Abstract
This work concerns non-pressure granulation of mineral materials used for the production of agricultural fertilizers for soil deacidification. In order to expand the product range of Nordkalk Poland sp. z o. o. located in Poland, the granulation conditions of the gypsum–lime mix were examined with the use of various granulation methods. The processed mixture was Jurassic lime flour mined in the Sławno mine (Poland) and waste gypsum (sulfogypsum) obtained from the largest coal-fired power plant in the EU, Bełchatów Power Plant (Poland). This paper presents the results of the optimization of the gypsum–lime fertilizer granulation process. The results of the study of granulation of gypsum–lime mixture realized in one-stage technology in a disc granulator were compared with the effects of two-stage agglomeration. During the research, a mixture (in a 1:1 ratio) of waste sulfogypsum and lime flour was used. Such a weight ratio provides maximum use of the sulfogypsum waste while maintaining good mechanical properties of the granulate. The granulated bed was moistened with a lignosulfonate solution. The process was carried out periodically. After the experiment, the grain composition of the granulate obtained was determined and tests were performed to determine the strength of the product. The test results were compared with analogous ones obtained during granulation with the use of molasses (waste from sugar production). The results obtained were verified during a trial carried out on an industrial scale.
Highlights
The term non-pressure granulation is understood as the production of solid particles of appropriate shape, dimensions, and physicochemical properties, with an increase in the size of the resulting granules by nucleation [1,2], surrounding granules [3,4], or coalescence [5,6].Obtaining the desired product including agricultural fertilizers can be done in many different ways and the process itself can be combined with other unit operations
To demonstrate the possibility of non-pressure granulation of gypsum-lime mixes with the use of lignosulfonate, to compare the effects of granulation of calcium–gypsum mixtures realized in the disc and two-stage granulation technology, to compare the effects of granulation of calcium–gypsum mixtures with the use of various moisturizing liquids, to demonstrate the usefulness of waste gypsum obtained from the flue gas desulphurization process as a raw material for the production of granular agricultural fertilizer, to verify the research results obtained by implementing the process on an industrial scale
MagneGranulation with the use of molasses permitted a 92% fraction of 2–8 mm to be obtained, sium lignosulfonate was used as The the binder liquid
Summary
The term non-pressure granulation is understood as the production of solid particles of appropriate shape, dimensions, and physicochemical properties, with an increase in the size of the resulting granules by nucleation [1,2], surrounding granules [3,4], or coalescence [5,6]. Granular mineral fertilizers, including calcium fertilizers, are obtained by agglomeration by mixing components in specific proportions, which result from the assumed composition, and by moistening such dusty components with a binding liquid [37] Such a liquid is most often water [38] or aqueous solutions of substances such as gelatin, polymers, resins, starch, glues, sugars, salts, or molasses [39,40]. To demonstrate the possibility of non-pressure granulation of gypsum-lime mixes with the use of lignosulfonate, to compare the effects of granulation of calcium–gypsum mixtures realized in the disc and two-stage granulation technology, to compare the effects of granulation of calcium–gypsum mixtures with the use of various moisturizing liquids, to demonstrate the usefulness (despite high humidity) of waste gypsum obtained from the flue gas desulphurization process as a raw material for the production of granular agricultural fertilizer, to verify the research results obtained by implementing the process on an industrial scale
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