNSS) version 2.0. In patients treated with H&N RT between 2010 and 2021, the VHNSS was prospectively collected prior to beginning RT and at follow-up visits after completion of RT. Responses were broken down into symptom clusters for characterization of specific side effects and scored from 0 (asymptomatic) to 10 (severe symptoms). Patients were stratified by disease site and type of RT, with three main subgroups of interest: p16+ oropharynx (OPX) treated with definitive RT, nasopharynx (NPX) treated with definitive RT, and oral cavity (OC) treated with postoperative RT (PORT). To characterize long-term QoL, surveys collected 2 years (±3 months) after completion of RT were analyzed. Survey response distributions are reported as median and interquartile ranges. Comparisons between groups were made using the Mann-Whitney U test. A total of 65 patients (33 OPX [50.8%], 19 NPX [29.2%], 13 OC [20.0%]) had survey responses at 2 years. Median age was 56 (range 20-86). 48 (73.8%) patients were male. Concurrent chemotherapy was administered to 52 patients (80.0%). At 2 years, among OPX patients, trouble hearing (1.5 [0-5]) represented the greatest symptom burden, though this was still less than NPX (4.0 [2.0-7.5]; p = 0.099) patients but greater than OC (0.0 [0.0-1.5]; p = 0.16) patients. OPX patients had significantly less difficulty swallowing solids (0.8 [0.1-2.0]) compared to NPX (2.5 [1.1-5.1]; p = 0.018) and OC (3.5 [1.9-5.1]; p = 0.002) patients. OPX patients also experienced less dry mouth (1.0 [0.2-3.3]) than NPX (3.2 [1.5-6.6]; p = 0.012) and OC (2.4 [1.8-5.4]; p = 0.056) patients. OPX patients reported less trismus (0.0 [0.0-0.2]) than NPX (4.0 [0.0-7.0]; p<0.001) and OC (1.0 [0.5-3]; p = 0.002) patients. OPX patients had less neck tightness (0.0 [0.0-2.0]) than NPX (2.0 [0.0-3.0]; p = 0.022) patients and less voice dysfunction (0.0 [0.0-0.7]) than OC (3.0 [1.2-3.5]; p = 0.011) patients. Lastly, OPX patients had better mental health (0.0 [0.0-1.2]) than NPX (2.0 [0.0-5.0]; p = 0.019) and OC (2.0 [0.0-3.2]; p = 0.086) patients. There was no difference in taste/smell among OPX (0.9 [0.0-2.7]), NPX (2.3 [0.7-5.1]; p = 0.100), and OC (1.5 [1.1-3.4]; p = 0.230) patients. The VHNSS was able to characterize long-term QoL in patients treated with H&N RT. In general, patients with OPX treated with definitive RT have improved long-term QoL relative to patients with NPX or OC cancers, though at least a quarter of patients still report significant dry mouth, taste/smell, and hearing difficulties. Additional work should seek to identify, and, where possible through timely rehabilitation, proactively mitigate late symptoms in patients following H&N RT.

Nurses’ Perceptions of Patient Safety Culture and Evaluation of Organizational Commitment Level

This research was carried out to determine nurses' perceptions of patient safety culture and organizational commitment levels, as well as to show the relationship between these two variables.&#x0D; In this descriptive and correlational study, data were collected between May and June 2018 with the participation of 299 nurses working in a public hospital. Turkish versions of surveys titled Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture and Organizational Commitment Scale were used in order to collect data. The data collected was summed using frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviation. Pearson correlation in comparing categorical data between groups were benefitted in comparative analyses. &#x0D; Nurses’ perception of patient safety culture was at a level that needed improvement (Total average percentage of positive responses 54%). The standards of organizational commitments of the participants were found to be high (4.09±0.85). The association between nurses’ perceptions of patient safety culture and their organizational commitment degrees (r=0.41) were found statistically significant (p≤0.01). As the level of patient safety culture of nurses increases their level of commitment to their institutions also increases.&#x0D; The patient safety culture level of nurses is below the desired level and needs to be improved.. Enhancing the safety culture in hospitals will improve their organizational commitment.

Estimation of cutoff score for the 7C of vaccination readiness scale

The 7C of the vaccination readiness scale provides a score to evaluate the willingness and readiness to get vaccinated (vaccination readiness). This cross-sectional study clarifies the cutoff vaccination readiness score to determine whether an individual is willing to be vaccinated. We conducted an online survey of 774 participants. The vaccination readiness scores for the full and short survey versions were calculated. The coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination status was used to determine whether the participant was willing to be vaccinated. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed using the Youden index. The Youden Index was at its maximum when the cutoff score was 4.02 for the full version (area under the curve [AUC]:0.94) and 4.07 for the short version (AUC:0.90). Vaccination readiness scores greater than 4 on both the full and short version may indicate a willingness to be vaccinated. This cutoff value facilitates the interpretation of the 7C scale results.

Reliability, construct validity, and factorial structure of a Swedish version of the medical outcomes study social support survey (MOS-SSS) in patients with chronic pain.

This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of a Swedish version of the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS). Standard forward-backward translation was used. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among treatment seeking individuals with chronic pain included in a clinical cohort. Internal consistency was measured with Cronbach's α, test-retest reliability was examined with intraclass correlation, confirmatory factor analyses was used for examining factor structure, and correlations between the MOS-SSS and selected health validity measures were used for testing concurrent validity hypotheses. 182 participants were included in the study. Internal consistency measured with Cronbach's alpha was acceptable for all subscales and for the total support index of the MOS-SSS. Test-retest reliability was moderate - good for the different subscales, and was good for the overall support index. The original four factor model of the MOS-SSS was confirmed, and the concurrent validity hypotheses were also confirmed; however, the associations were weaker than expected. The Swedish version of the MOS-SSS was found psychometrically sound and offers a systematic assessment of social support in specialized pain care.

Association of inpatient postpartum quality of recovery with postpartum depression: A prospective observational study

Study objectiveTo explore the relationship between Obstetric Quality of Recovery survey (ObsQoR-10-Heb) and Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) measured 6 weeks after delivery, adjusted for potential confounding factors. DesignProspective, longitudinal cohort study. SettingLarge postpartum department, 13,000 annual deliveries, quaternary medical center in Israel. PatientsWomen ≥18 years old, gestational age ≥ 37 weeks after term delivery (spontaneous vaginal, operative vaginal, planned, and unplanned cesarean delivery), with non-anomalous neonates not requiring special support after delivery or at the time of recruitment. Written informed consent was provided. Women unable to read or understand Hebrew were excluded. InterventionsNo interventions were done. MeasurementsWe investigated the relationship between inpatient postpartum recovery and positive postpartum depression (PPD) screening at 6 weeks postpartum. Enrolled women completed the validated Hebrew version of ObsQoR-10 survey (ObsQoR-10-Heb; scored between 0 and 100 with 0 and 100 representing worst and best possible recovery) from 24 to 48 h after delivery, and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at 6- and 12 weeks postpartum. We assessed the univariate association between ObsQoR-10-Heb; patient factors; obstetric factors; and positive PPD screening at 6 weeks postpartum. Potential confounders were adjusted in a multiple logistic regression model. Main resultsInpatient ObsQoR-10-Heb has been completed by 325 postpartum women; 270 (83.1%) and 253 (77.9%) completed the 6- and 12 weeks EPDS respectively. Lower ObsQoR-10-Heb (aOR 0.95 (95% CI 0.92, 0.98); p = 0.001); depression or anxiety before delivery (aOR 4.53 (95% CI 1.88, 10.90); p = 0.001); and hospital readmission (aOR 9.08 (95% CI 1.23, 67.14); p = 0.031) were associated with positive screening for postpartum depression at 6 weeks. ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that worse inpatient postpartum recovery is an independent risk factor for positive PPD screening at 6 weeks postpartum. Other risk factors found in our study were maternal hospital readmission and a previous history of anxiety or depression.

Impact of a physical activity program on the quality of life of the elderly

The elderly population has been increasing considerably over the last few years and the importance of the physical and mental well-being of this population must be noticed. The study aimed to analyze the quality of life of elderly participants in the Municipality Project called “Idade Viva”. Toward this purpose, 41 individuals of both genders aged from 60 and 78 years old were assessed. Participants were divided into two groups: Group of Elderly Practitioners of Physical Activities of the “Idade Viva” Project (G1), Group of Elderly Non-practitioners of Physical Activities of the “Idade Viva” Project (G2). The physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) parameters of quality of life were assessed using the "12 - Item Short-Form Health Survey (version 1) - (SF-12 v1)", the level of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) by the “International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-short version). Data collection took place in the morning at the Project location. Anthropometric data were collected: body mass, height and abdominal perimeter (AP). The Shapiro-Wilk normality test and the independent T test were used for intergroup analysis. There were no significant differences regarding PCS (G1= 43.4; G2= 48.0) and MCS (G1= 47.4; G2=50.4), as well as for weekly MVPA minutes (G1= 296.0 ; G2= 180.0). G1 had a higher prevalence of active individuals (82%) compared to G2 (58%). It can be concluded that physical activity programs for elderly people can increase the level of habitual physical activity and contribute to attenuate the parameters of the Metabolic Syndrome.

The relationship between childhood maltreatment and learning engagement of high school students: the role of growth mindset and beliefs about adversity.

To explore the relationship between childhood maltreatment, growth mindset, beliefs about adversity and learning engagement among high school students. Research participants were selected by random cluster sampling.652 high school students (50.2% male and 49.8% female) from five high schools were investigated using paper-pencil survey versions of Child Trauma Questionnaire, The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-student, Growth Mindset Scale, and The Beliefs About Adversity Scale. Childhood maltreatment had a significant negative effect on high school students' learning engagement. Childhood maltreatment directly predicted high school students' learning engagement and also had an indirect negative predictive effect on learning engagement via growth mindset. Growth mindset plays a mediating role between childhood maltreatment and learning engagement. The beliefs about adversity moderated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and growth mindset, as well as the relationship between childhood maltreatment and learning engagement. This study has empirical implications for helping high school students who have experienced childhood maltreatment to develop growth mindset and teaching students to adopt positive adversity beliefs in response to trauma during psychological interventions, thereby increasing high school students' engagement in learning.

Evaluating the Quality of Pain Management Satisfaction Among Oncology Patients in a Hospital Setting: Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Version of Pain Care Quality Survey.

The purpose of this mixed-methods psychometric study was to translate and adapt the Arabic Pain Care Quality (APainCQ) Survey to Arabic and to measure the quality of pain care provided to Arab patients. This study used an iterative, mixed-methods approach that employed cognitive interviews, expert content analysis, and factor analysis to develop the APainCQ Survey. The study was conducted at Dubai Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, United Arab Emirates. Arabic-speaking patients admitted to the oncology/hematology inpatient units with a minimum 24-hour stay were eligible for the study. The sample consisted of 155 patients. The iterative exploratory factor analysis process resulted in the sequential removal of three items. The results of the significant Bartlett test (P < .001) of sphericity and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test of 0.93 for both the health care team scale and the nurse scale. The total variance explained was 76.17% for the health care team scale and 60.91% for the nurse scale, which explained 56.51% for factor 1 with 14 items and 4.40% for factor 2. Regarding internal consistency reliability, Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega for the health care team scale and nurse scale were high; both values were .95. Internal consistency reliability of pain assessment and pain management subscales of nurse scales were also high, with values of 0.96 and 0.79, respectively. Moreover, there was a moderate correlation (r = 0.66; P < .001) between the two subscales in the nurse scale. This study provides evidence that the APainCQ is a reliable and valid measure of pain dimensions, including pain management and monitoring. This APainCQ scale can potentially expand research and clinical assessment in the Arab world.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Urdu Version of Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitude Survey—Student Version in Pakistan

Evaluating athletes’ knowledge of and attitudes toward sports-related concussions is important. However, there is limited research involving South Asian athletes, partly due to the lack of a valid and reliable tool. This study, therefore, aimed to translate and validate the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitude Survey—Student Version, an established tool used to measure knowledge and attitude toward concussion, into Urdu. Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitude Survey—Student Version was translated into Urdu using the standard guidelines and then completed by 369 athletes participating in contact sports at different universities in Pakistan. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the Concussion Attitude Index items to examine the underlying factorial structure. Construct validity of Concussion Attitude Index factors was also investigated using convergent and discriminant validity. The results showed that the Urdu version of the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitude Survey—Student Version has good psychometric properties and is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating Urdu-speaking athletes’ knowledge of and attitudes toward concussions.

Two-year evolution of quality of life following radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer

ObjectiveThis study aims to elucidate the trajectory of quality of life (QoL) over a two-year period after radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy for head and neck cancer (HNC), addressing the gap in long-term QoL information. MethodsEmploying a prospective longitudinal observational design, we tracked 58 HNC patients who underwent radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, analyzing their QoL using Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey version 2 (SF36v2), the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life (EORTC-QLQ-C30), and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life head and neck-35 (EORTC-QLQ-H&N35) questionnaires for two years post-discharge. The data underwent repeated measures analysis of variance. ResultsOver the two-year follow-up, 10 patients (17.2%) succumbed, and 8 (13.8%) dropped out. SF36v2 physical and role-social component summary scores declined during treatment, requiring 1–2 years for recovery. The mental component summary score remained stable. EORTC-QLQ-30 revealed global health status recovery within one year post-discharge. EORTC-QLQ-H&N35 items like “swallowing,” “senses problems,” “trouble with social eating,” “dry mouth,” “sticky saliva,” “coughing,” and “felt ill” worsened pre-discharge. “Trouble with social contact” improved within a year, while “pain,” “swallowing,” “senses problems,” “trouble with social eating,” and “coughing” improved within two years. “Dry mouth” and “sticky saliva” persisted throughout the two-year follow-up, common symptoms of HNC and treatment side effects. ConclusionsRecovery of specific QoL aspects in HNC patients treated with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy may require up to two years. Prolonged monitoring and management of oral symptoms could enhance QoL. Future research should extend follow-up beyond two years for comprehensive interventions enhancing patient QoL.

Parental Perceptions and Perceived Environmental Influences on Active Transport to School in U.S. Inner-City Neighborhoods: Through the Lens of Health Equity

Introduction: Physical inactivity remains high amongst Asian American (AA) children. The Safe Routes to School (SRTS) Program is a viable approach for increasing levels of physical activity by encouraging active transport to school (ATS). The objective of this study was to investigate the factors that affect ATS among Asian American children in inner-city schools.&#x0D; Methods: An adapted version of the national SRTS survey that measures socio-demographics, environmental factors, and parental perceptions toward school routes and transportation modes were administered in eight public schools in Hamtramck, MI.&#x0D; Results: Multinominal logistic regression results indicated that the age of children, distance to school, perceived school encouragement, and parents’ perceptions on safety were the predominant factors associated with Asian American children participating in ATS.&#x0D; Conclusion: The study is among the first underserved environmental and access factors that influence Asian American children’s ATS patterns. Particularly, findings showed that the safety perceptions of parents play a key role in affecting their decisions about ATS and should be considered in future interventions and programming designs to promote ATS.

Avacopan (Tavneos)

&#x0D; CADTH recommends that Tavneos not be reimbursed by public drug plans as adjunctive treatment for adults with severe active antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated vasculitis (ANCA-AV) (granulomatosis with polyangiitis [GPA] and microscopic polyangiitis [MPA]).&#x0D; One clinical trial demonstrated that Tavneos in combination with ANCA-AV background therapy (including glucocorticoids and drugs that reduce immune system function) was as good as oral prednisone (60 mg dose reduced over 20 weeks) in combination with ANCA-AV background therapy for showing a reduction in disease symptoms at week 26 and was better than oral prednisone for maintaining symptom improvement at week 52. However, it was unclear if Tavneos offered a meaningful clinical benefit over other treatments used for ANCA-AV mainly because rituximab was not used as maintenance therapy in the trial, as is currently recommended by Canadian guidelines, and there is uncertainty around the clinical meaningfulness of the differences between the treatment groups for outcomes that assessed renal function, relapse, and Short Form [36] Health Survey version 2 (SF-36v2).&#x0D; There was not enough evidence to conclude that Tavneos met patients’ needs for a treatment that reduces or eliminates the use of glucocorticoids and their side effects as well as improves their health-related quality of life (HRQoL).&#x0D;