Verification Of Compatibility Research Articles

Exploring the Applicability of Level 1 (L1) Blockchains in E-Learning Systems

This paper presents a study on the applicability of blockchain technology in an e-learning system. The technical characteristics and operational costs of using blockchain technology were examined and evaluated to select the appropriate technology for a specific e-learning platform. A comparative analysis of leading Level 1 (L1) blockchain platforms was conducted, focusing on four main metrics: average block generation time, transaction cost, transaction finalization time, and chain throughput measured in transactions per second for each chain. The objective is to assess and compare key parameters that are crucial when choosing a specific blockchain for recording information under real-world conditions in e-learning systems. Methods for analyzing publicly available information were applied, combined with verification of data compatibility and consistency from various sources.

Verification of Interface Compatibility Between Pcdu And High-power Hall Electric Propulsion

For the application of high power Hall electric propulsion system on satellites, a newly developed Power Control and Distribution Unit (PCDU) is applied which owns high voltage and high power. It is used to adjust the power of the solar array and battery to form a fully regulated 100V bus. Then the bus power is delivered to the Power Processing Unit (PPU). To verify the interface compatibility between the PCDU and the PPU load, as well as the rationality of the power supply architecture design, an integrated test of PCDU and PPU has been conducted. The test results shows that the compatibility meets the requirement.

The role of MgO on physical and bioactive properties of borophosphate glasses for biomedical applications

In this work, a novel series of borophosphate glasses of the system 40B2O3–25P2O5–(20-x)Na2O–15CaF2–xMgO (x = 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 mol%) were synthesized using the melt-quenching technique. The effect of replacing Na2O with MgO in the glasses was analyzed by the physical and bioactive properties. The glasses were characterized by density, molar volume, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential thermal analysis (DTA), bioactivity tests in simulated body fluid (SBF), pH measurements, mass loss, and verification of cellular compatibility in RAW 247 murine macrophages. XRD and FTIR analyses were performed before and after immersion in SBF to verify the bioactivity. Density, molar volume and FTIR results before SBF showed structural changes in the glasses due to the addition of MgO. The pH and mass loss measurements allowed to verify the degradation behavior of the glass series as a function of MgO concentration. The DTA data showed an increase in Tg, Tx, and thermal stability due to the increase in MgO addition. XRD and FTIR analyses after SBF soaking showed superficial formation of apatites and other calcium phosphates of biological interest in the samples, attesting the bioactivity. Cytotoxicity assessed by MTT assay on the cell line RAW 247 showed that at a concentration of 500 μg/mL all glasses were compatible (non-cytotoxic). The results suggest that the synthesized glasses are bioactive, with the sample containing 5 mol% MgO exhibiting the bioactivity and biocompatibility required for biomaterial applications.

A Simple and Optimal Algorithm for Strict Circular Seriation

Recently, Armstrong, Guzmán, and Sing Long [SIAM J. Math. Data Sci., 3 (2021), pp. 1223–1250] presented an optimal time algorithm for strict circular seriation (called also the recognition of strict quasi-circular Robinson spaces). In this paper, we give a very simple time algorithm for computing a compatible circular order for strict circular seriation. When the input space is not known to be strict quasi-circular Robinson, our algorithm is complemented by an time verification of compatibility of the returned order. This algorithm also works for recognition of other types of strict circular Robinson spaces known in the literature. We also prove that the circular Robinson dissimilarities (which are defined by the existence of compatible orders on one of the two arcs between each pair of points) are exactly the pre-circular Robinson dissimilarities (which are defined by a four-point condition).

A pyroshock signal characterization method based on shock-waveform dictionary

In space engineering, devices (including products) need to work in pyroshock environments during their complete service life. The verification of the full compatibility of vulnerable devices with the pyroshock environment is necessary. Shock response spectrum (SRS) as the current shock specification tool in space engineering has many limitations. However, an SRS curve may be associated with different pyroshock signals that can cause different effects. Therefore, there is a great need to develop characterization methods for pyroshock signals. In this paper, the shock-feature relevant waveform is used as the basis function to approximate pyroshock signals. A parametric dictionary design method is proposed using a random search strategy, in which the designed dictionaries are close to equiangular tight frames. The pyroshock approximation problem is turned into a multi-objective optimization problem and solved by a modified convolutional sparse coding algorithm. Reconstructed signals approach pyroshock not only in the time domain but also in the SRS domain. Parameters of shock-waveforms can be used for pyroshock characterization, simplification, comparison and tracking. The superiority of the proposed methods is validated by the analyses of a pyroshock signal measured in-flight.

Use of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum for dairy and non-dairy fermented products

In this study, two strains of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v and CCDM 181 were tested for their ability to grow in milk and soy beverage, for stability during cold storage of fermented beverages, compatibility with yoghurt culture and activity against yeasts. Both strains grew better in soy drink compared to milk. During co-culturing with the yoghurt culture, sufficient acidification of milk and soy beverage necessary for the production of fermented products was achieved. The stability of tested strains in media at pH 4.5 for 28 days at 5 °C was good. L. plantarum was effective in the inhibition of undesirable yeast growth, but the ability was strain-specific. Tested strains demonstrated also a strain-specific ability to suppress the growth of yoghurt culture bacteria. For a possible application of co-culturing L. plantarum with the yoghurt culture, verification of the mutual compatibility of specific strains is necessary.

Proteome-Wide Mapping and Reverse Vaccinology Approaches to Design a Multi-Epitope Vaccine against Clostridium perfringens.

C. perfringens is a highly versatile bacteria of livestock and humans, causing enteritis (a common food-borne illness in humans), enterotoxaemia (in which toxins are formed in the intestine which damage and destroy organs, i.e., the brain), and gangrene (wound infection). There is no particular cure for the toxins of C. perfringens. Supportive care (medical control of pain, intravenous fluids) is the standard treatment. Therefore, a multiple-epitope vaccine (MEV) should be designed to battle against C. perfringens infection. Furthermore, the main objective of this in silico investigation is to design an MEV that targets C. perfringens. For this purpose, we selected the top three proteins that were highly antigenic using immuno-informatics approaches, including molecular docking. B-cells, IFN-gamma, and T cells for target proteins were predicted and the most conserved epitopes were selected for further investigation. For the development of the final MEV, epitopes of LBL5, CTL17, and HTL13 were linked to GPGPG, AAY, and KK linkers. The vaccine N-end was joined to an adjuvant through an EAAK linker to improve immunogenicity. After the attachment of linkers and adjuvants, the final construct was 415 amino acids. B-cell and IFN-gamma epitopes demonstrate that the model structure is enhanced for humoral and cellular immune responses. To validate the immunogenicity and safety of the final construct, various physicochemical properties, and other properties such as antigenicity and non-allergens, were evaluated. Furthermore, molecular docking was carried out for verification of vaccine compatibility with the receptor, evaluated in silico. Also, in silico cloning was employed for the verification of the proper expression and credibility of the construct.

Verification of Glyphosate Resistance, Lepidopteran Resistance and Wide Compatibility of Male Sterile Line E1C4008S in Rice

Weeds and insect pests are two important biotic stresses resulting in yield loss in rice, and wide compatibility is the essential characteristic of breeding inter-subspecific hybrid rice. This study focused on glyphosate resistance, lepidopteran resistance and wide compatibility as well as identification of molecular and some agronomic characteristics of transgenic male sterile line E1C4008S. The results indicated that glyphosate resistance gene Epsps# and lepidopteran resistance gene Cry1ca# were transferred into japonica wide compatibility male sterile line 4008S by Agrobacterium-mediated method, and four independent transformation events named E1C4008S-1, E1C4008S-2, E1C4008S-3 and E1C4008S-4 were obtained, in which E1C4008S-3 and E1C4008S-4 were of single copy insertion. The EPSPS protein contents of E1C4008S-3 and E1C4008S-4 in different organs were significantly different both in descending order of leaf>stem>root, and ranged from 300.58 to 1410.69μg/g at the tillering stage. The glyphosate tolerable concentration (dosage) of E1C4008S-3 and E1C4008S-4 reached at least 16g/L (54.42kg/hm2), and the seeds of E1C4008S-4 can germinate normally on the medium containing 1g/L glyphosate. The CRY1C protein contents of E1C4008S-3 and E1C4008S-4 in different organs were significantly different both in descending order of leaf>stem>root, and ranged from 0.62 to 2.43μg/g at the tillering stage. The larvae mortalities of rice leaf rollers fed on leaves of E1C4008S-3 and E1C4008S-4 for 5 d were 95.35% and 97.77%, respectively, while the average mortalities of silkworms fed with protein extracts from leaves of E1C4008S-3 and E1C4008S-4 reached 94.55% and 83.64%, respectively. The results suggested that wide compatibility and evaluated agronomic traits of E1C4008S-4 were not significantly changed by insertion of the exogenous genes. Overall, a novel male sterile germplasm with glyphosate resistance, lepidopteran resistance and wide compatibility was verified to be developed in rice.

Experiment and Analysis for Air-to-Ground Channel in 400 MHz Band

Background/ Objectives: Recently, air-to-ground wireless communication systems have been used in various equipment such as unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). In this paper, we analyze the air-to-ground channel in 400 MHz band with experiment using light aircraft. Methods/ Statistical analysis: The characteristics of the air-to-ground channel are analyzed as follows. We generate and store a pilot signal in commercial vector signal generator and an aircraft equipped with the signal generator takes off. As a pilot signal, Zadoff-Chu sequence is used for its good autocorrelation characteristics. In the ground station, the received waveform is stored by using spectrum analyzer. When an airplane approaches near the ground station, airplane transmits the pilot signal and the ground station begins to store the received signals. After completing the signal storing, air-to-ground channel analysis is performed. Findings: From the experiments, we obtained several hundreds of received waveforms, and those waveforms are used for statistical air-to-ground channel analysis. According to the analysis results, most of the measurement channels are single path or line of sight channels. However, in a certain measurement, multiple paths or non-line of sight channels are observed. Those results confirm that multipath environments exist at certain air-to-ground condition. The maximum number of multipath components is 4 and the maximum delay spread is 0.4 μsec. Therefore, when designing a wireless communication system considering air-to-ground environments, the design should consider 4-path fading channels and maximum delay spread over 0.4 μsec. When designing air-to-ground wireless communication systems such as aircraft and drone systems, the experimental and analyzed channels in this paper might be useful. Improvements/ Applications: In this paper, we analyze the air-to-ground channel characteristics of a mountainous area in Korea with field experiment using light aircraft. The analyzed channel characteristics are helpful to those who want to design wireless communication systems between aircraft to ground or UAV to ground. In addition, the analyzed channel can be used for verification of compatibility for the existing communication systems to air-to-ground applications.

Modelling System of Systems Interface Contract Behaviour

A key challenge in System of Systems (SoS) engineering is the analysis and maintenance of global properties under SoS evolution, and the integration of new constituent elements. There is a need to model the constituent systems composing a SoS in order to allow the analysis of emergent behaviours at the SoS boundary. The Contract pattern allows the engineer to specify constrained behaviours to which constituent systems are required to conform in order to be a part of the SoS. However, the Contract pattern faces some limitations in terms of its accessibility and suitability for verifying contract compatibility. To address these deficiencies, we propose the enrichment of the Contract pattern, which hitherto has been defined using SysML and the COMPASS Modelling Language (CML), by utilising SysML and Object Constraint Language (OCL). In addition, we examine the potential of interface automata, a notation for improving loose coupling between interfaces of constituent systems defined according to the contract, as a means of enabling the verification of contract compatibility. The approach is demonstrated using a case study in audio/video content streaming.

Computational analysis of 'Dose/Collision Kerma' relationship and lateral boundary in Stereotatic circular fields using EGSnrc.

Objectives: This work aimed to obtain data from small fields of X-rays that evidence of the hypotheses cited as cause of difficulties for the dosimetry of these. For this purpose, the verification of compatibility between the dosimetric boundary of field and the geometric size of field, was performed. Also was made, the verification of kerma dose according to the expected relationship for conventional fields. Materials and Methods: Computer simulations of smaller fields 5x5 cm² were performed using the Monte Carlo method by egs_chamber application, this derived from EGSnrc radiation transport code. As particulate sources were used phase space files of a Clinac 2100 head model coupled to cones Stereotactic Radiosurgery. Results: The simulations suggested the existence of a plateau in discrepancies between the dose FWHM and the nominal diameter of the field close to 8%. These simulations also indicated a decrease of these values for fields with diameters smaller than 12 mm and larger than 36 mm. Simultaneously, the dose kerma differences in depth reached values higher than 14% in the case where the phenomenon is more significant. Conclusion: The data showed that in fact the behavior of small fields clashes with that expected for conventional fields, and that the traditional dosimetric conventions do not apply to such fields requiring a specialized approach to the techniques that employ them. Furthermore, the existence of the aforementioned plateau of discrepancies, along with the decrease thereof in less than 15 mm diameter fields constitute a remarkable finding.

Analysing timed compatibility of web service choreography

Web services has become the most mature implementation of the service oriented computing (SOC) paradigm. The verification of behavioural compatibility is then necessary to ensure correct composition of services, which depends not only on qualitative properties such as absence of deadlock but also on some quantitative properties related to performance. Most of the proposed approaches verify the composition in service orchestration modelling. However, service choreography is more collaborative in nature and describes direct interactions between services. Although many existing approaches use Petri nets (PNs) and Colored PNs (CPNs) to analyse behavioural compatibility, few of them explore time constraints. We propose to model service interactions in a choreography with timed CPNs and perform automatic verification and simulation using CPN tools. We evaluate our approach with a case study from the Algerian e-Government, where we show how to verify global time constraints for the renewal of biometric passports.

TSI 인증기준에 따른 유럽 표준형 자동복합연결기 헤드의 설계적합성 검증 연구

국내 철도안전법의 형식승인 제도는 2014년도에 시행되어 현재 차량분야부터 순차적으로 기술기준이 고시되고 있다. 형식승인 제도의 인증 대상품은 철도차량과 철도용품으로 구분되며, 형식승인 제도에서는 기존 인증제도와는 다르게 설계적합성 검증, 설계합치성 검증, 형식시험 검사의 순서로 설계에 대한 입증이 요구되고 있으며, 이는 TSI 인증 등 전세계의 인증 제도와 부합화된 내용이다. 본 연구에서는 유럽 표준형 자동복합연결기 시스템을 구성하는 하부시스템 중 연결기 헤드에 대하여 국내 철도안전법 형식승인 제도와 TSI 기준의 요구사항을 도출하고 그 중에서 설계적합성 검증 항목을 분류하였다. 분류된 34개의 설계적합성 검증항목 중 32개는 도면 및 기술검토서를 통해 검증하였으며, 분석이 필요한 2개의 항목에 대하여 연결범위 분석 및 강도해석을 수행함으로써 유럽 표준형 자동복합연결기 헤드가 국내외 기술기준 및 규격의 요구사항에 적합하게 설계되었음을 확인하였다. The type approval system of the railway safety law, which was enforced in 2014, has been preferentially applied to the field of railway vehicles. The type approval system addresses railway vehicles and railway constituents. Unlike the previous system, it requires serial verification stages divided, in consecutive order, into verification of design compatibility and conformity and type test. These stages are in accord with international certification systems including TSI certification of the European commission. This study has been carried out to find and meet the design requirements for a coupler head, which is a part of the automatic coupler system; requirements were drawn from TSI and technical specifications that are subordinate to the domestic railway approval system. Through this study, it has been found that there exist 34 design requirements to acquire a complete coupler head. Among those requirements, 32 were verified by document inspection and two were able to be verified by performing FEA and gathering range analysis data.

Bonding of zero-shrink LTCC with alumina ceramics

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on a description of reliable bonding technique of zero-shrink low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) and alumina ceramics. LTCC is widely used for manufacturing electrical systems in 3D configuration. LTCC substrates were so far bonded with alumina ceramics using additional adhesive layers with subsequent firing or curing cycle. With the advent of the zero-shrink LTCC substrates, it is now possible to bond unfired substrates with other fired substrates, for example fired LTCC or alumina substrates. Alumina substrate in combination with LTCC brings advantages of good thermal conductivity for usage in heating elements or packaging. Design/methodology/approach – The test structure contains a thick-film pattern for verification of the compatibility of the bonding process. We have used two methods for bonding the substrates: cold chemical lamination (CCL) and thermo compression method, using a dielectric thick-film paste as the adhesive. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electric testing of the screen-printed patterns were used for verification of the bonding quality. Findings – The thermo-compression method gave poor results in comparison with the CCL method. The best quality of lamination was achieved at room temperature combined with low pressure for both types of bonding materials. In addition, a possibility of using this bonding method for sensor fabrication was investigated. The ceramic pressure sensor samples with a cavity were created. Originality/value – The possibility of bonding two different ceramic materials was investigated. A new approach to ceramic bonding showed promising results with possible use in sensors.

Enfoque metodológico para la construcción de una Geobase como apoyo a la investigación en agricultura y recursos naturales

Geospatial databases are a central part in applications and projects within the context of research in agriculture and natural resources. Performing operations with geographic information systems and with software for the enhancement, display or analysis of geographic data and information contained in digital maps, satellite images and aerial photographs generate results which are inserted within geospatial databases. These repositories are the core of geo-based applications, in particular, those related with a variety of research topics. Each system manages geospatial databases according to its own data model, and performs specific database management functions according to the procedures requested by users. A data model is an essential tool either for software developers or for users. A data model assists in the comprehension, at different levels of depth and detail, of the contents, organization and capabilities of databases, as well as to the comprehension of software restrictions and functionalities required to access the data. Current commercial informatics technology is designed for relational which are the most common types in use; in general this technology is not oriented to the needs of geospatial databases.Relational databases are the most common data repositories in managerial or business applications. In these databases the DBMS or data base management system is based on the relational model, a formal prescription for the organization and structure of data introduced in the 1970s by E. F. Codd. The relational model and the associated Structured Query Language (SQL) are recognized standards for relational databases. Thus, relational DBMS all are based on a common data model which means that at the logical and at the user levels the data are seen through a same lens, which facilitates data exchange among systems and users. Object databases are oriented towards applications where data are inherently more complex than relational tables, such as the data in digital maps. There is no standard object data model, but basic object-oriented concepts for structuring and relating objects such as aggregation, semantic links and the inheritance of properties are commonplace.Following recommendations by the Open Geospatial Consortium, some proprietary database management systems have included in recent years basic constructs to manage geospatial information. Anyway most database management systems, relational or otherwise, do not make public how they manage the internal storage of data items nor how the manipulation functionalities are implemented, since these are trade secrets.The lack of standards for geospatial databases makes the exchange, sharing and reutilization of results among diverse applications and among different users a very tedious process. Normally manual user intervention is required and the task is made difficult and prone to errors because many geographic information producers do not provide sufficient concise descriptive data (metadata) about the results of their work. Most systems offer export/import functions to move geospatial data to/from other systems, but the verification of compatibility for appropriate use of the data is left to the user. She is made responsible for correction or modification of aspects which are significant regarding the applicability of processes or functions. These aspects include file format compatibilities or cartographic projections which when misunderstood lead to repetitive and accumulative errors, with a negative impact on the quality of end products.Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research in Geomatics is present in many organizations and institutions worldwide. The objective of the research and development project reported here was to analyze ways to gather in a unique repository geospatial information products to be shared among the group of people working within the research line “Geomatics Applied to the Study and Management of Natural Resources and Agrosystems” of the Colegio de Postgraduados. In the medium term the repository should be able to support decision making using products derived from the research of this group.This article refers to the methodology to build the geospatial database “GeoBase-L9”, which facilitates the construction of the repository and the exchange of geographical products among users. We present the part of the methodology that is based on our own metadata schema which adheres to Mexican national standards which in turn follow international standards. The methodology has allowed the implementation of a pilot version to visualize via web the items that have been input to the GeoBase-L9 and also check the research products offered to the user.

Analysis and Characterization of Paleosoil: A Preliminary Study and Possible Applications in Forensic Archaeology

This paper presents the results of analysis conducted on soil samples collected on the Isola delle Statue in Porto Marghera (Venice, Italy). The analyses were aimed at the mineralogical – petrographic characterization and evaluation of the possible presence of layers of a paleo soil (Neolithic age). For the characterization of the sediments have been used different techniques of microscopy, including the plating of the finer fraction of the samples with liquid paraffin and glycole on slide. This partial-destructive technique has allowed us to detect the presence of pollen and biotic remains sometimes undetected in preparations in thin section of the same. The techniques of optical microscopy has been associated with analysis by XRD - Method of powder. The combined application of these techniques and analytical methods of optical and diffractometric has a permission to obtain satisfactory results in terms of archaeological characterization. Indeed, the presence of smectite detected by XRD - Method of powder, associated with the presence of detected biotic remains pollen and plant on sample plating, has a permission to highlight the presence of a layer of paleo soil. In this preliminary study, it is seen, therefore, that the method of plating on a glass slide and the study of smectite can be of great help in forensic archaeological investigation for the verification of compatibility and discrimination of traces of soil.

Prediction and Verification of Compatibility of MMT Nanofiller in PA6 Matrix

This contribution deals about study of mechanical properties and compatibility between PA6 polymer as matrix and modified and unmodified montmorillonite clay nanofiller Cloisite. For this purposes in the first part of study the Hamaker constants, Adhesion work and B parameter for systems PA6/Cloisite 30B, PA6/Cloisite 93A and Pa6/Cloisite Na+ were calculated and compared. The second part of article consists of mechanical tests (tensile test, impact test) of moulded samples and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) study of these samples.

Performance based building design to ensure building quality: from standardization to LEAN construction

The discipline of architectural design is influenced by the standardization activities concerning the construction and the development of tools for the coordination in the design process such as Building Information Modeling. The two disciplines contribute reciprocally to the achievement of the overall quality of the building process. To do so, it is strategic to develop researches on the following aspects: - definition of frameworks for the connection of the building system requirements to space and technology unit that defines it; - development of an inventory of interoperable and compliant technical solutions; - implementation of the discipline of model checking for project validation; and methodologies of comparison between intervention models; - implementation of collaborative environments for verification of compatibility between programs and regulations in order to identify the optimal design solution.

High Voltage Testing of ITER Prototype Axial Breaks

Axial insulation breaks are needed in forced cooled cryogenic high voltage devices like fusion magnets for the separation of the high voltage area from the grounded pipe system. For the verification of the ITER requirement compatibility, a special type test series was defined for a set of cryogenic and room temperature prototype axial breaks. This paper gives an overview of high voltage type tests performed on a set of 5 cryogenic breaks and 3 room temperature breaks designed and manufactured by Babcock Noell. Direct voltage, alternating voltage, and impulse voltage tests were performed to reproduce in an economic way the different voltage loads during current operation, fast discharge, and fault events. In addition, for 2 cryogenic breaks, Paschen tightness was demonstrated at 35 kV DC.

The Sleeve-Cap Part Drafting Method of the General-Purpose Sleeve Pattern and the Verification of Compatibility

This study devised and drew custom sleeve patterns by using a regression equation with the data from 7 models along with the sleeve that was slightly modified to make the general-purpose sleeve pattern. To devise a general-purpose sleeve pattern, the sleeve pattern was drawn as an object for comparison by applying the Bunka drafting system (sleeve pattern by the Bunka drafting system) to the basic upper garment. Actual sleeves, made by using the three types of patterns above, were created and tested by models. Next, 30 panel members participated in a sight test of the compatibility of the sleeves to examine the validity of the sleeve drafting method acquired using the regression equation. The test proved that the custom sleeve pattern and the general-purpose sleeve pattern were more suitable for the characteristics of arm structures. Thus, the new sleeve-cap part drafting method using the regression equation was shown to have validity. As a result, since a very significant correlation was obtained for the body measurement figures and the basic pattern of the adequate basic pattern of the sleeves, this study concludes that it is possible to come up with primary data that can be widely used by increasing the number of subjects.