Version Of Map Research Articles

Dam Breach Modeling and Downstream Flood Inundation Mapping Using HEC-RAS Model on the Proposed Gumara Dam, Ethiopia

This study was, therefore, taken up to dam breach modeling and downstream flood inundation mapping. To achieve this objective, the software ArcGIS Version 10.4 extension program of HEC-GeoRAS Version 10 tool was used for HEC-RAS model development, to generate modeling reach and floodplain cross-sectional geometric data and for downstream inundation mapping and HEC-RAS Version 6.3.1 tool was used for subject dam break simulation and unsteady flood routing at downstream regions. Von Thun and Gillette regression equation was selected to estimate the breach parameter and the result shows that breach bottom width is 113 m, side slope 0.5H : 1V and breach development time is 0.85 hr for overtopping and bottom width is 111 m, and side slope 0.5H : 1V and breach development time is 0.83 hr for pipping. During analysis of flood routing the peak discharge at the dam site is 19,753.68 m3/s occurred at 4 hr for overtopping and 25,128.1 m3/s at time to peak 4 hr for pipping.

Optimizing process flow diagrams to guide implementation of a colorectal cancer screening intervention in new settings

PurposeThe goal of this study was to assess acceptability of using process flow diagrams (or process maps) depicting a previously implemented evidence-based intervention (EBI) to inform the implementation of similar interventions in new settings.MethodsWe developed three different versions of process maps, each visualizing the implementation of the same multicomponent colorectal cancer (CRC) screening EBI in community health centers but including varying levels of detail about how it was implemented. Interviews with community health professionals and practitioners at other sites not affiliated with this intervention were conducted. We assessed their preferences related to the map designs, their potential utility for guiding EBI implementation, and the feasibility of implementing a similar intervention in their local setting given the information available in the process maps.ResultsEleven community health representatives were interviewed. Participants were able to understand how the intervention was implemented and engage in discussions around the feasibility of implementing this type of complex intervention in their local system. Potential uses of the maps for supporting implementation included staff training, role delineation, monitoring and quality control, and adapting the components and implementation activities of the existing intervention.ConclusionProcess maps can potentially support decision-making about the adoption, implementation, and adaptation of existing EBIs in new contexts. Given the complexities involved in deciding whether and how to implement EBIs, these diagrams serve as visual, easily understood tools to inform potential future adopters of the EBI about the activities, resources, and staffing needed for implementation.

RMX/PIccc: An Extended Person–Item Map and a Unified IRT Output for eRm, psychotools, ltm, mirt, and TAM

A constituting feature of item response models is that item and person parameters share a latent scale and are therefore comparable. The Person–Item Map is a useful graphical tool to visualize the alignment of the two parameter sets. However, the “classical” variant has some shortcomings, which are overcome by the new RMX package (Rasch models—eXtended). The package provides the RMX::plotPIccc() function, which creates an extended version of the classical PI Map, termed “PIccc”. It juxtaposes the person parameter distribution to various item-related functions, like category and item characteristic curves and category, item, and test information curves. The function supports many item response models and processes the return objects of five major R packages for IRT analysis. It returns the used parameters in a unified form, thus allowing for their further processing. The R package RMX is freely available at osf.io/n9c5r.

The derived Brauer map via twisted sheaves

Let X be a quasicompact quasiseparated scheme. The collection of derived Azumaya algebras in the sense of Toën forms a group, which contains the classical Brauer group of X and which we call textsf{Br}^dagger (X) following Lurie. Toën introduced a map phi :textsf{Br}^dagger (X)rightarrow H ^2_{acute{e }t }(X,{mathbb {G}}_{textrm{m}}) which extends the classical Brauer map, but instead of being injective, it is surjective. In this paper we study the restriction of phi to a subgroup textsf{Br}(X)subset textsf{Br}^dagger (X), which we call the derived Brauer group, on which phi becomes an isomorphism textsf{Br}(X)simeq H ^2_{acute{e }t }(X,{mathbb {G}}_{textrm{m}}). This map may be interpreted as a derived version of the classical Brauer map which offers a way to “fill the gap” between the classical Brauer group and the cohomogical Brauer group. The group textsf{Br}(X) was introduced by Lurie by making use of the theory of prestable infty -categories. There, the mentioned isomorphism of abelian groups was deduced from an equivalence of infty -categories between the Brauer space of invertible presentable prestable {{mathcal {O}}}_X-linear categories, and the space Map (X,K ({mathbb {G}}_{textrm{m}},2)). We offer an alternative proof of this equivalence of infty -categories, characterizing the functor from the left to the right via gerbes of connective trivializations, and its inverse via connective twisted sheaves. We also prove that this equivalence carries a symmetric monoidal structure, thus proving a conjecture of Binda an Porta.

Vs30 Mapping of the Greater Montreal Region Using Multiple Data Sources

The metropolitan community of Montreal (MMC) is located in Eastern Canada and included in the western Quebec seismic zone characterized by shallow crustal earthquakes and moderate seismicity. Most of the urbanized areas are settled close to the Saint-Lawrence River and its tributaries and within the region, delimiting the extension of the clay deposits from the Champlain Sea. The influence of these recent and soft deposits on seismic waves has been observed after the 1988 M5.8 Saguenay earthquake and has proven to be crucial in seismic hazard analysis. The shear-wave velocity Vs averaged over the 30 m of soil, abbreviated Vs30, is one of the most used parameters to characterize the site condition and its influence on seismic waves. Since 2000, a site condition model has been developed for the municipalities of Montreal and Laval, combining seismic and borehole data for risk mitigation purposes. The paper presents an extended version of the Vs30 mapping for the entire region of the MMC, which accounts for half of the population of Quebec, including additional ambient noise recordings, recently updated borehole datasets, geological vector map and unpublished seismic refraction data to derive Vs profiles. The estimated Vs30 values for thousands of sites are then interpolated on a regular grid of 0.01 degrees using the inverse distance weighted interpolation approach. Regions with the lowest estimated Vs30 values where site amplification could be expected on seismic waves are in the Northeastern part and in the Southwest of the MMC. The map expresses in terms of site classes is compared with intensity values derived from citizen observations after recent felt. In general, the highest reported intensity values are found in regions with the lowest Vs30 values on the map. Areas where this rule does not apply, should be investigated further. This site condition model can be used in seismic hazard and risk analysis.

Brief historical review of the geological cartography in Ecuador.

Since 1892, seven versions of the national geological map of the Republic of the Ecuador have been published. In 1892, Dr. Theodor Wolf, of the German Scientific Mission, published the 1st map which included a preliminary geomorphological description. Later, Dr. Walther Sauer with the support of the Universidad Central del Ecuador (Central University of Ecuador), published a 2nd version in 1950, and then an update in 1970, both included oil wells information. In 1969, the Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería del Ecuador (National Service of Geology and Mining of Ecuador), and Institut Français du Pétrole (French Petroleum Institute), published the 3rd version which included a mineralogical index. The 4th version was developed by the Dirección General de Geología y Minas del Ecuador (General Directorate of Geology and Mines of Ecuador) and Institute of Geological Sciences & Natural Environment Research Council, and was published in 1982, it included a geological model from a plate tectonics approach. Later, in 1993, the Corporación de Desarrollo e Investigación Geológico Minero y Metalúrgica del Ecuador (Geological, Mining and Metallurgical Research and Development Corporation of Ecuador) and the British Geological Survey published a 5th version, which included an overview of mineral occurrences on the Ecuadorian Andes. On the 21st. century, in 2001 was published the 6th version, that consisted of a reviewed national geological map, which included data transferring to the geographical information system ArcGis. Ultimately in 2017, the Instituto Nacional de Investigación Geológico Minero Metalúrgico (National Institute of Geological-Mineral-Metallurgical Research), published the 7th version, incorporating the last updated geological results of previous campaigns. Every version contributed to the understanding of the regional geodynamic framework. Nevertheless, in the last two decades, informal coding of units for the geological cartography, thrived, involving a lack of characterization and descriptions of representative outcrops, along with uncertainties on geochronological control for newly mappable defined units, reduce reliability on the national geological cartography, increasing the uncertainties for the understanding the regional geodynamic framework.

Large-scale stresses, decay of River Jamuna and resilience strategies in the Anthropocene

In the recent decades, many worlds' large rivers have been exceptionally modified by human interference. The principal objective of this study is to investigate the causes and consequences of decay of river Jamuna (distributary of river Bhagirathi-Hooghly). The entire investigation was conducted by the data of historical maps like Rennel's map of Bengal, Hunter's map, digital version of US army map, landsat satellite imageries (1980-MSS, 1990-TM, 2000-TM, 2010-ETM+ and 2020-OLI) and fluvio-hydrological study. Maximum likelihood classification algorithm was used to delineate the land use and land cover classes and Kappa based accuracy assessment indices were also used for the validation. There is no scientific work on this historically important river and afterward, millions of people are also underprivileged from this river ecosystem services due to severe degeneration. In this milieu, it is a genuine research gap. Novelty of the work is exposed the authentic causes of river decay and anthropogenic stressors. Result showed that the average width of river Jamuna has been significantly decreased whereas maximum average width of the channel was recorded in the year 1956 (319.81 m) and the present channel is flowing comparatively within narrow path (69.27 m). Rate of siltation (average rate of siltation 0.23 m/year) on channel bed has been increased due to impacts of channelization. Channel bed, natural levee and proximity floodplain have been encroached by large scale human intervention. LULC patterns showed that the urban built-up area is rapidly amplified from 2000 (22.26%) to 2020 (31.50%) whereas, agricultural and swampy land turned into built up area. Off-take of Jamuna is completely detached from the parent river Bhagirathi-Hooghly in the early 1956 and gradual anthropogenic interferences within river corridor accelerate river decaying processes. River restoration is highly required for sustainable river ecosystem health management and environmental development. Some management strategies have been recommended such as reconnecting of river Jamuna with Bhagirathi-Hooghly, dredging, decommissioning of culvert and sluice gate, cleaning of fishing pool and water hyacinth and sustainable land-use planning.

Multiplex-GAM: genome-wide identification of chromatin contacts yields insights overlooked by Hi-C

Technology for measuring 3D genome topology is increasingly important for studying gene regulation, for genome assembly and for mapping of genome rearrangements. Hi-C and other ligation-based methods have become routine but have specific biases. Here, we develop multiplex-GAM, a faster and more affordable version of genome architecture mapping (GAM), a ligation-free technique that maps chromatin contacts genome-wide. We perform a detailed comparison of multiplex-GAM and Hi-C using mouse embryonic stem cells. When examining the strongest contacts detected by either method, we find that only one-third of these are shared. The strongest contacts specifically found in GAM often involve ‘active’ regions, including many transcribed genes and super-enhancers, whereas in Hi-C they more often contain ‘inactive’ regions. Our work shows that active genomic regions are involved in extensive complex contacts that are currently underestimated in ligation-based approaches, and highlights the need for orthogonal advances in genome-wide contact mapping technologies.

Caution: shortcomings of traditional segmentation methods from magnetic resonance imaging brain scans intended for 3-dimensional surface modelling in children with pathology

This technical innovation assesses the adaptability of some common automated segmentation tools on abnormal pediatric magnetic resonance (MR) brain scans. We categorized 35 MR scans by pathologic features: (1) “normal”; (2) “atrophy”; (3) “cavity”; (4) “other.” The following three tools, (1) Computational Anatomy Toolbox version 12 (CAT12); (2) Statistical Parametic Mapping version 12 (SPM12); and (3) MRTool, were tested on each scan—with default and adjusted settings. Success was determined by radiologist consensus on the surface accuracy. Automated segmentation failed in scans demonstrating severe surface brain pathology. Segmentation of the “cavity” group was ineffective, with success rates of 23.1% (CAT12), 69.2% (SPM12) and 46.2% (MRTool), even with refined settings and manual edits. Further investigation is required to improve this workflow and automated segmentation methodology for complex surface pathology.

Development and implementation of work-oriented clinical care to empower patients with kidney disease: an adapted intervention mapping approach

BackgroundMany people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have problems to stay at work. Patients and health care professionals (HCPs) see the potential benefit of work-oriented clinical care, yet this care is not manifested in current practice. The aim of this study was to develop and implement a program called work-oriented clinical care for kidney patients (WORK) to support sustainable work participation.MethodsAn adapted version of Intervention Mapping (AIM) was used for the systematic development of work-oriented care in a hospital. Based on the needs of patients and (occupational) health professionals, and in close cooperation with both, a theoretical and empirically based program was developed. Feasibility and clinical utility were assessed among patients with CKD, HCPs and hospital managers. To increase the chances of successful implementation we focused on determinants related to the innovation, the users, the organization (hospital), and socio-political context.ResultsWe developed, implemented, and pilot-tested WORK, an innovative program consisting of a care pathway in the hospital that targets patients with work-related questions and tailors the support they receive to their needs. Several practical tools were developed and an internal and external referral structure with a focus on work was implemented. A labor expert was deployed to the hospital to support patients and HCPs with simple work-related questions. The feasibility and clinical utility of WORK were rated positively.ConclusionsThis work-oriented clinical care program provides HCPs in the hospital with the necessary tools to support patients with CKD in dealing with work challenges. HCPs can discuss work with patients at an early stage and support them in anticipating work-related challenges. HCPs can also bridge the gap to more specialized help if necessary. WORK has the potential for wider application in other departments and hospitals. So far, the implementation of the WORK program was successful, though structural implementation may be challenging.

Iterative mapping of marine ecosystems for spatial status assessment, prioritization, and decision support

South Africa has taken an iterative approach to marine ecosystem mapping over 18 years that has provided a valuable foundation for ecosystem assessment, planning and decision-making, supporting improved ecosystem-based management and protection. Iterative progress has been made in overcoming challenges faced by developing countries, especially in the inaccessible marine realm. Our aim is to report on the approach to produce and improve a national marine ecosystem map to guide other countries facing similar challenges, and to illustrate the impact of even the simplest ecosystem map. South Africa has produced four map versions, from a rudimentary map of 34 biozones informed by bathymetry data, to the latest version comprising 163 ecosystem types informed by 83 environmental and biodiversity datasets that aligns with the IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology. Data were unlocked through academic and industry collaborations; multi-disciplinary, multi-realm and multi-generational networks of practitioners; and targeted research to address key gaps. To advance toward a more transparent, reproducible and data-driven approach, limitations, barriers and opportunities for improvement were identified. Challenges included limited human and data infrastructure capacity to collate, curate and assimilate many data sources, covering a variety of ecosystem components, methods and scales. Five key lessons that are of relevance for others working to advance ecosystem classification and mapping, were distilled. These include (1) the benefits of iterative improvement; (2) the value of fostering relationships among a co-ordinated network of practitioners including early-career researchers; (3) strategically prioritizing and leveraging resources to build and curate key foundational biodiversity datasets and understand drivers of biodiversity pattern; (4) the need for developing, transferring and applying capacity and tools that enhance data quality, analytical workflows and outputs; and (5) the application of new technology and emerging statistical tools to improve the classification and prediction of biodiversity pattern. South Africa’s map of marine ecosystem types has been successfully applied in spatial biodiversity assessment, prioritization to support protected area expansion and marine spatial planning. These successes demonstrate the value of a co-ordinated network of practitioners who continually build an evidence base and iteratively improve ecosystem mapping while simultaneously growing ecological knowledge and informing changing priorities and policy.

Literary City Limits: Cognitive Mapping in Contemporary Marseille

Abstract Marseille can be thought to constitute a singular urban complex – both marginal and transitional – within a broader French territorial imaginary and political discourse. Proposing successive readings of literary works by Emmanuel Loi (Marseille amor, 2013), Sabrina Calvo (Sous la colline, 2015) and Maylis de Kerangal (Corniche Kennedy, 2008), this article examines how such works mobilize aspects of this singularity in the development of striking and occasionally ambivalent utopian problematics, reframing the city with respect to a set of vectors (both temporal and spatial) that expose the subject to the troubling horizons of both individual and collective agency. The article reflects on the specific parameters of a ‘space of possibility’ in the urban context under discussion. Moving from this localized problematic, it argues for a version of cognitive mapping that incorporates varieties of affective disposition key to the relations of reason and emotion in a utopian perspective: melancholy, curiosity and disobedience.

Efficient Image Encryption Scheme Using Novel 1D Multiparametric Dynamical Tent Map and Parallel Computing

In order to ensure reliable and secure image exchange, chaotic systems are often considered for their good performance in information security. In this work, we first propose an extended version of a chaotic tent map (TM)—the multiparametric 1D tent map (MTM). The latter contains six control parameters defined over an unlimited range. These parameters strongly influence the MTM output when they are slightly modified by ∓10−13, which makes MTM stronger than the existing TM and other 1D chaotic maps in terms of security key space. Then, this paper proposes a simple, yet powerful method to make uniform the distribution of chaotic sequence values, making the latter suitable for use in cryptosystems. Next, a new image cryptosystem is introduced based on MTM and parallel computing. This computing mode is incorporated to boost the security level of our scheme and to speed up its runtime. Indeed, in only one running round, our encryption scheme generates a security key of space equal to 1078×n with n indicating the number of the available CPU cores. Therefore, the suggested scheme achieves a good trade-off between safety and efficiency. The results of the performed comparisons and numerical experiments indicate on the one hand that MTM exhibits good chaotic characteristics in comparison to its original version. On the other hand, the suggested cryptosystem demonstrates good strength against various kinds of attacks (brute force, statistical, classical, noise, differential, etc.). Furthermore, comparison with similar schemes indicate that the proposed scheme is competitive in terms of execution time and superior in terms of security level.

Биомная дифференциация российской Арктики

The article discusses various aspects of the biome division of the Russian Arctic and its significance for assessing climatic and anthropogenic changes in ecosystems. Different authors base the biome differentiation of the Arctic on the zonal-provincial principle, which takes into account the latitudinal temperature gradient and the meridional gradient of the continentality of the climate. As a result, from 6 to 20 or more biomes are allocated directly for the Russian Arctic to assess conveniently biodiversity, the response of ecosystems to climate change, to form a representative network of protected natural areas, etc. To characterize the climate and biodiversity, the authors use the schemes of biome division of the Russian Arctic, presented on the existing versions of maps of Russian biomes [10; 18]. They give quantitative characteristics of biomes that are important in relation to the regulation of economic activity and optimization of the territorial protection of biota and ecosystems in the Arctic.

Chaotic saddles and interior crises in a dissipative nontwist system.

We consider a dissipative version of the standard nontwist map. Nontwist systems present a robust transport barrier, called the shearless curve, that becomes the shearless attractor when dissipation is introduced. This attractor can be regular or chaotic depending on the control parameters. Chaotic attractors can undergo sudden and qualitative changes as a parameter is varied. These changes are called crises, and at an interior crisis the attractor suddenly expands. Chaotic saddles are nonattracting chaotic sets that play a fundamental role in the dynamics of nonlinear systems; they are responsible for chaotic transients, fractal basin boundaries, and chaotic scattering, and they mediate interior crises. In this work we discuss the creation of chaotic saddles in a dissipative nontwist system and the interior crises they generate. We show how the presence of two saddles increases the transient times and we analyze the phenomenon of crisis induced intermittency.

Agrogenic Soils on the Updated Version of the Soil Map of Russia, 1 : 2.5 M Scale: Classification Diversity and Place in the Soil Cover

Usually, soils changed by farming (agrogenic soils) are not shown on small-scale maps, including the Soil Map of the Russian Federation, 1 : 2.5 M scale (1988). One of the issues of the map updating performed by the Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute is the inclusion of agrogenic soils into the map contents and representation of some of the former native soils as agrogenic soils on the updated map. Preliminarily, all native soils shown on the map have been reclassified into the new Russian soil classification system. Agrogenic soils in this system are separated as agrosoils in different orders and as a specific order of agrozems. Agrogenic soils have been identified in the soil polygons in agreement with the map showing the percentage of arable land in Russia linked to the polygons of the soil map. We have identified the classification position of the initial native soils involved in arable farming. Overall, 114 legend units representing agrosoils and agrozems have been identified. This number is dictated by the diversity of native soils subjected to the agrogenic impact and their agrogenic modifications. Agrogenic soils on the updated map are shown in 4813 polygons out of the total of 25711 map polygons. Chernozems are characterized by the greatest diversity of agrosoils and the largest number of polygons containing various agrochernozems. The order of texture-differentiated soils is also rich in agrogenic soils, both agrosoils and agrozems. Arable soils initially belonging to the order of Al–Fe-humus soils are present in a relatively small number of polygons and are only represented by Al–Fe-humus agrozems. The number of polygons with participation of agrogenic soils and their proportion in the soil cover illustrate geographical patterns of their distribution, in particular, homogenous or mosaic distribution patterns in the areas of different soil orders.

Agrogenic Soils on the Updated Version of the Soil Map of Russia, 1 : 2.5 M Scale: Classification Diversity and Position in the Soil Cover

Agrogenic Soils on the Updated Version of the Soil Map of Russia, 1 : 2.5 M Scale: Classification Diversity and Position in the Soil Cover

Did You Get That? Predicting Learners' Comprehension of a Video Lecture from Visualizations of Their Gaze Data.

In online lectures, unlike in face-to-face lectures, teachers lack access to (nonverbal) cues to check if their students are still "with them" and comprehend the lecture. The increasing availability of low-cost eye-trackers provides a promising solution. These devices measure unobtrusively where students look and can visualize these data to teachers. These visualizations might inform teachers about students' level of "with-me-ness" (i.e., do students look at the information that the teacher is currently talking about) and comprehension of the lecture, provided that (1) gaze measures of "with-me-ness" are related to comprehension, (2) people not trained in eye-tracking can predict students' comprehension from gaze visualizations, (3) we understand how different visualization techniques impact this prediction. We addressed these issues in two studies. In Study 1, 36 students watched a video lecture while being eye-tracked. The extent to which students looked at relevant information and the extent to which they looked at the same location as the teacher both correlated with students' comprehension (score on an open question) of the lecture. In Study 2, 50 participants watched visualizations of students' gaze (from Study 1), using six visualization techniques (dynamic and static versions of scanpaths, heatmaps, and focus maps) and were asked to predict students' posttest performance and to rate their ease of prediction. We found that people can use gaze visualizations to predict learners' comprehension above chance level, with minor differences between visualization techniques. Further research should investigate if teachers can act on the information provided by gaze visualizations and thereby improve students' learning.

Functional Correlates of Striatal Dopamine Transporter Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Preliminary 18F-FDG PET/CT Study

The aim of our study was to investigate regional glucose metabolism with 18F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography in a population of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in relation to cerebrospinal (CSF) levels of striatal dopamine transporter (DAT). All patients underwent lumbar puncture and received a biomarker-based diagnosis of AD. Differences in regional brain glucose metabolism were assessed by Statistical Parametric Mapping version 12 with the use of age, gender, and MMSE as covariates in the analysis. A positive correlation between CSF DAT levels and glucose metabolism at the level of two brain areas involved in the pathophysiological process of Alzheimer's disease, the substantia nigra and the posterior cingulate gyrus, has been highlighted. Results indicate that patients with higher CSF DAT levels have a better metabolic pattern in two key zones, suggesting less advanced disease status in patients with more conserved dopaminergic systems.

A Certificateless Provable Data Possession Scheme for Cloud-Based EHRs

Electronic health records (EHRs: digital collections of patient health status and diagnosis) are generally shared, analyzed and stored on cloud servers. One operational challenge is to ensure that EHRs are stored correctly, for example using provable data possession (PDP). Seeking to contribute to the literature, we propose a certificateless PDP scheme for cloud-based EHRs. In our scheme, we distribute multiple copies of EHRs on different cloud servers to allow for corrupted EHRs to be recoverable from other intact copies. The scheme is also designed to resist copy-summation attack which assures that cloud servers are storing EHRs honestly. In our approach, EHRs are stored in ciphertext form so that only authorized users can decrypt and gain access to the information. We also design a new data structure – map version marker table (MVMT) – for block-level dynamic operations and data traceability. Specifically, MVMT allows an authorized doctor to access historical EHRs to inform their diagnosis and decision-making. The security and performance analyses show that our scheme is secure (assuming the intractability of the computational Diffie-Hellman problem) and is practical to support cloud-based EHR applications.