Industrial Verification Research Articles

Recent advancements in meat traceability, authenticity verification, and voluntary certification systems

The growing demand for transparency in the food industry has led to significant advancements in meat traceability. Ensuring the authenticity and origin of meat products is critical for consumer trust, public health, and compliance with regulations. This paper reviews recent innovations in meat traceability, with a focus on blockchain technology as a novel approach to ensuring traceability. Additionally, advanced methods for verifying meat authenticity and origin, such as isotope fingerprinting, DNA analysis, and spectroscopic methods, are discussed. The role of voluntary certification schemes in enhancing traceability and authenticity verification in the meat industry is also explored. The findings highlight the importance of integrating cutting-edge technologies and certification schemes to build a robust and transparent meat supply chain.

321 Applying lessons learnt from engineering control containment verification in pharmaceutical and chemical industry

321 Applying lessons learnt from engineering control containment verification in pharmaceutical and chemical industry

Energy conservation and consumption reduction in grinding operations through ceramic media stirring mill: An industrial validation test

This paper demonstrates the feasibility of using a ceramic medium stirring mill to reduce the energy consumption of grinding operations through an industrial verification experiment. Compared with the original two-stage ball milling process, the cost of grinding power consumption is significantly reduced by about 50.16%, which provides a reference for the subsequent research on energy saving and consumption reduction in ball milling operations. The optimal grinding parameters were determined to be grinding concentration of 50%, material ball ratio of 0.6, 3:2:5 media ratio (10:15:20 mm) of 3:2:5, medium filling rate of 90%, as well as stirring speed of 110 rpm. Under the optimum grinding parameters, an iron concentrate with an iron grade of 68.18% and an iron recovery rate of 94.17% were obtained by two-stage magnetic separation. The successful case of ceramic medium stirring mill replacing two-stage ball grinding provides a feasible solution for energy conservation and consumption reduction in mines in China.

Brief review of classical Effort Estimation models for Software development projects

A critical synthesis on the most representative models for software development project effort estimation is provided. This work is a basis for a discussion about the methodological and practical challenges which entail the effort estimation field, specially in the mathematical/statistical modelling fundamentals, and its empirical verification in the software industry.

Failure mechanism and stability control of surrounding rock in mining roadway with gentle slope and close distance

In this study, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field measurement were adopted to analyze the difficult problem of controlling the stability of surrounding rock in gently inclined and close-distance coal seam mining roadways. The results showed that: (1) According to the properties and stress environment of the roadway roof, to determine the specific spatial range of the original roof stage, transition stage and regeneration roof stage of the roadway, and corresponding to the distribution of plastic zones in the spatial stages, was an important basis for analyzing the deformation mechanism of the roadway and proposing a phased collaborative control plan. (2) Under the influence of mining, the plastic zone of the transportation roadway expanded violently by about 10 m ahead of the working face. Within the range of roadway passing the overlying goaf, the plastic zone of the surrounding rock between the layers runed through, especially extending to the roof and two shoulder corners of the roadway. The roof and two shoulder corners of the roadway became the key parts for the stability control of the surrounding rock. (3) The mechanical mechanism of asymmetric expansion of the plastic zone was obtained as follows: the range was determined by the magnitude of the deviatoric stress and the orientation was dominated by the direction of the principal stress. The combined effect of the magnitude of deviatoric stress and the angle of principal stress caused asymmetric expansion of the plastic zone. (4) A phased collaborative control scheme was proposed, and numerical simulation and industrial verification were carried out on the proposed scheme. The deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway at the engineering site was less than 150 mm, and the control effect of the surrounding rock was good, ensuring the safe and efficient recovery of the fully mechanized mining face. The present study revealed the mechanical mechanism of failure and instability of the surrounding rock of the gently inclined close distance coal seam mining roadway and proposed a phased collaborative control scheme, which could provide valuable information for mining research.

Enhanced-Deep-Residual-Shrinkage-Network-Based Voiceprint Recognition in the Electric Industry

Voiceprint recognition can extract voice features and identity the speaker through the voice information, which has great application prospects in personnel identity verification and voice dispatching in the electric industry. The traditional voiceprint recognition algorithms work well in a quiet environment. However, noise interference inevitably exists in the electric industry, degrading the accuracy of traditional voiceprint recognition algorithms. In this paper, we propose an enhanced deep residual shrinkage network (EDRSN)-based voiceprint recognition by combining the traditional voiceprint recognition algorithms with deep learning (DL) in the context of the noisy electric industry environment, where a dual-path convolution recurrent network (DPCRN) is employed to reduce the noise, and its structure is also improved based on the deep residual shrinkage network (DRSN). Moreover, we further use a convolutional block attention mechanism (CBAM) module and a hybrid dilated convolution (HDC) in the proposed EDRSN. Simulation results show that the proposed network can enhance the speaker’s vocal features and further distinguish and eliminate the noise features, thus reducing the noise influence and achieving better recognition performance in a noisy electric environment.

Quality-Related Process Monitoring and Diagnosis of Hot-Rolled Strip Based on Weighted Statistical Feature KPLS.

Rolling is the main process in steel production. There are some problems in the rolling process, such as insufficient ability of abnormal detection and evaluation, low accuracy of process monitoring, and fault diagnosis. To improve the accuracy of quality-related fault diagnosis, this paper proposes a quality-related process monitoring and diagnosis method for hot-rolled strip based on weighted statistical feature KPLS. Firstly, the process-monitoring and diagnosis model of strip thickness and quality based on the KPLS method is introduced. Then, considering that the KPLS diagnosis method ignores the contribution of process variables to quality, it is easy to misjudge the root cause of quality in the diagnosis process. Based on the rolling mechanism model, the influence weight of strip thickness is constructed. By weighing the statistical data features, a quality diagnosis framework of series structure data fusion is constructed. Finally, the method is applied to the 1580 mm hot-rolling process for industrial verification. The verification results show that the proposed method has higher diagnostic accuracy than PLS, KPLS, and other methods. The results show that the diagnostic model based on weighted statistical feature KPLS has a diagnostic accuracy of more than 96% for strip thickness and quality-related faults.

Using simulation to design tool for pressing of hollow profiles from aluminum alloys

In order to simulate the pressing of hollow profiles made from aluminum alloys, the previously developed design algorithms for the pressing tool and the QForm software were utilized. The objective of this study was to enhance the quality and decrease the design timeintervals for pressing tools used in the industrial production of aluminum alloy profiles. A novel design procedure for a combined tool, along with the technology of semi-continuous pressing with welded hollow profiles made from aluminum alloys, was proposed. This was achieved using the QForm software, which enables efficient calculations and adjustments of pressing parameters and tool geometry through a dialog interface. The developed algorithm and design procedures enable the drawing of hollow profiles, technological calculations of pressing parameters, selection of a suitable horizontal hydraulic press, matrix and splitter design, determination of strength parameters, assessment of equipment load, and preparation of working drawings for the pressing tool. In order to validate the effectiveness of the design procedure, it was applied to typical hollow profiles fabricated on a commercial scale. Two variations of the pressing tool design were examined. Simulation results obtained from QForm Extrusion software, specifically designed for pressing analysis, revealed that the initial design of the tool, with predetermined technological parameters and geometry of the splitter and matrix channels, resulted in uneven flow of profile elements and temperature distribution. However, by adjusting the tool parameters, it was possible to achieve a straight profile exit from the matrix and a uniform temperature distribution across its cross section. Industrial verification of the designed tool, utilizing a 33 MN hydraulic horizontal press for pressing profiles made from alloy 6063, demonstrated that significant modifications to the matrix and splitter were not necessary. By employing the proposed pressing tool design, batches of products were successfully manufactured in compliance with the required technical specifications, while reducing the design time intervals of the pressing tool by approximately 50 %.

Industrial verification of egg handling for meal preparation: a case study of professional engagement with application of remote design thinking during the COVID‐19 pandemic

SummaryThe COVID‐19 pandemic generated impacts on all segments of society, including the food industry, which had to adapt to the reality of greater demand and increased costs. During the pandemic period, the new Brazilian legislation on microbiological food standards came into force, demanding documentary evidence of the adequacy of production processes and food safety. Every day, the need for international cooperation, local actions and agile working methods becomes more evident. The objective of this work was to engage professionals remotely to verify a new egg handling process in a food industry, where powdered eggs were replaced by the in natura form during the pandemic. A process description was developed with a flowchart and microbiological sampling plan to verify the process, using the design thinking method, conducted by videoconference by professionals from four microbiology laboratories together with professors, researchers and industry technicians. The analysis results proved the microbiological adequacy of the egg handling process. The method of remote decision‐making by design thinking and the engagement of different laboratories and professionals intends to subsidise other food and food service industries, making it possible to structure the monitoring and verification of food processes, in an agile and economical way.

Real-Time Detection and Short-Term Prediction of Blast Furnace Burden Level Based on Space-Time Fusion Features.

Real-time, continuous and accurate blast furnace burden level information is of great significance for controlling the charging process, ensuring a smooth operation of a blast furnace, reducing energy consumption and emissions and improving blast furnace output. However, the burden level information measured by conventional mechanical stock rods and radar probes exhibit problems of weak anti-interference ability, large fluctuations in accuracy, poor stability and discontinuity. Therefore, a space-time fusion prediction and detection method of burden level based on a long-term focus memory network (LFMN) and an efficient structure self-tuning RBF neural network (ESST-RBFNN) is proposed. First, the space dimensional features are extracted by the space regression model based on radar data. Then, the LFMN is designed to predict the burden level and extract the time dimensional features. Finally, the ESST-RBFNN based on a proposed fast eigenvector space clustering algorithm (ESC) is constructed to obtain reliable and continuous burden level information with high accuracy. Both the simulation results and industrial verification indicate that the proposed method can provide real-time and continuous burden level information in real-time, which has great practical value for industrial production.

Two-stage energy scheduling optimization model for complex industrial process and its industrial verification

As complex industries move towards small batches and customization, the uncertainty of the operation time of intermittent electrical devices increases, leading to an increasing fluctuation range of the complex industrial electrical load. To ensure the regular production process, the fossil power plant increases the installed capacity of generators, which can sharply raise carbon emissions. Renewable energy generation has been introduced to reduce carbon emissions and achieve power generation sustainability. However, the instability of renewable energy generation increases the fluctuation range of transmission voltage, leading to highly unsafe electricity transmission. Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) solves the instability problem of renewable energy generation. Thus, this study proposes a two-stage energy scheduling optimization model for complex industrial processes. The first stage proposes a scheduling optimization model for intermittent electrical devices with high electricity consumption. The second stage proposes a scheduling optimization model for the ESS to optimize the transmission capacity proportion of photovoltaic (PV) power plants, ESS, and fossil power plants. The results show that the proposed two-stage scheduling optimization model for the complex industrial process can reduce electricity cost by 7.1%–9.1%, and carbon emissions by 384 tons of standard coal in a year.

Elicitation of functional requirements from the application programming interface documentation for functional testing

We address a common problem in this paper. The only available documentation for a computer program consists of a user API documentation while we need to identify functional requirements and build test suite to test them. We describe a technique for functional requirements elicitation from the user API documentation. Requirements management tool Requality is exploited in this technique. The tool has been used in several industrial software verification projects.

Context-Aware Authentication with Dynamic Credentials using Electricity Consumption Data

AbstractIndustrial IoT (IIoT) era is evolving rapidly in parallel to the progress in Industry 4.0, which leads factories to increase the engagement with external parties through different communication infrastructures. This brings a larger attack surface and requires the development of new security solutions suitable for IIoT systems. Authentication is a key enabler to prevent the attacks that come from the interactions with the outside world components. Though there are proposed authentication schemes for IoT or machine-to-machine (M2M) applications, they cannot be readily applied for IIoT since manufacturing machines have different features and requirements than generic IT and IoT devices. In this paper, context information is proposed to be used for enhancing the authentication process in the IIoT, where instantaneous electricity consumption measured by smart meters is the main context information used as a dynamic authentication credential. Besides, in our method, existing smart meter infrastructure is utilized for both exchanging credentials over an industrial network and verification of the credentials by trusted components like Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) or Energy Management System (EMS). The proposed method also allows the use of other context information as authentication credentials such as temperature and humidity collected by sensors in the manufacturing environment.

A comprehensive industrial practice for Industrial Internet Platform (IIP): General model, reference architecture, and industrial verification

With the upgrading of industrial era, the rise of industrial Internet environment and the development of intelligent technology, enterprises will pay more attention to the system platform, information sharing, network collaboration, personalized customization and recommendation of services when designing, implementing and operating an industrial information platform, which is called Industrial Internet Platform (IIP). In the existing literature, scholars focus on a local dot, such as: technology, function, elements and application based on IIP. However, there is a lack of an overall framework to study the top-level planning of IIP implementation from a systematic perspective. Moreover, there are few studies on the detailed path and steps of IIP implementation in a specific industry. The research objective is to study the general model, reference architecture, service evaluation index system, implementation path, application verification, etc. for IIP which meets the needs of industry on the basis of existing theory and industrial practice, and to provide reference for government and industry planning, design, implementation and promotion of IIP. From a case study, the comprehensive performance rate of comprehensive ability for IIP in a pharmaceutical manufacturing industry enterprise is calculated. It can reflect the comprehensive ability for IIP in enterprise from the ability of the IIP’s resource management, platform technology, industrial application, and etc. In addition, the general model, reference architecture, implementation path and service evaluation system of IIP can improve the enterprise's resource management ability, platform service ability, industrial application ability, and enhance the core value of the enterprise and increase benefits.

Simulation of Process Rolling Plates from Alloy of Al-Mg System Economically Doped with Scandium

The modes of hot and cold rolling of plates from an alloy of the Al-Mg system alloy, doped with scandium in the range of 0.10-0.12%, are modeled. At the first stage of work, using the DEFORM-3D software package, we simulated the process of hot sheet rolling at the Quarto 2800 mill, in order to obtain a billet for further cold rolling. Analysis of the simulation data showed that with the adopted compression mode, the metal forming and temperature conditions of rolling make it possible to obtain plates up to 45 mm thick, without defects, with rational power loading of the equipment. Further modeling of the regime of cold rolling of plates with a thickness of up to 31.5 mm showed that cold rolling can be carried out in 4 passes, provided that the stress and rolling force do not exceed the permissible values. At the second stage of work, we conducted an experimental verification of the obtained simulation results both in industrial and in laboratory conditions. It was found that the value of the total compression leading to the destruction of the samples, depending on the rolling conditions, should not exceed 21-30%. At this degree of deformation, the rolled metal from the alloy under study has high strength and plastic properties. Subsequent industrial verification of the research results confirmed that this alloy is quite advanced technologically, while it has high deformability, both during hot and cold rolling, which allows us to recommend it for sheet deformed semi-finished products in the manufacture of structural products for various purposes.

Industrial Verification and Research Development of Lime–Gypsum Fertilizer Granulation Method

This work concerns non-pressure granulation of mineral materials used for the production of agricultural fertilizers for soil deacidification. In order to expand the product range of Nordkalk Poland sp. z o. o. located in Poland, the granulation conditions of the gypsum–lime mix were examined with the use of various granulation methods. The processed mixture was Jurassic lime flour mined in the Sławno mine (Poland) and waste gypsum (sulfogypsum) obtained from the largest coal-fired power plant in the EU, Bełchatów Power Plant (Poland). This paper presents the results of the optimization of the gypsum–lime fertilizer granulation process. The results of the study of granulation of gypsum–lime mixture realized in one-stage technology in a disc granulator were compared with the effects of two-stage agglomeration. During the research, a mixture (in a 1:1 ratio) of waste sulfogypsum and lime flour was used. Such a weight ratio provides maximum use of the sulfogypsum waste while maintaining good mechanical properties of the granulate. The granulated bed was moistened with a lignosulfonate solution. The process was carried out periodically. After the experiment, the grain composition of the granulate obtained was determined and tests were performed to determine the strength of the product. The test results were compared with analogous ones obtained during granulation with the use of molasses (waste from sugar production). The results obtained were verified during a trial carried out on an industrial scale.

Experimental and modelling study of the grain refinement of Fe-30wt%Ni-Nb austenite model alloy subjected to severe plastic deformation process

This study addresses some aspects regarding a computer modelling based on three-dimensional Frontal Cellular Automata (FCA) for the simulation of ultrafine-grained (UFG) microstructure development in purpose-designed microalloyed austenite model alloy i.e. FCC structure. Proposed in the present study model is a step forward towards understanding the deformation and microstructure development mechanisms occurring during severe plastic deformation (SPD) processes with high accumulation of the plastic deformation effects in FCC structures. The analysed microalloyed austenite microstructures were developed due to SPD effects. Using the proposed computer model, based on three-dimensional FCA it has been shown that it is possible to predict some characteristics of the FCC microstructures such as the grain size and the distribution of the boundaries misorientation angle. These abilities were proved by the qualitative and quantitative comparisons of the modelling and SEM/EBSD results. The capabilities of the proposed model were tested using experimental results of the wire drawing processes. The paper presents the new original results of experimental studies of multi-staged MaxStrain technology with the microscopic investigation. Basing on data obtained from these studies, the dependencies of the evolution of grain structure and misorientation angle on the accumulative strain and cycle number were obtained in a form of approximation equations. The equations were implemented into the CA model, and MaxStrain technology was simulated. Comparison of the results obtained in experimental studies and simulations shows a satisfactory agreement. Industrial verification of the developed model as well shows a satisfactory agreement.

Determining sample size for specification limits verification with tolerance intervals

AbstractIn the traditional industrial verification process, when the aim is the compliance to assigned specifications, it is difficult to find an affordable statistical method for the purpose. Most data tables in industrial procedures and standards deal with tolerance limits neglecting the potential needs to verify assigned specification limits. A two‐sided tolerance interval, combined with a bivariate statistical hypothesis test can be used to address this problem. The proposed risk‐based approach leads to the determination of the minimum sample size with preestablished probabilities of Type I and Type II errors, that are essential elements for estimating the safety and reliability risk. A novel method is proposed for determination of the tolerance interval testing factors. This approach calculates the testing factors based on the deviation of the mean and the variance from the null hypothesis when a specified value of Type II error is found. The deviations of the mean and variance are determined in such a way that an assigned proportion of the population falls within the specification limits. Additional studies are provided to assess the robustness of the method for nonnormal environments and to compare it with other methods.

Research of forces acting on the skip turn angles in the structures of the rope-profile guides

The study of combustion processes at high temperatures is associated with two main problems. The first of them is to determine composition and amount of possible combustion products, and to clarify thermodynamic properties of the mixture under various combustion conditions. The second problem is to determine amount of heat released during combustion and maximum attainable temperature of combustion or work which can be obtained if to apply the established simplifications and under the conditions in which combustion occurs. Great importance is given to predicting temperature indicators in the fire site when performing work in mine conditions on extinguishing and assessing the development of fires in mines. These indicators are important for the actual assessment of the state of the environment in the focus of its extinguishing, since they are control indicators for determining the cooling of the rocks of the massif and, ultimately, indirectly assess the fact of an extinct fire. In the article, the authors present a method for calculating parameters of the process of solid fuel combustion, which is based on the results of theoretical and experimental studies in the field of the theory of combustion of dusty fuel. By this method, the following parameters of combustion process are calculated: theoretical air consumption required for combustion of a unit of fuel quantity; volume of combustion products; composition of combustion products; enthalpy of combustion products at required temperatures and excess air; and calorimetric and theoretical temperatures of solid fuel combustion. By using the known dependences, the forecast of the temperature in the fire zone is substantiated for further development of new and improvement of existing methods. Some proposals developed for improving the estimates of the parameters of the state of the rock massif in the process of extinguishing a fire are considered. It is proposed, for example, as preventive measures, while determining indicator gases and evaluating their dynamics, to take additionally samples of coal before a fire and gradually heat them in laboratory conditions in muffle furnaces until the coal ignites, whereupon to evaluate their dynamics according to a laboratory experiment; then, when a fire occurs, it is possible to determine its real state by the dynamics of changes in the factually measured indicator gases. This proposal is not normative and requires further development, industrial verification and discussion. Keywords: coal particles, temperature forecast, area of fire, heat exchange, air, atmospheric composition.

Modeling of processes occurred during heating and ignition of coal particles in methane-air mixture in the area of fire

The study of combustion processes at high temperatures is associated with two main problems. The first of them is to determine composition and amount of possible combustion products, and to clarify thermodynamic properties of the mixture under various combustion conditions. The second problem is to determine amount of heat released during combustion and maximum attainable temperature of combustion or work which can be obtained if to apply the established simplifications and under the conditions in which combustion occurs. Great importance is given to predicting temperature indicators in the fire site when performing work in mine conditions on extinguishing and assessing the development of fires in mines. These indicators are important for the actual assessment of the state of the environment in the focus of its extinguishing, since they are control indicators for determining the cooling of the rocks of the massif and, ultimately, indirectly assess the fact of an extinct fire. In the article, the authors present a method for calculating parameters of the process of solid fuel combustion, which is based on the results of theoretical and experimental studies in the field of the theory of combustion of dusty fuel. By this method, the following parameters of combustion process are calculated: theoretical air consumption required for combustion of a unit of fuel quantity; volume of combustion products; composition of combustion products; enthalpy of combustion products at required temperatures and excess air; and calorimetric and theoretical temperatures of solid fuel combustion. By using the known dependences, the forecast of the temperature in the fire zone is substantiated for further development of new and improvement of existing methods. Some proposals developed for improving the estimates of the parameters of the state of the rock massif in the process of extinguishing a fire are considered. It is proposed, for example, as preventive measures, while determining indicator gases and evaluating their dynamics, to take additionally samples of coal before a fire and gradually heat them in laboratory conditions in muffle furnaces until the coal ignites, whereupon to evaluate their dynamics according to a laboratory experiment; then, when a fire occurs, it is possible to determine its real state by the dynamics of changes in the factually measured indicator gases. This proposal is not normative and requires further development, industrial verification and discussion. Keywords: coal particles, temperature forecast, area of fire, heat exchange, air, atmospheric composition.