Verbatim Text Research Articles

RETRACTION: Challenges of combined everolimus/endocrine therapy in hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer

To our readers:With deep regrets, we inform our Readers that the article Challenges of combined everolimus/endocrine therapy in hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/oncol.2014.236), which has been published Ahead of Print in the first issue of Oncology Reviews (2014), contains verbatim text plagiarized from another paper.1The manuscript must be considered as retracted. On behalf of the Editorial Board of Oncology Reviews, I apologize to the Author of the manuscript whose text was plagiarized by Y. Abubakr and Y. Albushra that this was not picked up in the peer review process. I also apologize to the affected journal for the violation of copyright due to plagiarism. Oncology Reviews is uncompromising in its commitment to scientific integrity. When credible evidence of misconduct is brought to our attention, our commitment to the scientific record and to our readership requires immediate notification. Oncology Reviews is increasingly employing sophisticated software to detect plagiarism. Other journals use similar tools. Authors should be aware that most journals routinely employ plagiarism detection software, and that any plagiarism is likely to be detected.Camillo Porta, Editor-in-Chief Oncology Reviews Reference 1. André F. Enhancing effectiveness of endocrine therapy in hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer. Medscape Education Oncology. CME Released: 05/24/2013; Valid for credit through 05/24/2014. http://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/804496

Learning from text benefits from enactment.

Classical studies on enactment have highlighted the beneficial effects of gestures performed in the encoding phase on memory for words and sentences, for both adults and children. In the present investigation, we focused on the role of enactment for learning from scientific texts among primary-school children. We assumed that enactment would favor the construction of a mental model of the text, and we verified the derived predictions that gestures at the time of encoding would result in greater numbers of correct recollections and discourse-based inferences at recall, as compared to no gestures (Exp. 1), and in a bias to confound paraphrases of the original text with the verbatim text in a recognition test (Exp. 2). The predictions were confirmed; hence, we argue in favor of a theoretical framework that accounts for the beneficial effects of enactment on memory for texts.

Relieving my discomforts safely: the experiences of discontinuing HRT among menopausal women

To generate a descriptive theoretical framework about the experiences of women who discontinued hormone replacement therapy. Some menopausal women would depend on hormone replacement therapy for relieving their menopausal symptoms. However, most of them feared of hormone replacement therapy's side effects and tried to discontinue hormone replacement therapy immediately. How did these women self-manage their discomforts without using dependent medicine--hormone replacement therapy? There are few studies conducted on this issue. A grounded theory research was applied. Nineteen Taiwanese women discontinuing hormone replacement therapy for three months, aged 45 to 67 years, participated in face-to-face audio-taped interviews. Data collection, and coding of interviews, and data analysis occurred simultaneously. All conversations were audio-recorded and then transcribed as verbatim text. The constant comparative method was used to analyse the interview data. 'Relieving my discomforts safely' was the core theme for describing and guiding the process of discontinuing hormone replacement therapy. 'Immediately discontinuing hormone replacement therapy--it would hurt my body' was identified as the antecedent condition. Analyses showed five dimensions to the women's relieving my discomforts safely: (1) symptoms bothered me again, (2) negative emotions, (3) learning to let it go, (4) trying to use nonhormone replacement therapy or products and (5) choosing safely therapies as first priority. Finally, some women would choose their suitable nonhormone replacement therapy way, and some women would reuse hormone replacement therapy cautiously. 'Relieving my discomforts safely' was the first-priority consideration for the menopausal women discontinuing hormone replacement therapy. It is the challenge to establish the health programme or management for helping these women felt safety and security to relieve their menopausal symptoms by using hormone replacement therapy or nonhormone replacement therapy. Healthcare providers need to empower women the rights of decision-making of using hormone replacement therapy and assist them in monitoring their health status to reduce their fear and uncertainty.

Freedom through constraints: User-oriented architectural design

In this article we report on validated research for the construction of design constraints by automated interpretation of natural language input. We show how our approach of dynamic reconfigurations of parsed syntax trees using a number of production rules is used to formalize and transform natural language constructs into computable constraints that are applied to concrete building information models. The calibration and validation of the proposed algorithms and production rules is based on two test data sets: The verbatim text of Dutch building code regulations for dormer extensions on existing roofs and constraints formulated ad hoc by design students based upon a series of example designs. We show how a prototypical implementation of our approach can be used to interpret 44% of the test data without human interference and how the remaining sentences can be interpreted with minimal additional effort or further development.

Salient beliefs about eating and buying dark green vegetables as told by Mid-western African–American women

Vegetables in the dark green group are the most nutritious, yet intake is low. Studies suggest that an increase in fruit and vegetables may improve diet-related health outcomes of African Americans. The aim of this exploratory study was to use the Reasoned Action Approach (RAA) to qualitatively assess salient, top-of-the-mind, beliefs (consequences, circumstances and referents) about eating and buying more dark green leafy vegetables each week over the next 3months. Adult (n=30), Midwestern African–American women, who buy and prepare food for their household participated in a face-to-face salient belief elicitation. A content analysis of verbatim text and a descriptive analysis were conducted. Findings suggest that the RAA can be used to identify salient consequences, circumstances and referents about eating and buying more dark green leafy vegetables. The use of the RAA allowed for the extraction of specific beliefs that may aid in the development of nutrition education programs that consider the varying priorities, motivators and barriers that subgroups within the population have in regard to buying and consuming dark green leafy vegetables.

An examination of the migratory transition of elite young European soccer players to the English Premier League

The migration of soccer players has increased in recent years. In this study, we examined the experiences of elite young soccer players as they engaged in a migratory transition from their home country to an English Premier League (EPL) club. Five young players, who made the migratory transition between the ages of 16 and 24, were interviewed. Data were analysed using the principles of content analysis. Verbatim text was then aligned to the emergent themes. Results indicate that young migratory players face the initial frenzy that is associated with an approach from an EPL club before going through a “decision” phase, followed by a period of “migration” and “acculturation” before establishing (or not) their “home from home”. The challenges of leaving home and family while trying to establish themselves as a professional player in an environment that (still) appears to be beset with (traditional) English soccer culture (i.e. high tempo, ruthless, macho, and aggressive) are recounted. While the player's family was a significant source of social support, there is still a need for qualified personnel (e.g. sports psychologists) and/or appropriately trained international recruitment staff and football agents (i.e. in areas of social, psychological, and/or performance lifestyle) to support young players through their migratory transition.

Plagiarism Among Dissertations: Prevalence at Online Institutions

The current research literature has claimed that plagiarism is a significant problem in postsecondary education. Unfortunately, these claims are primarily supported by self-report data from students. In fact little research has been done to quantify the prevalence of plagiarism particularly at the advanced graduate education level. Further, few studies exist on online education even though this is a rapidly growing sector of higher education. This descriptive study quantified the amount of plagiarism that existed among 100 doctoral dissertations that were published by institutions granting doctorate degrees through a primarily online format. The dissertations were submitted to Turnitin plagiarism detection software for analysis. The mean similarity index of these dissertations was 15.1 (SD = 13.02). The results were then categorized per previous research. Forty-six percent of the dissertations were classified as having a low level of plagiarism while 11 % had a medium level and 3 % had a high level. Further analysis revealed that 72 % of the dissertations had at least one case of improper paraphrasing and citation (verbatim text accompanied by a citation) and 46 % had verbatim text without any citation. The results of this study should encourage faculty, dissertation committee members, university administrators, and accrediting bodies to take action to help reduce the level of plagiarism among doctoral learners. Suggestions for future research include comparing online and brick-and-mortar dissertation plagiarism rates, a larger study to investigate plagiarism trend data, and surveys of faculty about how they address plagiarism and ethics during the dissertation process.

Feedback on doctors’ performance from parents and carers of children: a national pilot study

ObjectivesTo evaluate the reliability and validity of a children's carers’ feedback tool, to explore the feasibility of delivering this nationally and to determine acceptability to doctors of this assessment.Participants122 UK...

‘Letting it breathe’: Writing and performing the words of others

ABSTRACTSince 2004, I have written three plays whose central focus has been the personal narratives of real people. For each play I conducted the interviews that source the plays' content. I wrote the subsequent plays, and in some cases directed and performed in them. This article examines some of the challenges that arose when resituating personal narratives into performance. I examine challenges encountered during writing, rehearsal and performance, especially regarding representation and responsibility (in, for example, the issue of third-party representation). I discuss my method of ‘punctuating’ the transcribed material dialogue as a kind of free verse in order to try to ‘let it breathe’ in performance. The aim: to help actors in their delivery of verbatim text. The article draws on a final set of interviews, formal and informal, with the actors themselves—in order further to illuminate my process.

A Reflection on Plagiarism, Patchwriting, and the Engineering Master's Thesis.

The author reflects on the issues of plagiarism and source attribution faced by graduate students in the sciences and technology fields. He believes that it is a result of the disconnection between expectations on the students and the way they are being educated to satisfy those expectations. He discusses patchwriting, where a writer incorporates parts of verbatim source text into their own writing due to a lack of understanding of the sources that leads to inadequate paraphrasing, and its difference with plagiarism.

Textual Appropriation in Engineering Master’s Theses: A Preliminary Study

In the thesis literature review, an engineering graduate student is expected to place original research in the context of previous work by other researchers. However, for some students, particularly those for whom English is a second language, the literature review may be a mixture of original writing and verbatim source text appropriated without quotations. Such problematic use of source material leaves students vulnerable to an accusation of plagiarism, which carries severe consequences. Is such textual appropriation common in engineering master's writing? Furthermore, what, if anything, can be concluded when two texts have been found to have textual material in common? Do existing definitions of plagiarism provide a sufficient framework for determining if an instance of copying is transgressive or not? In a preliminary attempt to answer these questions, text strings from a random sample of 100 engineering master's theses from the ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database were searched for appropriated verbatim source text using the Google search engine. The results suggest that textual borrowing may indeed be a common feature of the master's engineering literature review, raising questions about the ability of graduate students to synthesize the literature. The study also illustrates the difficulties of making a determination of plagiarism based on simple textual similarity. A context-specific approach is recommended when dealing with any instance of apparent copying.

PEGMATITES by David London (2008).: The Canadian Mineralogist, Special Publication 10, 347 p. CDN$125.00 ($100.00 to members of MAC), ISBN: 978-0-921294-47-4.

This book is an exhaustive study of the realm of pegmatites, the exotic late-stage crystallized products of predominately granitic intrusives. So much for the simple explanation of the content of this volume. David London brings this subject to life in such captivating detail that it was literally hard to put down. His mix of taut scientific dialog and straightforward, down-to-earth descriptions make it a joy to read this special publication involving a very complex subject. The inclusion of verbatim text from other researchers in the field, wry humor, and historic quotes put in the context of pegmatite genesis, and the ability to pull so many research factors together make for a truly original textbook. The book will appeal to a wide ranging audience: researchers, graduate students, and knowledgeable collectors of pegmatite minerals. All readers will find invaluable information in this treatise. The book is split into two parts: Geology and Origins. The author brings his intimate knowledge of pegmatites to bear in both sections. His expert observations during field work and …

Method for simultaneously creating audio-aligned final and verbatim text with the assistance of a speech recognition program as may be useful in form completion using a verbal entry method

A system and method for creating a final text from an audio file. This has particular utility in completing forms with speech-to-text conversion. The system and method includes transcribing the audio file into a transcribed text file using a speech recognition program. They further include comparing the transcribed text file with a previously created text file to determine differences between the transcribed text file and the previously created text file. Finally, the system and method includes correcting one of the transcribed text file or the previously created text file based upon the differences to create the final text.

Breastfeeding Experiences of Urban Adolescent Mothers

This qualitative descriptive study examined the breastfeeding experiences of urban adolescent mothers using a combination of focus groups and semi-structured interviews. Analysis of verbatim interview text, field, and debriefing notes was undertaken to discover categories, themes and an emerging conceptual framework. Twenty-three teens, between the ages of 14 and 18, enrolled from two postpartum clinics described the process of teens' breastfeeding decision-making, initiation, continuation, and termination of breastfeeding. Roughly half of the teens were currently breastfeeding and the other half had weaned their infant within the last six months. Adolescent mothers chose breastfeeding mainly for infant health reasons, closeness and bonding. Positive and negative events; barriers and facilitators to continued breastfeeding; and types of support received during breastfeeding illuminated the experience starting in the hospital and extending over time. Among those who weaned, a combination of primary and secondary obstacles or problems, such as perceptions of insufficient milk supply, nipple/breast pain, time demands of school or work, problems with pumping, and feeling overwhelmed and frustrated led to weaning. Many who weaned did not seek out available help and ultimately many reported regret about weaning earlier than intended. Those who continued breastfeeding beyond six weeks reported significant emotional, informational and instrumental support from family, friends, school, and their babies. Implications for nursing practice and research are discussed.

Comparison of Wikipedia and other encyclopedias for accuracy, breadth, and depth in historical articles

PurposeThis paper seeks to provide reference librarians and faculty with evidence regarding the comprehensiveness and accuracy of Wikipedia articles compared with respected reference resources.Design/methodology/approachThis content analysis evaluated nine Wikipedia articles against comparable articles in Encyclopaedia Britannica, The Dictionary of American History and American National Biography Online in order to compare Wikipedia's comprehensiveness and accuracy. The researcher used a modification of a stratified random sampling and a purposive sampling to identify a variety of historical entries and compared each text in terms of depth, accuracy, and detail.FindingsThe study did reveal inaccuracies in eight of the nine entries and exposed major flaws in at least two of the nine Wikipedia articles. Overall, Wikipedia's accuracy rate was 80 percent compared with 95‐96 percent accuracy within the other sources. This study does support the claim that Wikipedia is less reliable than other reference resources. Furthermore, the research found at least five unattributed direct quotations and verbatim text from other sources with no citations.Research limitations/implicationsMore research must be undertaken to analyze Wikipedia entries in other disciplines in order to judge the source's accuracy and overall quality. This paper also shows the need for analysis of Wikipedia articles' histories and editing process.Practical implicationsThis research provides a methodology for further content analysis of Wikipedia articles.Originality/valueAlthough generalizations cannot be made from this paper alone, the paper provides empirical data to support concerns regarding the accuracy and authoritativeness of Wikipedia.

The influence of instruction on verbatim and content text recall

This investigation focuses on text recall in eight‐ and nine‐year old children. The main focus was on whether two different sets of instructions had a differential influence: one set instructed students to focus on an orally presented text verbatim, and the other instructed students to focus on its content. A differential influence on verbatim and content recall might indicate separate storage of verbatim and gist information, and could provide evidence for two subprocesses of text processing – that is, for construction and integration. The instructions were administered either before or after hearing the text, and recall was tested again one week later. The results showed differential instruction effects on verbatim and content recall. These effects depended on the time of instruction. Verbatim instruction had an enhancing effect on verbatim recall, both when instructions were given before and when given after text presentation. Content instruction given after text presentation had a suppressing effect on verbatim recall, but involved no advantage for content recall. Content recall was not suppressed by verbatim instruction at any time of instruction. Thus, the processing of content seems to be less situated than the processing of verbatim information.

Emergency Department Visits Among Pediatric Patients for Sports-related Injury

(1) To characterize the demographics and external causes of pediatric sports injury-related visits (SIRVs) to emergency departments (EDs). (2) To analyze the effect of race/ethnicity and insurance on SIRVs to EDs. A stratified random-sample cross-sectional survey of EDs in the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey was conducted from 1997-2001; for patients younger than 19 years, we used all visits [n = 33,654; injury-related visits (IRVs) = 13,496, SIRVs = 2990]. We examined both the external cause codes and the actual verbatim text of all IRVs. National estimates of pediatric IRVs were obtained using the assigned patient visit weights in the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey databases and SUDAAN 9.1 software (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC). Sports injuries resulted in 2.5 million visits annually, or 23% of ED IRVs. Male sex, older age (6-18 years), and white race/ethnicity are associated with higher rates of SIRVs. Cycling, basketball, playground injuries, and football resulted in the largest numbers of ED SIRVs. Leading diagnoses for SIRVs included fractures and dislocations, sprains and strains, open wounds, and contusions. Hispanic race/ethnicity was associated with lower rates of SIRVs across all insurance types. After controlling for demographic factors and insurance, Hispanic children were less likely to have an SIRV than white children (odds ratio, 0.7; 95% confidence interval, 0.6-0.9). Sports and recreation are the leading causes of pediatric ED IRVs. Hispanic children, regardless of insurance status, had lower rates of SIRVs than white children, which helps explain the lower rate of nonfatal IRVs to EDs among Hispanic youth.

Motivation and learning — The role of interest in construction of representation of text and long-term retention: Inter- and intraindividual analyses

The present work examined the influence of topic interest on the strength of different components of text representation and long-term retention according to the model of text processing by van Dijk and Kintsch (1983). A Series of relevant personality characteristics were assessed to control for alternative explanations of interest effect. A total of 286 8th, 9th, and 10th grade students was assigned to either a high topic interest or a low topic interest group. The participants had to read tow different texts (two weeks). Immediately afterwards, various process variables were assessed: Finally, participants weren given a recognition and verification tests, designed to assess the strength of the verbatim, propositional, and situational text representation. One Week after reading, students completed a recall rneasure: The interindividual finding with respect to the components of the representation of text revealed that the verbatim and the prepositional representation were not very predictable. The intraindividual analyses were more successful. The results were more consistent and interpretable with respect to the recall of text. It was shown quite clearly that the effects of interest are not only short-term. Most importantly, it could be shown that topic interest is related to text recall independently of other significant predictors.

What do they know?: a content analysis of women's perceptions of trial information

To examine interpretations of study information by women participating in ORACLE, a trial of antibiotics in preterm labour. Questionnaire survey sent to women recruited to the ORACLE trial. United Kingdom. A questionnaire was sent to 3074 ORACLE participants in a purposively selected sample of 55 collaborating maternity units, chosen to reflect a range of regions and of district general and teaching hospitals. Content analysis was applied to verbatim text provided in response to an open question. Responses were also compared with a framework based on key points about the purpose of ORACLE. Closed questions were analysed using descriptive statistics. Participants' interpretations of the purpose of the study. A response rate of 61% was achieved, and 1462 participants provided written answers to a specific question on why the study was being carried out. Content analysis suggested that the information leaflet was highly valued as a source of information about the trial. There was evidence that women's interpretations of the purpose of the trial were not identical to those that the investigators intended. Of the five key points about the trial described in the information leaflet, 400 (27%) participants reported one key point, 550 (38%) two key points, 229 (16%) three key points and 23 (1.5%) four key points. None reported five key points and it was not possible to classify 46 responses (3%). Vague, confused understanding or poor recall were evident in 204 (14%) of responses. Although the ORACLE trial was run as a model of good practice at the time, this study suggests that it may not be possible to demonstrate full understanding of trial purpose and design by all participants. Emphasis should be on the provision of full information that involves consumers in its design and evaluation.

Distinguishing characteristics of orally transmitted material when compared to material transmitted by literary means

AbstractControversy surrounds the relationship between the three Synoptic Gospels written by Mark, Matthew and Luke. In particular, researchers on the New Testament disagree about whether the similarities between these three Gospels can be attributed to copying from a common information source, or whether they are due to a reliance on common oral traditions. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the characteristics that might distinguish material that was orally transmitted from that which was copied. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to write short narratives about recent and historic events, using (a) no external sources (b) an external source which was to be returned before the narrative was written, or (c) an external source which was retained while the narrative was written. Results showed that long sequences of common verbatim text occurred only when external sources could be retained while the account was written, suggesting behaviour indicative of copying. In Experiment 2, however, different genres of material were examined (jokes, aphorisms, and poetry). Results showed that while long sequences of more than 18 words in verbatim sequence might be evidence of copying where narrative material is concerned, it is not necessarily true for poetry or aphorisms, where it is possible to transmit from memory more than 18 words in exact sequence. We conclude that when Gospel instances of long sequences of similar material are examined, copying is a likely explanation. But such instances only represent a small proportion of the total number of parallels. The majority of parallel traditions appear to rely on memory, consistent with the experimental evidence presented here. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.