Expressive Speech Research Articles

Challenging adult-centrism: speaking speech and the possibility of intergenerational dialogue

This paper reflects on the role of philosophy in the school environment, paying special attention to the promise of intergenerational dialogue carried forward by philosophy programmes associated with Lipman’s Philosophy for Children (P4C) curriculum and its current transformation into Philosophy with Children (PwC). There are two basic ideas that constitute the guiding thread of my reflections. Firstly, that philosophical interventions of that kind challenge adult-centric views of education and philosophy. Secondly, that such initiatives carry with them the promise of acknowledging children as equal participants in the process of philosophical questioning and meaning creation. In the first part of the paper, I argue for the importance of understanding the act of philosophizing with children as a disruption of adult-centrism.First, I reflect on a narrow future-directedness that seems to characterize the temporality of school. I suggest that Philosophy for/with Children (P4wC) interventions interrupt such a future-directedness inviting the students to immerse themselves into a dilated ‘now’ of multiple possibilities. Then, I reflect on the ways in which P4wC interventions challenge the assumption that philosophy is an adult preoccupation. Special attention is paid to the work of scholars who challenge our restrictive assumptions about what qualifies as philosophical thinking.In the second part of my paper, I turn to the work of Merleau-Ponty with the aim of sketching out some requirements for the possibility of a dialogue between childhood and adulthood. I suggest that Merleau-Ponty’s reflections on childhood and expressive speech are invaluable in the context of P4wC because they invite us 1) to appreciate the alterity of children without reducing them to inferior ‘others’ and 2) to remain alert to the expressivity of children’s speech.

Difficulties in mastering phrasal verbs in professional English

The article deals with the issue of the usage of phrasal verbs in professional English. First, profound knowledge of modern English is impossible without a confident command of phrasal verbs. Secondly, phrasal verbs are among the most used verbs in everyday colloquial speech and it is impossible to imagine modern English without them. One of the predominant features of phrasal verbs is that the meaning of the same verb can change beyond recognition or become opposite in combination with different postpositions. Precisely because of this, the purpose of the research is connected with the identification of challenges encountered in mastering phrasal verbs due to these combinations functioning not only at the everyday level but also as a full-fledged component of the language ofprofessional communication. This suggests that the semantic relationships between the parts of phrasal verbs are crucial. To achieve the set goal, the following methods of teaching were applied: descriptive (for a general description of the context of a phrasal verb in English); contextual-interpretive (to identify the functional and semantic meaning of a phrasal verb), as well as a method of creating a problem situation using a phrasal verb. The author highlights the main features of phrasal verbs that cause difficulties in learning English, considers lexico-semantic variants of phrasal verbs presented in modern phraseological dictionaries; gives some examples of professionally oriented phrasal verbs in modern English and the reasons for their appearance. It has been proved that modern English is difficult to imagine without them owing to their specificity, diversity of the context, and semantic relationships between the parts of phrasal verbs. The same can be said about their polysemy, variety, and idiomaticity. Such popularity of phrasal verbs is explained by their semantic brevity and informativeness. They can be a highly productive means of language economy. The functioning of phrasal verbs is directly related to the mobility of these language combinations, and their ability to acquire new and transform existing lexical meanings for their expansion to new concepts and phenomena. In turn, scientific and methodical bases of using phrasal verbs in the appropriate professional English context will serve as a perspective for further research.

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНАЯ КАРТИНА МИРА КАК КОГНИТИВНЫЙ КОМПОНЕНТ ЯЗЫКОВОЙ ЛИЧНОСТИ РЕБЕНКА С РАССТРОЙСТВОМ АУТИСТИЧЕСКОГО СПЕКТРА

The article considers the possibility of expanding the methods of correcting the speech and cognitive skills of a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by referring to the analysis of the conceptual picture of the world as a component of the child's linguistic personality. The basis of the conceptual picture of the world is a unique mental product associated with the peculiarities of the transformation and interpretation of information by an individual. This peculiarity of the conceptual picture of the world provides rich ground for research in the field of cultural linguistics, however, the application of the theory of the conceptual picture of the world can be no less effective in psychological and pedagogical practice, in particular, in working with children with autism spectrum disorder. The results of the study of the conceptual picture of the world are presented and a model of its development in children with ASD, who have the initial skills of expressive speech, is developed. The significance of an integrated approach to the development of the language personality of a child with ASD is substantiated, which implies a simultaneous impact on all language levels and cognitive activity of the child. Particular emphasis is placed on the sequence of correctional activities of a specialist in the context of the development of the linguistic personality of a child with ASD, taking into account the peculiarities of his conceptual picture of the world.

Theoretical and methodical aspects of teaching and identification of figurative speech while reading literary text

The study of literary theory in school is inseparably connected with the teaching of literature itself. From the primary grades, students should, in parallel with the program material on literature, familiarize themselves with the elements and specifics of expressive speech, with the means of figurative thinking, and also understand literary terms, etc. Students find it difficult to find and identify certain figurative means of expression, mainly comparisons and epithets, and they also do not distinguish epithets from metaphors. You can achieve the desired result by applying a variety of strategies and activities in learning. You must remember that it is important to be able not only to memorize and repeat the types of trope mechanically, but their practical application must be taught to find, identify and determine their functions and meaning in the text.

Tindak Tutur Ekspresif dan Strategi Bertutur Guru dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 41 Padang

The purpose of this research is twofold. First, the forms of expressive speech acts used by Indonesian language teachers in the learning process for class VIII SMP Negeri 41 Padang. Second, the speaking strategy used by Indonesian language teachers in the process of learning Indonesian for class VIII SMP Negeri 41 Padang. This type of research is a qualitative research with descriptive method. The results of this study are twofold. First, there are five forms of expressive speech acts for teachers in learning Indonesian in class VIII SMP Negeri 41 Padang, (1) expressive speech acts of apologizing, (2) expressive speech acts of praising, (3) expressive speech acts of blaming, (4) expressive speech acts expressive criticizing, and (5) expressive speech act of thanking. Second, the teacher's speaking strategy in learning Indonesian for class VIII SMP Negeri 41 Padang there are four, (1) the strategy of speaking frankly without further ado, (2) the strategy of speaking frankly with pleasantries of positive politeness, (3) the strategy of speaking directly clear with negative politeness pleasantries, and (4) vague speaking strategies. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that there were five forms of expressive speech acts by teachers in Indonesian language learning class VIII SMP Negeri 41 Padang, and there were also four teacher speech strategies in learning Indonesian for class VIII SMP Negeri 41 Padang.

THE TRANSLATION OF SPEECH ACTS IN ARABIC LEGAL DOCUMENTS: A CASE STUDY OF PALESTINE DIVORCE CONTRACTS

This study deals with the translation of speech acts in legal documents from Arabic into English. It aims at describing the translatability of speech acts to determine whether there are meaning loss or meaning gain and the reasons behind that. In doing so, the study follows Searle’s speech acts concept and taxonomy since Searle’s taxonomy is based on the illocutionary force of the speech act. Being a qualitative study, samples of translated divorce contracts have been collected from Palestinian sworn translators and translation certified offices. Speech acts have been identified, categorized, and analyzed based on Searle taxonomy. Then, the translation of the speech acts is analyzed in terms of the meaning of the illocutionary force of the different speech acts. The study has revealed that the illocutionary force is conveyed completely in some cases. In other cases, it is affected by the translators’ choices in using active voices instead of passive voices, present perfect and simple past instead of simple present, mistranslation of some verbs expressing directive force, probability modals instead of prohibition modals, style shift from direct speech into indirect speech, and omission of introducing verbs of speech act force. It is concluded that both sematic and pragmatic norms should be taken into consideration in translating speech acts of legal documents, which optimize Arabic - English legal translation.

Semi-Supervised Learning for Robust Emotional Speech Synthesis with Limited Data

Emotional speech synthesis is an important branch of human–computer interaction technology that aims to generate emotionally expressive and comprehensible speech based on the input text. With the rapid development of speech synthesis technology based on deep learning, the research of affective speech synthesis has gradually attracted the attention of scholars. However, due to the lack of quality emotional speech synthesis corpus, emotional speech synthesis research under low-resource conditions is prone to overfitting, exposure error, catastrophic forgetting and other problems leading to unsatisfactory generated speech results. In this paper, we proposed an emotional speech synthesis method that integrates migration learning, semi-supervised training and robust attention mechanism to achieve better adaptation to the emotional style of the speech data during fine-tuning. By adopting an appropriate fine-tuning strategy, trade-off parameter configuration and pseudo-labels in the form of loss functions, we efficiently guided the learning of the regularized synthesis of emotional speech. The proposed SMAL-ET2 method outperforms the baseline methods in both subjective and objective evaluations. It is demonstrated that our training strategy with stepwise monotonic attention and semi-supervised loss method can alleviate the overfitting phenomenon and improve the generalization ability of the text-to-speech model. Our method can also enable the model to successfully synthesize different categories of emotional speech with better naturalness and emotion similarity.

The discourse uses of the verb dire ‘to say’ in Vernacular French: A corpus-based exploration

This article provides a descriptive account of the major uses of the speech verb dire “to say” in Vernacular French. CLAPI Corpus (Corpus de Langue Parlée en Interaction), which is a multimedia database of corpora recorded in real situations (i.e. professional, institutional, commercial, didactic, and medical) is used. Five major uses of the verb dire are found, namely quotative (speech) dire, epistemic dire¸ evocative dire, desiderative dire, and copular dire. Unlike quotative dire, epistemic dire, evocative dire, desiderative dire and copular dire are restricted in terms of their occurrences (with varying degrees between them). For instance, the verb dire under some of these uses does not take place in the perfect tense, while under other uses it is only restricted to a specific type of subjects (i.e. the demonstrative pronoun ça). We take these restrictions as evidence that this verb undergoes different stages of grammaticalization. Therefore, the study concludes that the verb dire is a target of a grammaticalization process that causes the semantic shift that the verb dire in Spoken French witnesses.

Give me a Vote: How Nepalese Mayoral Candidates Perform Speech Acts on Facebook?

Background: Social media, particularly at the time of the election, are frequently used by politicians for communication with their voters. Among different social media, Facebook is the most popular media in Nepal. Objectives: In this context, the paper has analyzed how the eighteen mayoral candidates of the Local Election-2022 from six Metropolises of Nepal have performed different illocutionary speech acts while communicating with their voters through posts on Facebook. Methods: Developing a protocol, selected 394 posts of two candidates of the major political parties and one independent candidate from each metropolis are selected as data for analysis. The status updates on Facebook of these candidates from the day of their nomination to the election silence period before the voting day are collected for analysis. The taxonomy of illocutionary speech acts developed by Searle is taken as the theoretical base to analyze the collected written updates. Results: The study has found extreme use of assertive speech acts and occasional use of declarative speech acts in the status updates by the mayoral candidates. There are no fundamental differences between the winning and losing candidates regarding their culture of using or ignoring particular speech acts. Conclusions: Communicating the certainty or the inaccuracy of the proposition in the form of extreme assertive speech acts by the candidate indicates the usual reporting character of them rather than adopting other rational and expressive speech acts to move the audience. It also indicates that they perform different speech acts without being conscious of the inherent characteristics of the acts. The study supports scrutinizing the communication skills of the politicians of urban Nepal in terms of doing politics with words.

ОСНОВНЫЕ ПУТИ РАЗВИТИЯ ЯЗЫКОВОЙ ЛИЧНОСТИ РЕБЕНКА С РАССТРОЙСТВОМ АУТИСТИЧЕСКОГО СПЕКТРА

The article provides a substantiation of the significance of the development of the linguistic personality of a child with an autism spectrum disorder. This article also puts forward the idea of creating a set of exercises aimed at the consistent development of the levels of the child's linguistic personality. We pay special attention to examples of exercises for psychological and correctional practice. Consistent development of the three levels of the language personality of a child with ASD will effectively influence not only the formation of communication and social skills, but also cognitive development. A clear distinction between three levels (according to Yu. N. Karaulov): verbal-semantic, cognitive and motivational is rather arbitrary, since in practice all three levels related to each other. In this paper, we propose to revise the hierarchy of levels of linguistic personality, distributing them in reverse order: motivational, cognitive and verbal-semantic. It is in this order that we propose to carry out correctional work with children of preschool and primary school age who have an autism spectrum disorder. A prerequisite for working with this category of children is that they have adequately expressed verbal skills of both expressive and impressive speech. The article presents a set of tasks that allow influencing the cognitive and speech impairments in children with ASD through the formation of internal communicative motivation.

The domain-separation language network dynamics in resting state support its flexible functional segregation and integration during language and speech processing

Modern linguistic theories and network science propose that language and speech processing are organized into hierarchical, segregated large-scale subnetworks, with a core of dorsal (phonological) stream and ventral (semantic) stream. The two streams are asymmetrically recruited in receptive and expressive language or speech tasks, which showed flexible functional segregation and integration. We hypothesized that the functional segregation of the two streams was supported by the underlying network segregation. A dynamic conditional correlation approach was employed to construct framewise time-varying language networks and k-means clustering was employed to investigate the temporal-reoccurring patterns. We found that the framewise language network dynamics in resting state were robustly clustered into four states, which dynamically reconfigured following a domain-separation manner. Spatially, the hub distributions of the first three states highly resembled the neurobiology of speech perception and lexical-phonological processing, speech production, and semantic processing, respectively. The fourth state was characterized by the weakest functional connectivity and was regarded as a baseline state. Temporally, the first three states appeared exclusively in limited time bins (∼15%), and most of the time (> 55%), state 4 was dominant. Machine learning-based dFC-linguistics prediction analyses showed that dFCs of the four states significantly predicted individual linguistic performance. These findings suggest a domain-separation manner of language network dynamics in resting state, which forms a dynamic “meta-network” framework to support flexible functional segregation and integration during language and speech processing.

A novel mutation in the SOX5 gene c.1627del; p.(Tyr543IlefsTer14) is associated to Lamb–Shaffer syndrome: a case report

BackgroundLamb–Shaffer syndrome (LAMSHF) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by heterozygous mutation or microdeletion involving the SOX5 gene. LAMSHF is characterize by developmental delay, intellectual disability, poor expressive speech, mild dysmorphic facial features and skeletal abnormalities.Case presentationWe presented a case of a child with delayed psychomotor development in all areas, scoliosis, peculiar facies, and suspicion of intermittent endotropia, alteration in the alignment of one foot and difficulty in standing. These clinical features lead to genetics studies, in which a novel pathogenic variant in the SOX5 gene was detected in association with LAMSHF.ConclusionsLAMSHF should be suspected in patients with developmental delay, speech delay, intellectual disability, behavioural disturbances, ophthalmological alterations and skeletal abnormalities. A novel pathogenic mutation in the SOX5 gene c.1627del p.(Tyr543IlefsTer14) was identified in this patient as responsible of Lamb–Shaffer syndrome. This case contributes to understanding the genetic characteristics, clinical features, and diagnosis of LAMSHF.

Flouting Relevance Maxim Benefits of Hillary Clinton's President Candidate Debate on 2016

This research has an objective to analyze and reveal the benefits of flouting the relevance maxim of Hillary Clinton's speech in the 2016 USA candidate presidential debate. The data consist of the debate transcript which was taken from the Washington Post website, and a video that could be watched on YouTube. They are analyzed by confirming the relevance of semantic answers to every question within the context of speech. In the end, there are nine findings of the benefits of flouting the relevance maxim, which consists of increasing positive self-impression, avoiding giving direct agreement to a sensitive issue, closing potential negative attacks, decreasing the rival's credibility, guessing truthfulness, beating the rival's credibility, increasing effort to show positive personal credibility, telling the rival's past negative history, and proposing indirect conclusion. The findings are the implication of the complex use of verbal speech that is combined with action. The formal situation of the debate supports the maximum benefit of every flouting relevance maxim. The main conclusion of this research is that flouting the relevance maxim only sometimes negatively impacts both a speaker and an interlocutor. The impact is influenced by complex factors such as the background of the occasion, past conditions, and passion for an interaction.

Diagnosis of autism in a rare case of tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency: a case report

BackgroundTyrosine hydroxylase deficiency (THD) is a rare movement disorder with broad phenotypic expression caused by bi-allelic mutations in the TH gene, which encode for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein. Some patients with THD have improvement in dystonia with carbidopa–levodopa, a synthetic form of dopamine typically used in Parkinson’s disease, and are considered to have dopa-responsive THD. THD has been found in 0.5–1 per million persons, although due to overlapping symptoms with other disorders and the need for genetic testing, prevalence is likely underestimated. Existing literature describes some patients with THD having intellectual disability, but comorbid autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has not been reported.Case presentationA nearly 3-year-old boy was referred to pediatric neurology due to hypotonia, delayed motor milestones, and expressive speech delay. Whole exome sequencing confirmed tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency, detecting a novel variant p.S307C first reported here. The child was treated with carbidopa–levodopa with an excellent response, resulting in improved balance, fewer falls, and improved ability to jump, run and climb stairs. He was determined to have dopa-responsive THD. Due to his delays in expressive speech, the boy also had an assessment with a developmental and behavioral pediatrician, who identified a pattern of social pragmatic speech delay, sensory sensitivities, and restricted interests, and determined that he met criteria for a diagnosis of ASD.ConclusionsWhile ASD can stand alone as a clinical diagnosis, it is also a cardinal feature of other genetically-based neurological disorders. To our knowledge, this is the first case that describes a patient with both disorders. Perhaps THD may be among the genetic disorders linked with ASD.

Правое полушарие и восстановление речи при постинсультной афазии

<p style="text-align: justify;">The analytical review presents the clinical, neurobiological, and neuropsychological aspects of post-stroke aphasia as well as the role of the right hemisphere in speech recovery. The paper shows the influence of size, topography, lesion depth, cerebral hemodynamic plasticity, initial morphometric characteristics of the brain, and handedness on the functional recovery of aphasia. The review considers the typology and mechanisms of the appearance of "stealing symptoms" of homologous and non-homologous regions of the intact hemisphere. The "low-level" and "high-level" models of language competence of the right hemisphere are analyzed. The study describes the topography of the brain activation regions in the intact hemisphere during various speech task-solving. The paper shows the heterochrony between impressive and expressive speech recovery in aphasics and its bilateral inter-lateral distribution. The authors conclude that to clarify the mechanisms of aphasia recovery, it is necessary for a comprehensive account of clinical, neurobiological and neuropsychological patterns of speech disorder reparation in different post-stoke epochs. The paper notices that a deeper understanding of the impact of structural and functional repairment of speech processes on the aphasia outcome, it needs to assess the relationship between the degree of speech disorders reduction and the lateral vector of speech architectonics in the post-stroke period.</p>

STRATEGIES FOR DEFENDING ARGUMENTS BY SPEAKERS IN THE DUA SISI PROGRAM ON TV ONE THROUGH ILLOCUTIONARY SPEECH ACTS

This study aims to present the types of illocutionary speech and describe the illocutionary functions in the program "Dua Sisi" on TV One. This research is a descriptive qualitative study with a pragmatic approach. The data source for this research consists of oral data taken from video conversations in the "Dua Sisi" program on TV One within the time frame of 2021-2022. The oral data, which includes speech, was downloaded from YouTube using the methods of observation, documentation, and note-taking. The research findings indicate that in the "Dua Sisi" program on TV One, there are three types of illocutionary speech, namely assertive, directive, and expressive speech. Moreover, there are ten illocutionary functions used by the speakers in the "Dua Sisi" program on TV One, which include sarcasm, insults, provocation, praise, suggestion, clarification, blame, invitation, criticism, and command.

Human Rights as Space-Making: Bodily Performative Activism Against Sexual Violence in Egypt

ABSTRACT This article introduces the concept of space-making as a form of human rights activism. To develop the concept, I use the example of contentious street activism against sexual violence in post-2011 Egypt. My research has found that feminist activists utilised human rights as a legal tool for improving legislation and policy and as a linguistic strategy to challenge derogatory discourse. Using human rights in these two ways required that activists identify violations of rights and articulate their demands. Yet the contentious street activism in Egypt against sexual violence did not contain verbal utterances, so it cannot be captured through these two dimensions of human rights. In this article, I explore how to capture and analyse activism that sits within a human rights framework, but which is devoid of specific rights claims or clarified motives, where the focus seems instead to be on the public space. By engaging with theories of performativity, vulnerability, rights claiming, and subjectivisation, I argue that through modes of activism against sexual violence that take the form of performative bodily enactments of space, people convert themselves into the human rights subjects they are told they cannot be.

Tindak Tutur Ilokusi Deddy Corbuzier Dengan Bintang Tamu Nadiem Makarim Dalam Podcast Close The Door

This study aims to describe the form of Deddy Corbuzier's illocutionary speech acts in his video podcast, so the focus of the problem related to this research is how Deddy Corbuzier's illocutionary speech acts are formed. The type of research used in this research is qualitative research using descriptive methods. The data in this study are illocutionary speech acts conveyed by Deddy Corbuzier in videos on his YouTube account. Based on the results of the study, it was found that in the utterances expressed by Deddy Corbuzier on his YouTube video content which was used as a data source, there were 32 forms of illocutionary speech acts, namely declaration, directive, expressive, representative, and commissive speech acts. The forms of speech acts that are often found in this study are expressive and representative speech acts.

You're Not You When You're Angry: Robust Emotion Features Emerge by Recognizing Speakers

The robustness of an acoustic emotion recognition system hinges on first having access to features that represent an acoustic input signal. These representations should abstract extraneous low-level variations present in acoustic signals and only capture speaker characteristics relevant for emotion recognition. Previous research has demonstrated that, in other classification tasks, when large labeled datasets are available, neural networks trained on these data learn to extract robust features from the input signal. However, the datasets used for developing emotion recognition systems remain significantly smaller than those used for developing other speech systems. Thus, acoustic emotion recognition systems remain in need of robust feature representations. In this work, we study the utility of speaker embeddings, representations extracted from a trained speaker recognition network, as robust features for detecting emotions. We first study the relationship between emotions and speaker embeddings, and demonstrate how speaker embeddings highlight the differences that exist between neutral speech and emotionally expressive speech. We quantify the modulations that variations in emotional expression incur on speaker embeddings, and show how these modulations are greater than those incurred from lexical variations in an utterance. Finally, we demonstrate how speaker embeddings can be used as a replacement for traditional low-level acoustic features for emotion recognition.

Analysis of Perlocutional Speech Acts on Whatsapp Chat

Whatsapp is an internet-based application that has the potential to be used as a medium of communication. The use of WhatsApp itself is simple and does not require a password and is directly connected to contacts and on time to send messages. This analysis aims to describe perlocutionary speech acts contained in whatsapp chat. The data source in this analysis is the man's whatsapp chat. In this analysis, the data were analyzed using perlocutionary speech acts, namely speech acts that refer to the effects that speakers have by saying something, such as making them feel confident, happy and motivated. According to Searle in Chaer (2010: 29-30) types of speech in pragmatics are divided into five namely representative, directive, expressive, commissive, and declaration grouping speech acts into five types, namely representative, directive, expressive, commissive, and declaration speech acts. From the results of the analysis of the twenty data that has been collected, there are 6 data included in the three perlocutionary speech acts, namely 1 directive perlocutionary speech act data (supplication), 2 directive perlocutionary speech act data (confirming), 1 perlocutionary speech act data directive (instructions), 1 data of assertive perlocutionary speech acts (suggesting) and 1 data of expressive perlocutionary acts (quipping).