Verbs In Sentences Research Articles

VERBAL EMOTIONAL-EXPRESSIVE SENTENCES IN TATAR AND FRENCH LANGUAGES


 Abstract: The decisive aspect of society development in the modern world is scientific and cultural interaction, cooperation. We hope that this article, devoted to the study of emotional-expressive syntax in Tatar and French, will make a definite contribution to the development of world scientific and intercultural understanding and cooperation. The problem studied in this article is significant and modern. The comparative study of the syntax of different languages, such as Tatar and French, is extremely important, since it is syntax that is the most valuable source of information about the culture of a particular people, the ideas about morality, the relations to the surrounding world, etc., which becomes the property of linguistic consciousness. This is due to the need for a linguistic analysis of Tatar and French language expressive syntax, as well as to the insufficient study of expressiveness category operation at the syntactic level. Expressive verbal sentences of Tatar and French languages are specialized syntactic means and serve to implement the category of emotional expression. Verbal emotional-expressive sentences in Tatar and French are distinguished by a great variety of structural types. The linguistic specificity of the axiological syntactic units of Tatar and French languages is expressed in their emotional-evaluative lexical content and is associated with the cultural and national characteristics of the studied language bearers. The obtained results make a definite contribution to the development of language expressive picture issue, as well as to communicative linguistics, linguistics and functional stylistics

Persian Verb and Sentence Production Protocol (PVSP) and its efficacy on Persian-speaking agrammatic non-fluent persons with aphasia

ABSTRACT Background: The semantic/syntactic representation of the verb is directly correspondent with the information required for generating well-constructed messages. Although various verb and sentence impairment therapies for persons with aphasia (PWA) are presented, there has been no published study of Persian verb treatment protocol for linguistic and cross-linguistic purposes. Aims: This study was aimed at introducing a verb treatment protocol founded upon the Persian syntax, teaching to link the key thematic information of verbs, and targeting treatment at the word and sentence level. Methods & Procedures: A single-subject study with multiple baselines design across participants was conducted. The efficacy of Persian Verb and Sentence Production Protocol (PVSP) on three agrammatic non-fluent patients was examined. Verb production skills at the word and sentence level were examined. The Mean Sentence Length (MSL) and sentence production across different tasks were measured at baseline and daily treatment probes. Outcome and Results: Three participants notably improved in verb percent production at the word level in experimental items (from 3.3% to 88% for participant 1, from 1.17% to 27.6% for participant 2 and from 3.75% to 58.6% for participant 3). Generalisation to control items were observed (from 10% to 81.2% for participant 1, from 24.9% to 52.98% for participant 2, from 19.7% to 60.89% for participant 3). All participants also enhanced in verb percent production at the sentence level in experimental items (from 13.3% to 67% for participant 1, from 16.6% to 40% for participant 2, and from 5.7% to 55% for participant 3). Generalisation to control items was noted (from 20% to 57% for participant 1, from 23.3% to 43.5% for participant 2, from 5% to 61% for participant 3). The results of the maintenance and follow-up phases were subsequently remarkable. Pre-post measures of MSL in connected speech (free speech) were improved outstandingly (from 1 to 4.3 for participant 1, from 3.5 to 8 for participant 2, from 0 to 5.2 for participant 3). Conclusions : PVSP seems to be beneficial to various degrees for Persian-speaking agrammatic non-fluent patients, enhancing their verb retrieval and sentence making skills.

MODUS KALIMAT PERINTAH DAN LARANGAN DALAM “ASBAB WURUD AL-HADITS” KARYA IMAM SUYUTHI KAJIAN PRAGMATIK

This article aims to explain the commands and prohibitions of the prophet Muhammad in hadits by using Searle's speech act theory. The purpose of this study focused to describe the commands and prohibitions of the prophet Muhammad in seen from sentence mode. Results of this study indicate that there are several characteristics of the use of the phrase mode commands and prohibitions of the Prophet Muhammad such us declarative sentences mode with verb sentence form and noun sentence form; Imperative sentences mode with fi‘lul-amri form, ismu fi‘lil-amri form, dan la an-nahiyah form; and the interrogative sentences mode with using “َ ”أand “.”

Infant single words for dynamic events predict early verb meanings

Abstract Do children’s single words related to motion and change also encode aspects of environmental events highlighted by Talmy’s motion event analysis? If so, these meanings may predict children’s early verb meanings. Analyzing the kinds of meanings expressed in single “dynamic event words” through motion event semantics yields links between early true verbs in sentences and the semantics encoded in these single words. Dynamic event words (e.g., more, allgone, out, down) reflect the sense of temporal and spatial reversibility established in the late sensorimotor period. We propose that these dynamic meanings provide the semantic foundation for the most common verbs included in early sentences, and thus a bootstrap to full development of the verb repertoire. In this study, we followed the spoken language development (from single words to sentences) of five children. We identified dynamic event words as encoding dynamic change in the following dimensions: (1) spatial direction in relation to self; (2) vertical spatial direction; (3) figure/ground relationships; and (4) temporal event sequences. Verbs continuing the semantics previously identified in dynamic event words occurred early and dominated the verb repertoire through 24 months of age.

The Relationships between Image Schema in Verb Sentence and Thinking/Emotional Change

The Relationships between Image Schema in Verb Sentence and Thinking/Emotional Change

İNGİLİS DİLİNDƏ CERUNDUN FUNKSİYALARI

The article deals with the Gerund in English. All English grammars distinguish between finite and non-finite forms of the verb. The non-finite forms, which are also called the verbal or the non-predicative forms of the verb, comprise, according to most grammars. There are 3 verbals in English. One of them is Gerund. Gerund is used in many functions in the sentence. Some grammarians do not distinguish between the gerund and participle I, calling them both the -ing form. The Collins Cobuild English Grammar (London 1995) prefers the term -ing noun to gerund. There are grammars which use the term gerund, but the functions of the gerund are not the same from one grammar to another. In this grammar the term -ing form is not used and a clear distinction is made between the gerund and participle I, for the reason that in spite of having the same form they function differently in a sentence. The gerund is close to a noun (pronoun) and has many nominal features, while participle I is close to an adjective and has adjectival features. Therefore, a number of the functions of the gerund and participle I do not coincide. Thus, the gerund, unlike participle I, can function as subject and object. As to the functions of attribute and adverbial modifier, the gerund, when used in these functions, is always introduced by a preposition, while participle I is either introduced by a conjunction (adverbial modifier of comparison and concession) or by nothing at all (attribute, adverbial modifier of time, cause, manner). The only functions in which participle I and gerund can be confused are those of the predicative and complex object. According to their functions in a sentence verb forms can be classified into finite and non-finite. The finite forms perform the function of the predicate. The non-finite forms, sometimes called verbal, can perform various functions in a sentence except that of the simple verbal predicate. The verbal include the Infinitive, the Gerund and the Participle. The verbal has some features in common. First, they can show whether an action expressed by a verbal is simultaneous with the action expressed by the finite verb, or precedes it. To denote precedence we use perfect forms of the verbal. Second, all the verbal can be used: a) singly: • Annoyed, she went out of the room (single participle II). b) in a phrase: • She spent whole days reading books (participle I in a phrase). c) in a predicative construction: • She noticed him look back (infinitive construction)

Syntactical analysis of essays

The main purpose of this research is to describe: (1) sentence type; (2) Unity sentence; and (3) sentence structure found in the class VI students elementary school in Buleleng Regency, Bali Province. The data source used to be the subject in this study is a class VI elementary school student in Buleleng Regency, Bali province. Meanwhile, the object is (1) sentence type; (2) unity sentence; and (3) sentence structure found in the class VI students elementary School in Buleleng Regency, Bali Province. The method used in collecting data is a document recording method. Collected data is analyzed with descriptive analysis. The results showed that: (1) The type of sentence found in the class VI elementary school students in Buleleng Regency, Bali Province can be divided according to (a) the contents, there are 219 sentences; (b) The number of the clauses, there are 74 single sentences, 145 compound sentences; (c) The predicate of the establishment, there are 216 verbal sentences and 3 nominal sentences; and (d) the nature of the actor's relationship, there are 201 active sentences and 18 passive sentences.

Encoding actions and verbs: Tracking the time-course of relational encoding during message and sentence formulation.

Two experiments tracked the encoding of relational information (actions at the level of the prelinguistic message and verbs at the level of the sentence) during formulation of transitive event descriptions (e.g., The tiger is scratching the photographer). At what point during message and sentence formulation do speakers encode actions and verbs? Participants described pictures of transitive events in response to neutral questions ("What is happening?"), agent questions ("What is [the agent] doing?"), and patient questions ("What is happening with [the patient]?"). The agent and patient questions were intended to change the message-level focus of speakers' responses and to induce priority encoding of the event action and the sentence verb. The questions had a nearly categorical effect on speakers' choice of sentence form in their responses (characters mentioned in the questions were produced in subject position, as expected) and a strong effect on the time-course of sentence formulation: Speakers rapidly directed their gaze to the part of the event needed to encode contextually new, task-relevant information-first the event action and the sentence verb, then the sentence object. The distribution of fixations during the "verb-encoding" window showed that speakers encode relational information by fixating both event characters. Comparing formulation of sentences describing events with action-informative agents and action-informative patients showed a small preference for fixating the more informative character both immediately after picture onset (message-level encoding) and during the verb-encoding window (sentence-level encoding). The results identify action-specific and verb-specific eye movement signatures in message and sentence formulation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

비정물주어 속성서술문의 구조적·의미적 특징

In general, the event predication is expressed by verb sentence and the attribute predication is expressed by nominal and adjectival sentences. However, each type of sentence does not have a single meaning usuage, each of verbal, adjectival and nominal sentences can convey both event and attribute predications. This study explores special features of the attribute predication by taking a closer look at the adjectival and nominal attribute sentences that have the inanimate subject, with some additional investigation on the verbal sentence in order to supplement Choi (2016) that examined the verbal attribute sentence earlier. Regarding the data, this study drew the data from novels, essays, movie scenarios, textbooks, weelky magazines, dictionaries and the Mainichi Newspapers. I examined special features of the attribute predication in terms of the syntactic and semantic areas. With regrad to the structural features, I analyzed the characterization of sentence patterns, subjectization of non-nominative nouns, usuage of negative forms, characteristics of the compound sentence structure, and formulation of predication. With regard to the semantic features, I analyzed the type of meaning that can be conveyed by the verbal, adjectival and nominal sentences, and clarified the similarities and differences between their meaning types.

Türkçede varoluşsal yapılar

The purpose of this paper is to investigate existential constructions in Turkish. The focus will be on the semantic, discourse as well as structural properties of Noun Phrases (NPs henceforth) in these structures. It is well-attested that there are different types of NPs such as bare NPs, singular and plural indefinite NPs that can serve as pivots in existential constructions in the language. However, some of them exhibit certain characteristics that are rather different from those of their counterparts in other languages. Bare NPs, for instance, are obligatorily interpreted as number-neutral and do not introduce discourse referents. This is rather unexpected given the main function of existential constructions cross-linguistically. To account for this behavior of these nominals, I argue that a pseudo-incorporation analysis that was proposed in order to explain the characteristics of direct objects in such structures as verbal sentences, idioms and light verb sentences could be extended to bare NPs in existential constructions. Unlike the analysis in previous work, however, I argue that pseudo-incorporation applies to bare NPs only, excluding singular and plural indefinite NPs. In addition, the account proposed here displays certain differences from those analyses that treat existential bare NPs as non-phrasal. A close analysis shows that existential bare NPs in Turkish are in fact phrasal elements.

Existential Constructions in Turkish

The purpose of this paper is to investigate existential constructions in Turkish. The focus will be on the semantic, discourse as well as structural properties of Noun Phrases (NPs henceforth) in these structures. It is well-attested that there are different types of NPs such as bare NPs, singular and plural indefinite NPs that can serve as pivots in existential constructions in the language. However, some of them exhibit certain characteristics that are rather different from those of their counterparts in other languages. Bare NPs, for instance, are obligatorily interpreted as number-neutral and do not introduce discourse referents. This is rather unexpected given the main function of existential constructions cross-linguistically. To account for this behavior of these nominals, I argue that a pseudo-incorporation analysis that was proposed in order to explain the characteristics of direct objects in such structures as verbal sentences, idioms and light verb sentences could be extended to bare NPs in existential constructions. Unlike the analysis in previous work, however, I argue that pseudo-incorporation applies to bare NPs only, excluding singular and plural indefinite NPs. In addition, the account proposed here displays certain differences from those analyses that treat existential bare NPs as non-phrasal. A close analysis shows that existential bare NPs in Turkish are in fact phrasal elements.

Foregrounding of ‘Câr-Mecrûr’ in The Kor’ân in The Verb Sentences and Semantic Interpretations in Terms of Syntax

Biz, bu makalemizde, el-Cürcânî ve es-Sekkâkî’nin genel olarak takdim konusuyla ilgili görüşlerini esas alarak, fiil cümlesinde câr-mecrûrun âmiline takdiminin cümlenin anlamsal yorumunu nasıl değiştirdiğini ele alacağız. Bu sözdizimi değişikliği nedeniyle takdimin cümleye hangi ek/belâgî anlamlar kattığını inceleyeceğiz. Bu teorik çerçeveye göre, Kurân-ı Kerîm’de câr-mecrûrun fiiline yani müteallakına takdim edildiği bazı örnekleri ele alacağız. Örneklerde sözdizimi değişikliği nedeniyle açığa çıkan ihtimam ve tahsis anlamlarına özellikle vurgu yapacağız. Makalede isim cümlelerinde câr-mecrûrun takdimi konusu ise kapsam dışı bırakılmıştır.

Assessing Students� Speaking Skills at 2nd Semester Students of English Study Program IAIN Curup

Speaking skill in English language learning is sometimes difficult for learners. Some students in second semester in IAIN Curup at English study program experienced errors in daily communication. This research tried to disclose what errors that the students did, to what extent the errors occurred. Qualitative approach was considered appropriate in this research because it did not try to generalize the findings but to deepen the case. Observation and open-ended Interview were applied to gather the data. As the instruments, field notes and voice recorder were utilized. The result shows that the students made errors in the four categories namely error in the using of be + adjectives, misplace be present time and past time, missing verbs and error in applying preposition. Errors occurred in the circumstances of choosing sentence verbs time signal and the lack of awareness in placing be for a sentence. Keywords: Speaking errors, grammar, sentence construction

Undergraduates’ Awareness of English Irregular Verbs

The objectives of this research were to find out undergraduates’ awareness of English irregular verbs and to find out what errors that the students made in using the irregular verbs. This research was conducted at University of Teknokrat Indonesia. The population of this research was the first semester students. There were 30 university students who were chosen as the samples. They were all S1 English Literature students. The data of this research were collected through a written task. The task was designed to measure the students’ ability in using irregular verbs in sentences telling about past events. There were 140 irregular verbs tested to the students. The result of the research showed that the undergraduates’ awareness of English irregular verbs is low; 22 (73.3%) out 30 students made errors in using English irregular verbs. The errors varied into three types; using the rule of regular verbs for irregular verbs, using simple form verbs for past events, and creating new words which did not exist in English vocabulary. The highest number of error was placed by applying the rule of regular verbs for irregular verbs with 14 incorrect verbs (53.8%), the second position was placed by using simple form verbs for past events with 9 incorrect verbs (34.6%), and the third position was placed by creating new words which did not exist in English vocabulary with 3 incorrect verbs (11.5%). The results of this study indicate that students in which English is a foreign language might still have insufficient English vocabulary when they come to higher schools.Keywords: Foreign language, error, irregular verb

Interface between Noun Sentences and Verb Sentences in Japanese

Interface between Noun Sentences and Verb Sentences in Japanese

Ka a Temporal Prefix in Mardini Arabic Derived from the Verb Kana (To Be)

Grammaticalization is usually thought of as that subset of linguistic changes through which a lexical item in certain uses becomes a grammatical item, or through which a grammatical item becomes more grammatical (Hopper- Traugott, 2). This paper is an attempt to present this phenomenon, showing the results of our investigation on the development of the temporal marker in Mardini Arabic (spoken in Mardin province situated in Southern Turkey) from lexical items (kan-to be) into grammatical prefix (ka). This prefix is attached to the extratem- poral forms of the verb (imperfective and perfective). The verb kana (to be) existent both in standard Arabic and in all the Arabic dialects, has syntactically the role of a temporal marker that changes the tem- poral situation of a normal sentence (without kana). When the verb kana modi- fies a verbal sentence, both kana and the verb that follows it, independently take all the marks of conjugation (aspect, mood, person, gender and number). Hence, we realize that kana is not an auxiliary verb and the Arabic language does not have compound tense forms.

Типы односоставных предложений в пословичном фонде башкирского языка (на материале фольклорного корпуса)

Goals. The article is devoted to the study of Proverbs of the Bashkir language represented by one-member verbal sentences. All productive models of one-member verbal sentences in Bashkir Proverbs are analyzed in detail, the statistics of distribution of sentences by syntactic types are presented. Materials. The texts of paremiological genres included in the Corpus of folklore texts of the Bashkir language were used as a material. Today, the proverbial database of the Corpus under consideration is the most representative in the Bashkir paremiology and includes texts of the proverbial genre published in separate volumes of the multi-volume academic publication “The Bashkir Folk Art”, expedition materials issued by the staff of the Department of folkloristics of the Institiute of History, Language, and Literature UFRC RAS wounds over the last 20 years. Results. The authors show that the functioning of Proverbs in the Bashkir language with the structure of one-member verbal sentences is primarily associated with their generalizing character, which is expressed by the personal-temporal use of the verbal predicate. In the sentences under study, predicates expressed by a finite verb and analytical forms report actions and States regardless of a particular person. The subject of the action acts as a generalized person. It is revealed that in the Corpus of folklore of the Bashkir language Proverbs of the considered type consist of generalized-personal, impersonal, indefinite-personal sentences. The prevalence of the imperative in Bashkir Proverbs in comparison with other verbal categories is determined, which points to the characteristic feature of the Bashkir paremia, aimed at expressing the will and didactics, which states the function of Proverbs in statistical terms is much inferior to the imperative.

When verbs have bugs: lexical and syntactic processing costs of split particle verbs in sentence comprehension

ABSTRACTGerman particle verbs consist of a base and a particle, two constituents which occupy separate positions in main clauses, but share one lexical entry. It is still unclear if the combination of particles and bases during sentence comprehension is lexical, syntactic or dual in nature. Using behavioural and ERP measurements, we investigated lexical access and sentence integration of split particle verbs in German two-argument sentences. Our results show that the integration of split particle verbs violating sentence structure or lexical constraints leads to both lexical and syntactic processing difficulty. This extends earlier comparable findings reporting only lexical access difficulties, and suggests that the parse is not immediately abandoned upon encountering a nonexistent particle verb. The integration of grammatical particle verbs assigning lexical case did not lead to measurable processing difficulties. We discuss the impact of this finding for current accounts of the role of lexical case marking in sentence comprehension.

Developing The Efficiency Of Indonesian Students For Composing The Sentence Based On Psychological Aspects

One of difficulty of teaching Arabic language especially in the beginner class is most of students have never studied Arabic before, even some students who can not read or write Arabic letters correctly. In Arabic there are two types of sentences, noun sentence and verbal sentence. The difficulties faced by low-class is to understand and produce verbal sentences because the verb form of Indonesian language is the noun form sentence.
 The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of chain exercises based on psychological aspects that begin with noun sentence; to develop in creating the sentence for Indonesian students.
 This research is experimental in its implementation consists of four steps: (1) planning (2) experiment (3) observations and (4) assessment. The population is the student of intensive class of Arabic in Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. While the instruments used in this study is the observation and examination.
 The results of this study indicate that chain exercises based on psychological aspects can improve students’s skill for creating the sentence. Composing the sentence based on psychological aspects helps students to avoid scared of learning Arabic and monotony.

태국인 학습자의 한국어 이동동사 구문에 나타나는 조사 대응 습득 연구

The purpose of the study is to investigate the case marking by Thai L1 learners of Korean. Thirty native speakers (NK) and 60 Thai L1 learners participated in the study(30 Intermediate level learners, HL and 30 Beginning level learners, LL). The task was a multiple choice task which was composed of 18 movement verb sentences. The items were divided by case marker alternation (9 alternation constructions and 9 non-alternation constructions). Alternation construction allows replacing ‘ey’ or ‘eyse’ with ‘ul/lul’. Non-alternation construction allows only ‘ul/lul’. The result showed no proficiency variability among the learners. The Learners showed different acceptability judgment from NK by choosing ungrammatical markers in most of the constructions. In non-alternation constructions, NK chose ‘ul/lul’ correctly but the learners failed to choose ‘ul/lul’ and rather chose ‘ey’ or ‘eyse’ erroneously. This observation implicates that more attention and instruction on movement verb construction and case marking alternations should be provided.