Verbal Signs Research Articles

Directions of objectivity. Cassirer on art as a symbolic language

AbstractIn this paper I argue that 1) art is, for Cassirer, a symbolic language whereby images (or poetic expressions) work analogously to verbal signs in order to frame and codify meaningful objective contents, namely symbolic formations that constitute objects in a specific region of culture. I claim that 2a) both art and language rely on what I call symbolic-poietic mimesis: a function meant to 2b) combine imitative and constructive states in order to shape a proto-meaningful core according to its symbolic pregnance and 3a) employ forms that are, on the one hand, pure (not derived from experience) and, on the other hand, sensuous (figurative signs). The idea is that while 4a) both language and art are oriented towards objectivity as the constitution of cultural objects, 4b) they also differ in their respective directions. On the one hand, language pursues stable and fixed verbal references. On the other, art relies on moving and living forms meant to codify a dynamic weft of aesthetic values.

On the Relations Between Non-Verbal Signs and Norms

AbstractAlthough the presumption that norms are necessarily expressed by words has traditionally prevailed in the scientific community, some scholars are challenging verbal-centrism in the normative domain. While sympathising with this cause, this paper argues that not every case in which a norm is expressible by a non-verbal sign is a case in which that norm is genetically or ontologically word-free. After mapping the different relations that can exist between a sign and a norm, the paper shows that the holding of many of them should not be taken per se as evidence for the thesis that some norms are genetically or ontologically word-independent, no matter that the sign is non-verbal. In particular, the paper analyses why some eminent examples of normative non-verbal signs like red traffic lights, traffic warden’s outstretched arms, referee’s whistles, and word-free no smoking signs, are not good evidence for the claim that some norms are not produced by or do not consist of verbal signs.

Bridging the Gap: Deep Learning Techniques for American Sign Language Recognition

Abstract: Communication stands upon the pillars of verbal and non-verbal conversations, and hence it holds the basis of human social relationships. Along with words, gestures are another component of nonverbal communication that achieves the purpose of conveying the intended sense and bridging the gab of the languages and cultures. People with speech or hearing problems usually read manual or verbal signs that often don't make sense to a hearing-challenged person. Gestures are the first sign of instruction that overcomes the speech gap. A kaleidoscopic patchwork of facial expressions comprising of facial movements and body language! Such variations occurring in linguistic areas overall are not surprising, as community cultures and tongues around the planet typically shape their language. In the United States and Canada, American Sign Language (ASL) is common and is an independent language from what is heard in the surrounding community but is also used as a way of communication between individuals and in groups that are deaf and hearing alike. There are some restrictions. Common language review and adequate practice are of crucial importance here, that is why it is so hard for deaf people to work outside. The accessibility of the translation tools decreases radically, which means it will be difficult to communicate, and it will further be hard to understand and to be understood. By integrating the AI technologies as neural networks and deep learning into the goals, the system will proceed to bridging various communication channels from manual writing to voice operation. The task goes with webcam installation together with gesture capture and then as an input it goes to the system. The proposed model will be divided into several stages namely, data acquisition, pre-training to the neural network, testing and the post-testing phases. This research project will do that through developing digital technology which in turn will enhance accessibility, encourage integration and let people who are film-blind or deaf to associate with the environment.

Intersemiotic Translation: Mat Dollah’s Batik Paintings of the Malay Folktale “Puteri Gunung Ledang”

In translation studies, intersemiotic translation, which is the transference of a verbal sign system to a non-verbal sign, vice-versa or between two non-verbal modes, is a dynamically creative form of translation often involving literary works. Intersemiotic translations make it possible for written source texts to be brought to life in various artistic ways; they can usurp the power of the written word to transfer sense and meaning through unforgettable images from one culture to another. Folktales, documented in writings, have been translated into many different forms, such as in performing arts, animations, paintings, and illustrated books. This article examines the intersemiotic translation of the evergreen Malay folktale, “Puteri Gunung Ledang” or “The Princess of Mount Ledang” recreated in the form of batik paintings by the batik artist, Mat Dollah. The first specific objective of this study is to identify the variant and invariant features in Mat Dollah’s representation of the folktale by comparing his batik paintings to its original written account. The second objective is to investigate Mat Dollah’s skopos or purpose for recreating the folktale in his batik paintings in the ways that he has represented it. Six selected batik paintings of the folktale are analysed using Kress and Van Leeuwen’s (2006) multimodality approaches in visual grammar focusing on social actor representations and viewer networks (2008), colour (2011) and modality to fulfil the first objective. Transcripts from an email interview with the painter are analysed to fulfil the second objective. In this study, Vermeer's Skopos Theory underpins the overall discussion. The findings show that one invariant core links the batik paintings to the written source text. Next, the skopos or purpose of the artist in producing these recreations in his own unique ways is strongly influenced by his personal experience, his work as an artist, and his perspectives of the world. Two key insights can be surmised about intersemiotic translations from these findings. Firstly, it is the translators’ intent that determines the translation strategies used, ultimately shaping the final translated product. Secondly, this makes the translator’s presence highly visible in intersemiotic translations.

Visual Representation of Photography on the Cover of Fiction Novels

As a visual sign, photography is considered to be the right medium to represent an object with all its resemblance with the reality. The reality embedded in a photography is in line with the reliability of its audience who adhere to "seeing is believing" or believing in seeing. On the other hand, carefully structured verbal signs in a storyline appear in a narrative medium, one of which is a novel. Most novels that are considered popular are then often adapted to the story of a big screen film and then the cover of the original novel is replaced with a photo work that is considered as a representation of the story in a film. This research will examine how photography becomes an instrument of visual representation in conveying the message of the content of fiction novels and finding out the imagery relationships constructed by both verbal and pictorial texts on the cover of novels. This study used descriptive qualitative methods that would describe the aspects and characteristics of a particular message through empirical interpretation. It is hoped that the results of this study will add to the discourse on the visual representation of photography that can effectively deliver the message of the story by representing the entire narrative in the novel with just one frame in the form of a novel cover.

Standpoint Suicide Attempts Dalam Film Kembang Api

Suicide is a serious public health issue, with approximately 800,000 deaths each year according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In Indonesia, suicides are increasing, reaching 971 incidents by 2023. The movie "Kembang Api" raises the issue of mental health, suicide and emphasizes the importance of the value of life. This research aims to analyze the reasons behind the suicide attempt in the movie "Kembang Api" through the Standpoint perspective using Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis. The method used in this research includes analyzing the visual and verbal signs in the film to reveal the emotional and psychological burden experienced by the characters. The results show that these signs reflect heavy emotional and psychological burdens, reinforcing the representation of the characters' reasons for considering suicide. The film depicts the complexity of each character's emotions and struggles, emphasizing the importance of empathy, social support and understanding of mental health issues. Thus, the movie "Kembang Api" becomes a social mirror that invites viewers to understand and support individuals struggling with emotional and psychological problems.

Double strategies for reproducing multimodal puns in interlinguistic translation: Experimental research

The research is dedicated to exposing the specifics of translating multimodal puns based on the retrospective experiment. A multimodal pun is defined as a creolized/ polycoded formation substantiated by a specific type of ambiguity consisting of two inhomogeneous semiotic modes. The material for our research was provided by verbal-visual puns functioning as separate texts. Each multimodal pun results from intersemiotic translation when the signs of one semiotic system are transformed into the signs of another. For the vast majority of multimodal puns, verbal signs are interpreted into pictures, but the opposite cannot be excluded either. The role of the visual component is twofold. It can be creative when the picture is part of the ambiguity mechanism, or it can be amplifying when the picture accentuates the verbal wordplay, not participating directly in the creation of ambiguity. Hence, our first hypothesis is that multimodal puns with an amplifying visual component are a lesser challenge for translators than those with a creative one due to the absence of the necessity to coordinate verbal and visual modes in the target text. The research aims to identify the strategies of interlinguistic translation of multimodal puns and the factors that determine them, particularly the impact of the visual mode on the translator’s decision-making. Hence, our second hypothesis is that multimodal puns require double strategies that would allow to correlate the reproduction of the elements of two different semiotic systems. The analysis of the subjects’ translations, as well as their reports received in the course of the delayed retrospective experiment, confirmed both hypotheses. Disclosure Statement The authors reported no potential conflicts of interest. * Corresponding author: Oleksandr Rebrii, 0000-0002-4912-7489o.v.rebrii@karazin.ua

FICTION AS SYNTHESIS OF MULTI-MODE MEANS OF PRESENTING NARRATIVE INFORMATION

Despite a considerable number of discoveries made in the XX and XXI centuries in the field of linguistics, there still remain a few global problems demanding their solution or treatment on the new level of scientific and social development. Amongst those, we shall mention the issue of giving a clearcut definition of fiction. This challenge has become even more difficult due to such new literary forms as digital literature, comics, fanfiction, narrative videogames, etc. Thus, the topicality of the article follows from the linguo-gnoseological importance of defining the very term “fiction” in a world with the dominance of computer technologies, providing more and more new ways of transmitting information. Our work is also motivated by the lack of serious research suggesting objective criteria for a modern piece of fiction. Hence, the research aims at specifying what can be understood as fiction in modern conditions and at characterizing the peculiarities of narrative representation in fiction today. The work is grounded on the postulates of information theory and narrative studies, coupled with classical methods of linguistic analysis. Thus, the results obtained in the process of investigation can be summarized in the following conclusions. A piece of fiction is a work of art which is built around a certain narrative. Its aesthetic component is shaped by the latter and by the communicative goal set up by the author. Narrative here is codified by means of verbal (and sometimes non-verbal) signs and presents an extra-lingual situation arousing the reader’s interest since it reflects or has nothing to do with their own cognitive experience, teases their ability to predict the plotline and influences their world pictures in the process of indirect communication with the author. The very existence of a number of modes objectivizing one and the same narrative (or its close invariants), like movies, comics, fanfiction, gamebooks, videogames, etc., enhances the reader’s immersion and the impact made by the narrative, granting the audience multi-existence and generating a new Gestalt-like quasi-universe in their minds.

Development of “sacredness-morality” concept in Russian pedagogical education of the last century

Introduction. The article is the result of analyzing complex dual-core concept of “Sacredness and Morality” in the discourse of educational text on pedagogy. Aim and objectives. The purpose of this study is to develop a model of the concept for pedagogical discourse, including its basic conceptual features.Materials and Methods. Conceptological analysis made it possible to develop a system of conceptual features for each of the nuclear concepts.Results. The structure of the concept has five conceptual features characteristic of both nuclear concepts: ideality, complexity, achievability, social and individual conditionality. The resulting model was applied to the textbooks on pedagogy of pre-Revolution, Soviet and post-Soviet periods. In all cases, it established incomplete relationship with the original linguistic form. In preRevolution period, concept structure did not expose two cores, sacredness concept had a complex structure and is individually conditioned, possibility of its full implementation was rather denied, verbal signs of its dependence on social attitudes were not found in the text, and sign of ideality was not fully realized. The implementation of concept in the textbook of mid-twentieth century looked too idealized. The construction of an absolutely new communist morality made it possible to present current understanding of the concept in “broad strokes”, to express the neophytes’ conviction in reality of embodying standard of a true communist through the means of Soviet education. The model proposed by modern authors did not implement core of morality in general. The textbook returns to one of original ideas about sacredness, but with significant differences. Firstly, it equalized all religious ideas and excluded dominance of one confession in education process. Secondly, it perceived weak social conditioning as a shortcoming that must have been eliminated.Discussion and Conclusions. Analysis of the factors limiting full concept representation lead to recommendations for their elimination. We propose to consider modern request for sacred and moral education in light of normal evolution of the concept underlying it. Despite the words order in nominating phrase, morality core is interpretive and fundamental for a correct understanding of sacredness. For effective work on needs of moral education, we recommend organizing practical work consistently, with progressive and gradual formation of first moral values, and then sacred ones. The basic principles of such work should be those conceptual features that are regularly and fully implemented in each of concept cores.

Semiotic Mathematics Representation Ability Based on Symbolic in Solving SPLSV Problems in Class VII Students

Mathematical semiotic representation is the ability to analyze and express mathematical ideas or notions of a phenomenon and everyday problem situations into the form of signs, images, symbols, and symbols that represent them and provide meaning and explanation to a package of verbal sign messages. The symbolic stage is the stage where students have understood the symbols and concepts and have ideas that are strongly influenced by language and logic skills and students are able to manipulate symbols or symbols of a particular object. The purpose of this study was to determine the representation of symbolic-based mathematical semiotics in seventh grade students of MTS Al Barokah Ajung Jember on SPLSV material using qualitative descriptive method. The instrument used by researchers in the form of written test questions consisting of two questions tailored to the symbolic representation that has two indicators that use mathematical symbols to solve problems and interpret mathematical symbols. From the results of research that has been done obtained the error of representation on indicators using mathematical symbols to solve the problem of 100% and error of representation on indicators interpreting mathematical symbols of 0%. Several studies have been carried out to explain the mistakes that students make in representation skills. This paper presents the ability of mathematical symbolic semiotic representation of students who are more specific in solving SPLSV problems that can be considered by teachers in designing learning about the ability of mathematical semiotic representation and information for observers of mathematics education.

Denotation and connotation meaning in Little Women: reflection of liberal feminism through verbal and non-verbal signs in a movie

This research aims to determine the meaning of denotation and connotation in Little Women (2019) movie. It employed a qualitative approach. Purposive sampling technique was used to select verbal and non-verbal signs containing feminism issues. In analyzing the data, this research applied Barthes’ (1986) semiotics and the theory of liberal feminism (Tong and Botts, 2018). The data taken are four scenes in the movie. Based on the analysis, it reveals two findings. The denotation reflects the original, actual, or objective meaning of the non- and verbal signs that has been universally agreed upon. Meanwhile the connotation implies the meaning which is not real and is influenced by the reader/viewer’s feelings, emotions, and cultural values. The signs’ meanings there represent liberal feminism in four fields: workplace, social, domestic, and education fields.

The Meaning Of Signs In Expedition Advertisement

Language is one way to keep relationships in harmony. People use language to communicate, convey messages verbally and directly, and express feelings. Advertisements result from a combination of communication arts with aesthetics, are persuasive, and are aimed at some parts of society. This article analyzes the meaning of verbal and visual signs on the J&T Express Advertisement. It aims to identify the verbal and visual signs and explain the meaning of the verbal and visual signs in Expedition advertisements. This analysis used J&T Express advertisement as a primary data and documentation method to collect data. This article used a qualitative method, and the data was analyzed descriptively. The results show that five data points were discussed. The verbal and visual signs analyzed used semantic theory by de Saussure to find the signifier and signified; all data have the signifier and signified. This article used Barthes' theory to analyze the meaning and find the denotative and connotative meanings. In general, verbal signs have both denotative and connotative meanings. The two verbal signs discovered in the data, all the verbal signs have denotative and connotative meaning. Two visual signs in the advertisements also convey their meanings to enhance the delivery of the value of the products.

Semiotic Analysis on TV Series Industry: Case Study of Criminal Minds Poster

This research aims to identify and explain the signifiers, signified, denotations, connotations meanings, and myths embedded in the signs of the TV series Criminal Minds poster. In this research, the authors used the descriptive qualitative method to identify, analyze, and explain the signs in the Criminal Minds TV series poster. The authors also employ Ferdinand de Saussure and Roland Barthes' semiotic approach in the research. The primary data of this research is taken from both the verbal and nonverbal signs in Criminal Minds TV Series posters. This research shows that there are nine nonverbal and two verbal signs. Furthermore, after analyzing all of the signs (both verbal and nonverbal) in Saussure and Barthes' semiotic approach, this study found that all of the signs carry specific messages. Its purpose is to give the audience teasers or clues about the story, which tells about the journey of all main characters of Criminal Minds. Moreover, the myth commonly found across the signs in this TV series poster is to attract more potential viewers to watch the series.

Infinitive as a verb form of the German language

The object of the study is the infinitive of the German language, and the subject is its semantic, structural and functional characteristics, which make it possible to interpret it as a verb form. The authors consider in detail such aspects as the specificity of the infinitive expression of the verbal categorical meaning, which brings it closer to the noun; structural division and microsystem of infinitive forms of the modern German language. Morphological features of the infinitive are considered through the prism of historical changes in the structure of the word in the German language. The authors pay special attention to the syntactic behavior of the infinitive. At the same time, the authors pay special attention to the multifunctionality of the infinitive, which is maximally identical to the nominal parts of speech. At the same time, the authors note the manifestation of the verb character of the infinitive in the ability to form a verb group. The methodological basis of the work is based on a systematic approach to the interpretation of linguistic phenomena in synchrony and diachrony. The theoretical basis of the research is the fundamental principles of general, comparative historical and Germanic linguistics. The comparative method and the method of distributive analysis were used to identify the functional potential of the infinitive and innovative phenomena. The main conclusions of the study are to identify the complexity of interpreting syncretic units to which the infinitive belongs. It was found that during the development of the German language, the infinitive gradually entered its verbal system, losing nominal grammatical features, such as the case paradigm. At the same time, the infinitive acquired verbal signs, as a temporary and collateral meaning. A special contribution of the author is the conclusion that the dual nature of the infinitive, which determines its peripheral position, is the basis for expanding its functional potential, which contributes to the participation of the infinitive in the formation of new grammatical structures/forms. The novelty of the study lies in the identification of such a function of the infinitive as participation in the formation of verb groups, where maximum proximity with the final verb is manifested.

Research on National Image Construction and Communication Strategy of Official Media Short Video from Multi-modal Perspective

With the continuous change of media and information technology, electronic media integrates verbal signs with non-verbal signs, and the mode of information transmission has evolved from a single text discourse mode to a multi-modal discourse mode. In addition, as a new multi-modal communication mode, short video is widely used by mainstream media as a communication tool. In the fierce international competition, how to construct national image through official media short video is a problem that needs to be clarified and solved. Therefore, from the multi-modal perspective, this paper selects the short video of People's Daily Tik Tok account to deeply analyze the change of communication mode and the construction of national image with the development of The Times, and explores communication strategies conducive to the construction of national image.

Semiotic Analysis on Verbal and Visual Signs in Cyber Safety Poster

The title of this research is Semiotic Analysis on Verbal and Visual Signs in Cyber Safety Posters. There are two aims of this study. They were to find out the types of verbal and visual signs and describe the meaning and function of verbal and visual signs in cyber safety posters. In this study, a cyber safety poster was discussed. The poster won the golden prize in the 2013 Information Security Awareness Video & Poster Contest. The data were collected from the posters using documentative and note-taking techniques. After the data were collected, they were descriptively analysed based on the Semiotic theory proposed by Pierce (in Chandler, 2007) and the theory types of meaning and function proposed by Leech (1981). The data analysis was presented through formal and informal methods. The result of the analysis showed that verbal signs dominated the poster. Then, based on the Semiotic theory proposed by Pierce, three sign classifications were found in the data. They were 4 signs classified as Rhematic Indexical Sinsign, 2 signs were (Rhematic) Iconic Sinsign, and a sign categorised as Rhematic Symbol (ic Legisign). The result indicated that the cyber safety posters dominantly used Rhematic Indexical Sinsign, a sign based on real experience. Meanwhile, based on the theory types of meaning and function proposed by Leech (1981), the analysis showed that there were 4 conceptual and 3 connotative meanings, 4 informative and 3 directive functions. It meant that conceptual meaning and informative function were the dominant types used in the Cyber Safety poster. Keywords: Semiotics, Verbal, Visual, Sign, Poster

Walkin’ blues: exploring the semiotic musicscape of Rory Gallagher’s Cork City

ABSTRACT This paper traces a walking tour of Cork City that I recently undertook, using an autoethnographic perspective to tap into the linguistic and semiotic features of places and spaces associated with the blues musician Rory Gallagher and how they are tied to specific music memories. To do this, I draw on the theory of semiotic landscapes, yet put forward the term semiotic musicscapes to account for the imagined, embodied and emotional aspects of the visual linguistic environment that such music walks entail. I argue that these forms of secular pilgrimage turn the ‘ordinary’ into the ‘extraordinary’, relying on both specialised music knowledge and the imaginarium to make true meaning from visual and verbal signs. The paper, thus, offers a new way for ethnomusicologists to explore the cultural geography of music, as well as for (socio)linguists to approach the study of semiotic landscapes, particularly when tied up with musical heritage. It also extends current scholarship on Rory Gallagher whose life and work remain underresearched, despite his importance as a founding figure of Irish rock music.

Intersemiotic translation of Yixiang (Image): A case study of Tang Poetry in paintings

This paper focuses on intersemiotic translation of Yixiang, or image in western literary term, from poetry to painting by taking Tang Poetry in Paintings as a case to exemplify the translation strategies of Yixiang from verbal sign system to visual sign system. Furthermore, the meditative role of the visualized images in the target context will also be touched upon. A qualitative approach is applied in the study. Typical examples will be chosen for case analysis. It is found that the strategies of equivalence, focalization, integration, montage, addition, contrast and omission are employed by the painters. The effects of those visualized images varied in different cases. Overall, cooperating with the interlingual translations, visual languages such as color, shadow, body language of figures, picture structure are employed to help English readers better receive the poems.

Semiotics of V. Nabokov’s artistic language in the light of N. Goodman’s theory of symbolization

The article is devoted to the problems of V. Nabokov’s author’s style, considered from the standpoint of semiotics. Russian-language prose created by V. Nabokov during the Berlin period of his life is used as research material: the novels “Mary”, “King, Queen, Knave”, “The Luzhin Defense”, “Glory”, “Camera Obscura”, “Despair”, “Invitation to a Beheading”, “The Gift” and stories from the collection “The Return of Chorb”. The features of the Nabokov’s text verbal sign, as well as the visual and expressive capabilities of the verbal images in the writer’s works are considered. Thanks to the use of N. Goodman’s general theory of symbols and Aage A. Hansen-Löwe’s theory of intermediality as a methodological basis, the possibility of interpreting Nabokov’s poetics as “flickering,” metaphorical, “polycode” opens up. As a “code” of Nabokov’s images, not only verbal signs themselves are considered, but also their translation into signs of other arts that are not directly related to words - painting, cinema, architecture. As a result of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that V. Nabokov’s verbal sign strives for maximum visual expressiveness, taking on some of the properties of the iconic sign. Thanks to the chosen approach, new results were achieved in the study of V. Nabokov’s artistic language.

A Study of Public Risk Perception of Media Reporting on Cervical Cancer Based on the Cognitive Mediation Model

An extended cognitive mediation model was tested in this study which adds risk perception as an outcome of elaboration and interpersonal communication to investigate the impact of verbal and non-verbal symbols in cervical cancer related videos on public viewing media platforms among Chinese women, which could help promote the popularization of science on cervical cancer in China, help more women understand the process of cervical cancer and learn prevention methods, thereby reducing the death caused by cervical cancer. Results of study based on survey data with a nationally sample of women (N=231) aged from 18 to 50 years old. Results showed that attention to verbal signs and attention to non-verbal sign were positively associated with elaboration. Moreover, attention to verbal signs was related positively to interpersonal communication, while attention to non-verbal signs had no association with it. Next, both elaboration and interpersonal communication were correlated positively with perceived risk. Impact of theory and practice were discussed.