Verification Of Concept Research Articles

Verification of the Heat-Field Concept for Sonic-Boom Alleviation

The results of an experimental program carried out in the NASA-Langley 4 x 4 ft supersonic pressure tunnel to investigate the validity of the heat-field concept for sonic-boom alleviation are reported herein. The basic idea of the heat-field concept is to heat the flow about a supersonic aircraft in such a manner as to obtain an increase in effective aircraft shape (area distribution) that will result in a shock-free pressure signature on the ground. In the program, pressure signatures were measured below a series of wind-tunnel models to provide a step-by-step verification of the concept. For the key model tested, nitrogen is passed through the near of an off-axis slender fin situated below a representative SST configuration having its lift equivalence in volume. Comparisons of pressure signatures for this model with no flow, cold flow, and heated flow through the fin demonstrated substantial effects due to flow and due to heat, essentially verifying the use of mass flow and heat fields for providing equivalent area in supersonic flow. In addition, the ability of an off-axis slender fin to produce a finite-rise-time signature in the presence of lift was demonstrated by testing a wing-body model both with and without a solid fin.

On the process of comparing sentences against pictures

The present study outlines a theory of how people compare sentences against pictures. This theory was tested in four experiments in which Ss were timed as they judged whether a sentence (e.g., Star isn't above plus) was true or false of a picture (e.g., + ∗). The latencies in these tasks were consistent with the thesis that: (1) sentences are represented in terms of elementary propositions; (2) pictures are encoded in the same interpretive format; (3) these two codes are compared in an algorithmic series of mental operations, each of which contributes additively to the response latency; and (4) sentence encoding, picture encoding, comparing, and responding are four serially ordered stages, and their component latencies are additive. From these results, it was also possible to rule out certain explanations based on visual imagery, conversion (e.g., converting isn't above into is below), reading time, normative word frequencies, and other factors. Finally, it was shown that this theory is consistent with previous studies on sentence comprehension, sentence verification, concept verification, and other related phenomena.

Specific laws of polymer fracture

The results of an experimental verification of the activation concept of strength, first proposed by the author in 1952, are described. The theoretical conclusions are confirmed by tests on various vulcanizates, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, cellophane, and polypropylene, New means of improving the strength of polymers are suggested.

The White Sands Range and Range-Rate System

This paper discusses the concept, design, and design verification of the White Sands Range and Range-Rate System. Development of the system has been completed only through the design phase. The system is designed to meet requirements for high-accuracy midcourse tracking under severe target dynamics at the White Sands Missile Range. It is a multistatic Doppler and range tracker which operates at X band and incorporates transmitter, transponder, receiver, and baseline subsystems. The transmitter includes specially designed digital circuitry to synthesize test signals for target simulation during checkout of the system. The transponder signal is processed by a receiver which has been established theoretically to be the optimum realizable processor of continuous tracking data. The receiver incorporates specially designed carrier acquisition circuitry and digital VCO, and directly provides digital Doppler and tone phase data to facilitate real-time processing. The system utilizes data from other tracking systems at the Range for spatial acquisition, for aiding carrier acquisition in the receiver, and for resolving range ambiguities.

Experimental Verification of the Charge Coupled Device Concept

Structures have been fabricated consisting of closely spaced MOS capacitors on an n-type silicon substrate. By forming a depletion region under one of the electrodes, minority carriers (holes) may be stored in the resulting potential well. This charge may then be transferred to an adjacent electrode by proper manipulation of electrode potentials. The assumption that this transfer will take place in reasonable times with a small fractional loss of charge is the basis of the charge coupled devices described in the preceding paper,1 To test this assumption, devices were fabricated and measurements made. Charge transfer efficiencies greater than 98 percent for transfer times less than 100 nsec were observed.

Systematic Political Science and Communist Systems

I concur with Professor Meyer that Communist area studies must rejoin the main lines of the discipline of political science. An unfortunate methodological separation has existed much too long, a separation that might be figuratively characterized as a “loose, bipolar system,” with Sovietology at one pole and systematic political science at the other. The schism between Kremlinology, deductive reasoning, and, frequently, spectral evidence, on the one side, and scientific concept formation, empiricism, verification, and theory-construction, on the other, must come to an end. Professor Meyer's paper is a contribution toward this objective, both on its own merits and for the critical discussion that it will undoubtedly stimulate.