Verbal Portraits Research Articles

Возможности организации речевой зарядки на практических занятиях по иностранному языку в образовательных организациях МВД России

Abstract. The article elicits possible types of speech warming-up exercises as an organizational part of a class in the discipline “Foreign Language”, aimed at developing and improving the skills of spontaneous speech in the form of monologues, dialogues and/or polylogues. The aim of the article is to demonstrate possible formats of warming-up activities which are optimal to use when working with cadets of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Among the recommended formats, the following are considered: responding to questions based on visual stimuli; role-playing dialogues situationally anchored in the professional activities of police officers; composing verbal portraits; interpreting terms that form semantic fields within the relevant branches of law; reconstructing the chronology of events related to the commission of a crime; identifying temporal gaps in the statements of witnesses and suspects; and news reports on innovations in the professional activities of internal affairs officers. Recommendations for organizing warming-up activities, regardless of the specific format used, include deferred error correction and grouping cadets of varying proficiency levels in professional foreign language communicative competence to accomplish the designated tasks.

Соотношение мимических и аффективных характеристик в вербальном сравнении лиц

<p>The results of the analysis of verbalizations obtained in the situation of verbal comparison of images of emotional expressions from the VEPEL database are presented. It has been shown that specific information about expression is quantitatively presented in the verbal comparison data. The analysis of verbalizations, performed using the tools of the perceived quality paradigm, made it possible to differentiate the features of expressions, presenting them in two types of verbal portraits: affective and mimic. Comparison of these two types of verbal portraits allows to interpret affective judgments in mimic terms, and vice versa. The verbal features included in mimic verbal portraits were compared with descriptions of mimic characteristics of basic expressions according to P. Ekman. It is shown that many of the features identified in the situation of verbal comparison coincide with the descriptions proposed by P. Ekman, who, however, enumerated them without indicating their relative value.</p>

Организация информационно-аналитического обеспечения оперативно-розыскной деятельности органов внутренних дел по розыску лиц, пропавших без вести, в условиях контртеррористической операции и вооруженных конфликтов

The planning and implementation of operational search activities play a pivotal role in the search for missing persons amidst counter-terrorist operations and armed conflicts. Key to these efforts is the utilization of data that can aid in the identification or recognition of the missing individual. Such data includes physical descriptions in the form of verbal portraits or photographic impressions, basic identifying information, fingerprint cards, and handwriting samples. These pieces of information serve to individualize the sought-after person and can be instrumental in their identification. The establishment of new databases of operational search information, including databases of genomic codes of individuals, could prove to be a valuable tool in obtaining information about unidentified bodies and linking them to missing persons. However, the implementation of such databases raises a number of technical, legal, and ethical issues that must be considered. This article aims to examine the specifics of organizing information and analytical support for the operational activities of internal affairs bodies in the search for missing persons in conditions of counter-terrorist operations and armed conflicts, utilizing available resources accessible to operatives. In conclusion, the effective organization of information and analytical support is paramount in facilitating the search for missing persons within the challenging contexts of counter-terrorist operations and armed conflicts. Leveraging various data sources, including physical descriptions and emerging technologies like genomic databases, offers promising avenues for enhancing identification processes. However, the integration of such resources necessitates careful navigation of technical, legal, and ethical considerations. By addressing these complexities, internal affairs bodies can optimize their operational efforts and contribute significantly to resolving cases of missing individuals amidst complex security environments.

POEM BY M. YU. LERMONTOV “TO THE PORTRAIT” (1840): POETIC OF THE TEXT AND IMAGE

The article examines the history and poetics of Mikhail Lermontov’s poem “To the Portrait” (1840). The research material comprised three manu- scripts of the poem: a draft manuscript from the collection of S. A. Rachinsky containing numerous edits, a finalized manuscript with notes by V. F. Odoevsky and P. A. Vyazemsky, as well as another final draft of the poem, which was added to the collection of Karl August Farnhagen von Enze in 1844. The reconstruction of textual history allows to trace, the features of Lermontov’s poetics. While working on the poem, the author consistently rejected the ekphrastic nature of the image created by the reference to a specific artifact — an engraving by Pierre Louis Henri Grevedon “Full-Length Portrait of a Sitting Woman in an Open Dress” (1840). Using a series of associations, comparisons, and oppositions, the poet creates an image of a young woman. Attention to the dynamic poetics of the verbal portrait of Countess A. K. Vorontsova-Dashkova allowed us to show how Lermontov complicated her image. The analysis of the draft versions of numerous antinomies, name change in the final draft allowed to overcome the clichés of perception of the poem and interpret it in the context of the Russian cultural tradition.

Anthropology of the private world in N. V. Gogol’s Little Russian novels about modernity

The relevance of the article is connected with the application of the method of literary anthropology, the study of anthropological forms, for the first time undertaken to a set of N. V. Gogol's Little Russian novels about modernity: "Ivan Fyodorovich Shponka and His Auntie", "The Old World Landlords", "The Tale of How Ivan Ivanovich Quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich". The problematic question is how a special narrator and a special world are related. The aims and objectives are connected to the analysis of the narrator's image and images of the characters primarily from the verbal portrait’s point of view, which makes it possible to cover important aspects of the writer's humanistic vision. The emphasis is on how the particular narrator creates a private world with all its subjects and details. The peculiarities of the narrator's image are considered as immersed in everyday life and material things, close to an ordinary common man of Mirgorod. The question is raised about the complication of this image, which, however, did not lead to the wholeness and completeness of the image. The private world created by the special narrator is dominated by special laws that determine the portrayal of the characters. The destruction of the boundaries between human and non-human, external and internal, philistine and divine, leads to the destruction of the world’s hierarchical structure. Another consequence of this is the likening of everything to everything else, the tendency to depict the mass, the similar, the echoing, including the accentuation of imaginary pairing. The singular tends to pairing, the paired tends to the mass-shaped. The destruction of the boundaries between the external and the internal leads to the dominance of corporeality, regardless of whether man is shown as flesh or as form. One can speak of Gogol's dominance of the face over the countenance (Florensky), the dismemberment of the body into parts, the autonomisation and independent life of these parts. An excessive importance is given to the character's costume, which can replace the hero. The traditional description is replaced by an expressive representation of the hero in two variants: representation-in-general and representation-in-the-moment.

Читая «Воспоминания» Т.Н. Ливановой: портреты современников. Часть I

For the first time, the article attempts to analyse some aspects of the content of T.N. Livanova’s Memoirs (1974-1983), a three-volume text corpus preserved in the archives of the Russian National Museum of Music (RNMM). Memoirs are being prepared for publication as a planned work of the State Institute for Art Studies. This article continues a series of materials devoted to this valuable source. A significant place in it is occupied by the portraits of the author’s contemporaries. The article discusses different types of such verbal portraits — from more detailed generalized characteristics to “instantaneous” and very vivid ones consisting of literally a few words. The gallery of the portrayed is represented by people of different generations. The narrative begins with family chronicles — the portraits of Livanova’s relatives on the mother’s and father’s side, as well as her husband V.E. Ferman, and continues with the characteristics of friends and employees. Among them are composers D.B. Kabalevsky, N.Ya. Myaskovsky, V.Ya. Shebalin, and V.G. Zakharov, researchers B.V. Asafiev, M.V. Ivanov-Boretsky, V.V. Protopopov, Yu.V. Keldysh, Yu.K. Evdokimova, Yu.N. Kholopov and others.

Читая «Воспоминания» Т.Н. Ливановой: портреты современников. Часть II

The article continues a series of studies devoted to the three-volume Memoirs by T.N. Livanova the publication of which is being prepared at the State Institute for Art Studies. The article considers several types of verbal portraits created by the memoirist. First, these are images of the people Livanova got acquainted with in the evacuation. Nowadays, almost nothing is known about them and it is the features of the text as such that remain the object of research. Another collection is made up of portraits of Livanova’s students, some of whom gained an odious reputation. A separate line of memoirs consists of “double” portraits not of musicians or musicologists but representatives of allied specializations of the humanities. Finally, roughly in the middle of Livanova’s narrative is an extended, multi-figured canvas dedicated to the Wipper family.

Dmitry V. Ushakov: kindness in action (on the 50th anniversary of a friend and mentor)

This essay examines the inspiring career of the historian, philosopher and ethno-sociologist, candidate of philosophical sciences Dmitry Viktorovich Ushakov in connection with his 50th birthday. Besides the personal biographical information as a background, the article presents a verbal portrait of the Siberian scientist, his personal characteristics, the content of scientific and social life, and the origins of his research approach. Particular attention is paid to the pedagogical nature of D. V. Ushakov, the role of the research school and the transfer of research experience in training would-be colleagues.

THE ISSUES OF CHARACTER ACCENTUATION ADOLESCENTS WITH DIABETES

Purpose. Theoretical justification and empirical study of the characteristics of adolescents’ personality with diabetes mellitus
 Method. The study was conducted on a sample of 40 adolescents (20 with diabetes and 20 without). To determine the character accentuations, the following were used: Leonhard’s questionnaire and the method of identification characterological verbal portraits – E.G. Eidemiller. To compare the groups, correlation analysis was used (Mann-Whitney U test).
 Results. Within group of adolescents with diabetes, the sensitive (40%) and schizoid (30%) types of accentuation prevail, while in healthy adolescents, the hyperthymic (55%) type of accentuation prevails. Adolescents with diabetes were more conflicted and less capable of self-control than a group of adolescents without a diagnosis. On average, accentuations were more pronounced in healthy adolescents, the average scores for each of the accentuations in patients with diabetes mellitus were lower. Also, the correlation coefficients between the indicators of the K. Leonhard method and the indicators of the E.G. Eidemiller method on samples of adolescents with and without a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus turned out to be different. In the group of adolescents with diabetes mellitus, correlations were observed between the following parameters: “emotive type” and “neurasthenic type” (r=0.81, p=0.05), “anxious type” and “paranoid type” (r=0.65, p=0.05), “excitable type” and “unstable type” (r=0.65, p=0.05). In a group of healthy adolescents, the following correlations were found between the indicators of the methods of K. Leonhard and E. G. Eidemiller: “pedantic type” and “hyperthymic type” (r=0.63, p=0.05), “exalted type” and “paranoid type” (r=0.65, p=0.05), “pedantic type” and “hysterical type” (r=0.70, p=0.05), “conformal type” (r=0.63, p=0.05), “cyclothymic type” and “conformal type” (r=0.67, p=0.05).
 Conclusion. Such results will allow psychologists to more accurately take into account the personal characteristics of adolescents with diabetes and provide them with more effective assistance. Targets for work with adolescent with diabetes mellitus can be their introversion and, accordingly, assiste them in social adaptation, help with lack of self-control, aggressiveness.

CHARACTER OF MUSICIAN IN KAZUO ISHIGURO’S SHORT STORIES AND THEIR UKRAINIAN TRANSLATIONS

This paper addresses the issue of musician’s character in the short stoires by Kazuo Ishiguor, a well-known British writer, and their translations into Ukrainian. The paper aims to define author-specific cognitive and stylistic features of construing the character of musician by depicting his verbal portrait, interpreting his behaviour, emotions, and actions through the lens of human personality. The analysis resulted in singling out and systematising a set of key concepts and conceptual metaphors, pertaining to the characters of musicians in Ishiguro’s five short stories included in “Nocturnes: Five Stories of Music and Nightfall”. Among these concepts are LIFE, LOVE, FRIENDSHIP, MARRIAGE, MUSIC, SUCCESS, CAREER, etc. Within the range of conceptual metaphors that find their manifestation in the texts under analysis prevail those, which are associated with various facets of life, love, and music. As a result, several kinds of conceptual metaphors were identified: global, e.g., LIFE IS MUSIC, conventionally used (local), e.g., MUSIC IS INSPIRATION, paradoxical, e.g., LOVE IS А FAREWELL, mirror-like, e.g., LIFE IS MUSIC– MUSIC IS LIFE, and the author’s (idiosyncrаtic) ones, e.g., MUSIC IS A NIGHTFALL. Though recreating literary characters by other languages should embrace all textual levels, the translation of musicians’ verbal portraits in the Ukrainian version of Ishiguro’s short stories under study is mostly affected by their syntax. The choice of syntactical constructions is to a great extent determined by the personages’ professional sphere as part of respective cultural context. Thus, with regards to musicians’ characters the stories under translation abound in grammatical transformations − transpositions: (і) word transposition; (іі) transposition of phrases and word-combinations; and (ііі) transposition of elements within a complex sentence − and substitutions. Кeywords: character of musician; conceptual metaphor; literary translation; verbal portrait; grammatical transformations.

FACIAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE DEAD SOLDIERS OF THE «VOLKHOV FRONT»

The article analyzes the craniological and osteological characteristics of the remains of 14 soldiers of the Great Patriotic War, who died on the Volkhov front (Leningrad region). Their height was calculated, their body type determined.According to the «Algorithm of Appearance» program, we obtained the head sizes the soldiers had when they were alive. The article describes as well the individual features of their appearance according to the Verbal portrait program. The contour and graphic portraits-reconstructions of 13 individuals were made. Each investigated individual is presented in the context of the characteristics of the burials, with a description of the injuries and the possible causes of death

Subculture of Childhood in the Information Space: Features of the "Picture of the World"

The subject of the research is the features of the "picture of the world" of the subculture of childhood in the information space. In the age of accelerated development of network communication technologies, this research topic is extremely relevant. After all, the development of the subculture of childhood in the information space and the emergence of new features of the "picture of the world" formed by the younger generation lead to certain socio-cultural consequences. The purpose of the work is to analyze the transformation of the subculture of childhood in the information space and identify the main features of the "worldview" of its typical representative. The interdisciplinary nature of the research determines the methodology of philosophical-cultural, structural-functional and sociological approaches. The scientific novelty of the study is that it reflects the main functions of the subculture of childhood in the information environment, which differ from the series of functional features previously presented in research papers. In particular, two cardinally new functions have been identified and justified – linguomaking and symbolizing, previously not found in other scientific works. The study also revealed differences between subsets of "children's subculture" and "childhood subculture", considered by most researchers of these phenomena as synonymous. The author's special contribution to the research of the topic is the formulation of a verbal portrait of a typical representative of the modern subculture of childhood, forecasting the further development of the phenomenon in the information space and the level of influence of its sub-formations on the forms of dominant culture and its orthodox representatives.

Words as Readymade: Mina Loy’s Verbal Portraiture of “Gertrude Stein” and “Joyce’s Ulysses”

Between 1919 and 1930, Mina Loy created a series of pictorial and poetic portraits of her artistic contemporaries: from pen-ink sketches such as Constantin Brancusi, Carl Van Vechten, Jules Pascin, Marianne Moore, to linguistically innovative verses like “‘Joyce’s Ulysses,” “Gertrude Stein,” “Nancy Cunard,” and a note “William Carlos Williams.” In interacting with avant-gardists of her time, Loy explored new patterns of expression as an alternative to literary and cultural conventions. This paper will thus investigate the use of readymade words in two of Loy’s artist-portrait poems depicting Gertrude Stein and James Joyce. Her verbal portraits do not merely offer the reader a poetic profile of modernist artists and their formal experimentation. It will be demonstrated at the end of this paper that, by treating the word as readymade, Loy and her portrayed writers are able to articulate a different form of language that is more fluid, plastic, and performative.

КАК ВЫГЛЯДЕЛИ НАШИ ПРЕДКИ, ИЛИ ЧТО МОЖЕТ АНТРОПОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ РЕКОНСТРУКЦИЯ?

Anthropological Reconstruction Laboratory of the Center for Physical Anthropology, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology RAS. The article relates the current state of the M.M. Gerasimov Laboratory of Anthropological Reconstruction of the Center for Physical Anthropology, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences. Emphasizing the role of the founder of the method of face reconstruction from the skull, the author discusses the latest improvements to this method. The data bank on the thickness of the facial integument in representatives of various ethnic groups, and the accumulated experience with regard to the relationships between facial features and the underlying structures of the skull, made it possible to create a program of craniofacial correspondence ‘The Algorithm of Appearance’, which significantly improves the process of reconstructing in vivo appearance based on the skull. The visual reconstruction of the appearance is supplemented by an anthropological description of the lifetime appearance, in terms of the ‘verbal portrait’ used in forensic science. A description of a unique collection of more than 300 sculptural and graphic portraits made on the basis of the skulls of ancient people and historical figures is given. Based on the examples of specific projects, the possibilities of anthropological reconstruction for solving applied and theoretical problems of science are shown. The reconstruction of the appearance of soldiers killed in the Second World War is the key patriotic direction of the Laboratory s work. Based on the results of these reconstructions, several fi were identifi Th Laboratory is currently at work on reconstructing the lifetime appearance of A.V. Suvorov on the basis of a death mask.

Портрет как феномен художественной словесности в книге воспоминаний М. В. Нестерова «Давние дни» (на примере портрета «И. П. Павлов»)

The purpose of the article is to determine significance and function of a verbal portrait in M. V. Nesterov’s memoirs “My Bygone Days” using a particular representative sketch “I. P. Pavlov” as an example. It is proved that a verbal portrait is an essential means of depicting a character in the studied work, which contributes to understanding of the artist’s style. Scientific novelty of the research lies in considering a verbal portrait in the painter’s prose as a predominant way of depicting characters. The attained results have shown that depiction of characters through a verbal portrait also helps the author to express his own persona, reflect the age in which he lived and worked.

Verbal portrait of A. P. Chekhov in the memoirs of K. A. Korovin

Verbal portrait of A. P. Chekhov in the memoirs of K. A. Korovin

HE BLACK SEA AND THE SEA OF AZOV IN UKRAINIAN COSSACK EPOS

This article describes the attempts of Ukrainian historians of the 1920s–1930s, in particular, Mykhailo Hrushevsky, to actualize the significance of sea as a geographical and natural sub-foundation of the territorial history of Ukraine. These efforts were necessary to revise and dismantle the imperial construct of “Novorossiya” (literally “New Russia”). Hrushevsky was interested, first of all, in the Cossack era (late 16th–18th centuries) and the era of repopulation of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov coastal areas after liquidation of the Zaporozhian Sich. Mykhailo Hrushevsky’s ideas drove the research work by Kateryna Hrushevska, who published in 1927–1931 a two-volume corps Ukrainian Folk Dumas in search of field materials that could prove the organic relation of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov with historical life of Ukrainians. Kateryna Hrushevska pointed out the publication of a duma about the seafaring adventure of Oleksiy Popovych in The English and Scottish Popular Ballads by Francis James Child (1882–1898) – it was presented as a parallel to the Scottish ballad Brown Robyn’s Confession. The text of a Ukrainian folk duma was thus included to a broad circle of folklore songs popular among seafaring peoples (meaning Swedish, Norwegian and Danish folk ballads). Kateryna Hrushevska focused on the study of ritual practices related to a departure to the sea, particularly those recorded by the ethnographer Vasyl Kravchenko in 1926 in Berdiansk. It provided a basis for the study of folklore works and customs of seafarers as a separate social group. Hrushevska also reviewed the field records made by the renowned Ukrainian artist and ethnographer Porfyrii Martynovych. His archives contained, in particular, the texts of folklore prose concerning the Sea of Azov, recorded during 1897–1902 in the Cossack village of Veremiivka in the Zolotonosha Povit (district) (in the 1950s, the village was flooded due to construction of Kremenchuk Hydroelectric Power Station). These texts under the general title What Zaporozhians Were are the fables in which Zaporozhians are associated with the image of Jesus Christ (this approximation took place on the basis of realization of the soteriological function of Cossacks in the history of Ukraine). Folk narrators considered Cossacks not only knights but also the “righteous of God”, and therefore, they were attributed the ability to “sit on water like on the ground” (evangelistic stories depict Jesus Christ who can “walk on water”). In the course of sacralization of the image of a Zaporozhian produced by collective work, his verbal portrait attained the features of a saint and a bogatyr, the birth of which has mythological explanation (this is a very old man in a white shirt). Memorialization of Cossacks is related to the experience of their Triumph and their Tragedy (meaning the destruction of the Sich), which on the whole has created the image of a Zaporozhian as a hero and defender impersonating the idea of chosenness. The hydronyms of Ukrainian heroic epos, particularly the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, became an important marker of the Cossack space with its triumphs and defeats.

Image and linguistic personality of the teacher (based on short stories by Anton Chekhov)

The main purpose of this article is to introduce readers to the linguistic embodiment of the teacher’s image in the short stories by A.P. Chekhov. In recent decades the linguistic personality of the characters of artistic works has often become the subject of thorough linguistic and literary analysis. A.P. Chekhov, being the master of humorous stories, aims at introducing certain features typical only for the images of characters representing various professions but at the same time corresponding to the genre of the work itself. Attention to details, many artistic features are the hallmark of this writer’s work. A.P. Chekhov works through each image at all levels: structural, semantic and linguistic (thesaurus). That is why Chekhov’s works arouse research interest among both literary critics and linguists. The linguistic personality of the teacher in Chekhov’s stories is formed in accordance with the tasks that the writer sets at the time of the creation of the work (for example, a humorous short story, memoirs, etc.). Analysis of the character’s speech characteristics, the verbal portrait of the character allows us to identify the distinctive features of Chekhov’s language and form an idea of the writer as a thinker and researcher of the native language. Working on the semantic level of the linguistic personality allows to reflect on the moral and ethical potential of the characters of Anton Chekhov’s stories.

Recognition of complex sounds by their verbal portraits

Recognition of complex sounds by their verbal portraits

COMPARISON IN VERBAL PORTRAIT OF VOLODYMYR DANYLENKO’S

The individual aesthetics of the word, which in the process of creating a fictional text takes on different linguistic expressive forms in idiostyle, is the subject of modern linguists’ scientific researches. Scholars draw their attention to the means of person's image verbal depiction and his portrait image in particular. Scientific relevance of our investigation deals with the peculiarities of the individualauthorial manner of verbal description in modern Ukrainian prose which have not been sufficiently studied yet. The purpose of the article is to find out the linguo-stylistic specificity of comparisons in Volodymyr Danylenko’s descriptive writing. The object of the study is the writer’s prose works, the subject - linguostylistic features of comparisons in gender verbal description. Our study is based on Volodymyr Danylenko’s novels such as “Poor Ramsey's Gazelle”, "Love in the Baroque style" and his Short story collection “A Dream of a Swift Beak”. The analysis of the actual material was carried out according to the complex classification of verbal description of K. Pysarenko. We found out that comparisons of Volodymyr Danylenko’s gender verbal portraits highlight not only the appearance of the characters, their physical and psychological characteristics, they also represent the author's individual style, linguistic picture of the world of the writer and depicted people of his fictional works. The following subjects of comparison are verbalized by male and female images: somatisms that call the dominant features of their appearances (men – physique, height, face, ears, teeth, eyes, hair; women - eyes, lips, hair, body, breast, hips, and waist). The most common objects of comparison of female portraits are phytonyms, zoonyms, dishes titles and food names, and anthroponyms. We determined that zoonyms are the most frequently used lexemes among the comparative units of male verbal description. However, the comparisons of “dish and food groups” and “goods and substances” are represented rarely. Prospects for our further study include the investigation of the specific features of other imagery means in Volodymyr Danylenko’s descriptive writing.