Verbal Persuasion Research Articles

PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PENINGKATAN BREASTFEEDING SELF-EFFICASY DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS TUNAS HARAPAN

Breastfeeding Self Efficacy is a mother's belief to breastfeed her baby which influences effort, thought process and response when encountering difficulties in breastfeeding. The factors that influence a mother's self-efficacy are mastery experiences, other people's experiences, verbal persuasion, somatic and emotional conditions. The success of exclusive breastfeeding cannot be separated from the mother's factor, namely the desire and confidence of the mother to breastfeed. Mothers who have a high level of self-efficacy will breastfeed longer than mothers who have a low level of self-efficacy in breastfeeding. The solution offered by the implementing team was to increase the knowledge and skills of cadres through training on how to increase knowledge about breastfeeding self-efficacy for pregnant and breastfeeding women. The method for developing this activity was by providing training and refreshing for Posyandu cadres and village midwives as well as assisting cadres during the implementation of the activity. This activity achieved several results, namely the formation of ASI cadre groups through the WhatsApp media, and availability of facilities and infrastructure to support activities such as modules, tools and materials to increase the knowledge and skills of cadres on how to improve Breastfeeding Self Efficacy. After the training, there was an increase in the cadres' knowledge and skills about Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy.

Self-Protection Behaviors towards COVID-19 among Women Religious Group in Indonesia: A Qualitative Study

Background: Optimizing the role of religious-based communities in preventing the transmission of COVID-19 through the application of self-protection to its facilitators and members is an important part of efforts to stop the pandemic. 
 Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the perceptions of facilitators and members of religious group in implementing self-protection behaviour.
 Method: A qualitative study was conducted from August to December 2021 using a purposive sampling approach to collect the data. In total, 6 individual interviews were conducted with facilitators of religious group and one focus group discussion (FGD) with 12 members of religious-based communities. Data analysis was performed using a conventional content analysis approach.
 Results: The results of this study indicate that both facilitators and members of religious-based communities have a favourable perception of self-protection in religious group. However, this perception is not enough to support readiness in implementing self-protection behaviour. Self-efficacy is still weak, this is indicated by weaknesses in mastery experiences, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, and emotional and physiological states variables.
 Conclusion: Increasing int ernal and external roles in religious-based communities and strengthening collaboration in the application of self-protection through increasing self-efficacy forming variables in religious group are urgent needs to be carried out in COVID-19 prevention programs.

The Overview of Self-Efficacy Among Nursing Students

Self-efficacy in nursing students can affect the clinical and academic learning process. Self-efficacy is an assessment or belief that a person has about their ability to organize and carry out an action. This study aims to describe the self-efficacy of nursing students. The research design used was non-experimental with a descriptive approach. The population in this study were professional students of the Faculty of Nursing, the University of Jember, with a total sampling technique of 236 respondents. The results showed that the respondents' self-efficacy obtained the mean and standard deviation (60.75 ± 8.296). In the results of the self-efficacy indicator, the mean and min-max results for levels 23.96 and 9-32. The mean (18.79) and min-max (7-24) results are obtained on the strength indicator. The generalization indicator's mean (18.02) and min-max (10-24) results are obtained. The conclusion of this study shows that the value of student self-efficacy is still not optimal because students do not fully state that they often and very often have confidence in carrying out and completing the nursing professional education process. Students' self-efficacy needs to be improved by having good relationships with clinical and academic supervisors as role models, asking for verbal persuasion from those closest to them, and practicing activities independently to achieve a certain level of competence.

Attempts at reconciliation in Aristaenetus' "Erotic letters"

Even though scholars are yet to agree on the authorship of the epistolary collection "Erotic Letters", it is usually ascribed to Aristaenetus and it was probably written in the 6th century AD. The letters of the collection mostly depict extramarital affairs (with "hetairai", slaves or married women), often accompanied by conflicts fuelled by (sometimes justified) jealousy or either partner’s lack of interest because there are better options: e.g. a "hetaira" gets a richer client, a client is seduced by a younger or better-looking girl, etc. Therefore, most reconciliation efforts in the "Letters" are in fact the lovers’ attempts to either get back together and improve their relationships or to end them in a civilised manner or otherwise. The focus of the research is on the analysis of the protagonists’ reconciliation strategies and methods (such as verbal persuasion, lying, causing sympathy, projecting guilt onto somebody else, letter-writing, the use of male or female mediators, etc.) and their effectiveness. The final goals are: to point out the most common reconciliation methods employed, to investigate whether or not the men and women use similar methods, to check which gender is more likely to choose indirect reconciliation methods, such as the use of mediators or writing and sending letters, and to examine which gender is generally more successful at reconciliation (as well as to explain why that is so). Additionally, the author’s depictions of reconciliation and his use of reconciliation as a narrative tool are put into a wider context through a comparison with other epistolary collections of this type, the originality of these depictions is scrutinised and probable models (within and outside of the subgenre) are proposed.

An Exploration of Attributes of Self-Efficacy among Learners with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in Selected Special Units in Kajiado County

Self-efficacy is the ability to believe in one self in performing a given task. The main objective of this study was to explore the attributes of self-efficacy of learners with intellectual and developmental disabilities in selected special units in Kajiado County, Kenya. The study was informed by self-efficacy theory by Albert Bandura. A mixed method approach, Embedded design was used to collect and analyze the data. Simple random sampling was done to select the 10 special units in Kajiado county. Purposive sampling was done to select learners with IDD who have been in the special units for a period of 7 years and above and their parents/caregivers. The learners were 85 and their parents/caretakers 85. All the 26 teachers in the selected special units participated in the study. The target population was 343 while the sample size was 196 respondents. Tools for collecting data were questionnaires, focus group discussion guide and observation schedule. Teachers filled in questionnaires; parents/caretakers participated in the focus group discussion while the observation guide was used for the learners as they worked. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics while qualitative data was analyzed through NVivo software version 12. The major findings of the attributes according to the teachers, parents/caregiver’s include skills mastery, verbal persuasion, appreciation, energy flow and exposure. Teachers too felt that incorporating modern technology in teaching and learning can in a big way enhance self-efficacy of learners with IDD.

Students' Self-Efficacy in Public Speaking: A Case Study in Indonesian EFL Context

This study aims to investigate students’ self-efficacy in public speaking. This study involved four participants. The data collection method used is in the form of semi-structured interviews, then the data will be analyzed using thematic analysis. The research results are divided into four sources of self-efficacy from Bandura, namely Enactive Mastery Experience, Verbal Persuasion, Vicarious Experience, and Physiological and Affective States. This finding discusses the final level of students' confidence in their self-efficacy. Therefore, the results of this study provide empirical insight for students about self-efficacy beliefs of Enactive Mastery Experience (EME), Vicarious Experience (VE), Verbal Persuasion (VP), and Physiological and Affective State (PAS) and also provide information for teachers to optimize future learning, especially regarding self-efficacy.Keywords: Self-Efficacy, Source Self-Efficacy, Public Speaking

Analisis Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Efikasi Diri Menyusui

Introduction: Breastfeeding is a way of giving breast milk to babies that is effective in improving the quality of a child's health. Mother's belief in breastfeeding is a condition related to a psychological condition known as breastfeeding self-efficacy. Purpose: to analyze the factors related to breastfeeding self-efficacy in mothers at the Beru-beru Health Center, Mamuju Regency. Method: The type of research used is an observational study with a cross-sectional study design. The total sample of 81 people used a purposive sampling technique and data analysis used the Chi Square Test. The study was conducted in August – October 2022. Results: The results showed that observation of other people (p=0.049) and verbal persuasion (p=0.016) had a significant relationship with breastfeeding self-efficacy while for breastfeeding experience (p=0.182), physical and emotional condition (p=0.072) had no significant relationship with breastfeeding self-efficacy. Conclusion: The results of this study can be used in designing interventions to increase the self-efficacy of mothers in giving exclusive breastfeeding to their babies, so that it is hoped that it can provide support for government policies in order to increase the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding.

Continuous idea contribution in open innovation communities: The role of verbal persuasion from peers.

Motivating continuous idea contributions from members is especially challenging for open innovation communities (OIC). Scholars have thus explored a range of incentives, among which peer feedback has received much attention. However, existing research on peer feedback tends to focus on the structural features, ignoring the richness of the text. To fill this research gap, this study investigates the influence of feedback language use from peers, including emotional support and constructive feedback, on individuals' continuous idea contributions, based on the creative self-efficacy theory. The results show that emotional support, especially emotional approval, positively affects members' continuous contributions, and that the effect is stronger when the provider is of a higher status. However, individualized consideration does not seem to work. In addition, in terms of the effect of constructive feedback, we also find support from cognitive stimulation, while intellectual stimulation exerts an effect only when the provider's status is high. Overall, these findings extend the current research on peer feedback and offer practical guidelines to the open innovation community.

Breastfeeding Self-Efficcacy pada Ibu Hamil Trimester III Hingga Menyusui

Self-efficacy is an important psychological and motivational factor in breastfeeding and is a valuable framework for predicting breastfeeding outcomes and demonstrating a mother's confidence in breastfeeding. Breastfeeding Self-efficacy is a predictor of exclusive breastfeeding. The purpose of this study was to determine the determinants and their relationship with breastfeeding self-efficacy in Pringsewu District. Study design correlational quantitative used in 100 pregnant women in the third trimester and breastfeeding mothers of 0-6 months incidentals sampling. Mothers filled out the online questionnaire themselves which was distributed by the research team during April - July 2021. The results of the study showed that 67% of respondents had high breastfeeding self-efficacy. There is a significant relationship between education level, parity, employment status, knowledge, breastfeeding experience, observation of others, and husband's verbal persuasion with breastfeeding self-efficacy mother (p-value

The Effect of Self-efficacy on Sustainable Development: The PetroMasila in Yemen

This research addresses the mechanism that the components of self-efficacy impact the sustainable development efficacy among employees of PetroMasila in Yemen. The methodology of the current study was quantitative. The online questionnaire was utilized to collect data from 342 employees who are working in the department of project management. The data analysis was conducted by the Structural Equation Model (SEM) in Smart-PLS Software. The findings of this study indicated that all components of self-efficacy, namely past performance, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, and emotional cues, have a significant and positive influence on the oil industry's sustainable development effectiveness. The model of research explained 45% of the whole variance in sustainable development efficacy. Furthermore, this study discusses the limitation and future studies.

Social Cognitive Predictors of Health Promotion Self-Efficacy among Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic

<h3>Research Objectives</h3> To examine the relative importance of social cognitive predictors on health promotion self-efficacy among community-living adults, aged >65 years during COVID-19. <h3>Design</h3> This cross-sectional study was a secondary analysis of baseline data from a larger chronic disease self-management support intervention. <h3>Setting</h3> This study was conducted in the general community setting. <h3>Participants</h3> The mean age of participants (n=75) was 72.4 years old (SD=5.8; 44 female). Seventy participants (93%) reported living with long term disability resulting from arthritis (n=33), degenerative disk disease (n=18), stroke (n=6), and other conditions (n=18). <h3>Interventions</h3> Not applicable. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> Health promotion self-efficacy was measured using the Self-Rated Abilities for Health Practices Scale [3]. Independent predictors of performance including performance accomplishment, vicarious learning, verbal persuasion, and affective states [4] were assessed using the health directed behavior subscale of the Health Education Impact Questionnaire [5], positive social interaction subscale of the Medical Outcomes Survey - Social Support Scale (MOS-SSS) [6], informational support subscale of MOS-SSS, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale [7], respectively. <h3>Results</h3> After controlling for age and sex, linear regression analyses revealed statistically significant associations between health promotion self-efficacy and: (i) performance accomplishment (health-directed behavior; β=2.98, p=0.04); (ii) verbal persuasion (informational support; β=5.30, p=0.01); and (iii) affective state (depressive symptoms; β=-0.84; p< 0.001). Vicarious learning (positive social interaction; β=-1.23; p=0.55) did not significantly predict health promotion self-efficacy. Overall, this model was statistically significant (p< 0.001) and explained 48% of the health promotion self-efficacy variance. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Verbal communication supports and strategies to address depressive symptoms and facilitate health-directed behaviors may improve health promotion self-efficacy in the context of physical and social distancing (i.e., COVID prevention strategies). A lack of relationship between self-efficacy and vicarious learning highlights the overall impact COVID had on in-person engagement. <h3>Author(s) Disclosures</h3> We report no real or perceived conflicts of interest.

Factors that influence primary school teachers’ self-efficacy in online teaching

Factors that influence primary school teachers’ self-efficacy in online environment are still seldom researched. There are needs to determine these factors to improve online teaching, which is a new norm. The aims of this study were to evaluate the level of teachers’ self-efficacy in online teaching and to identify the factors that influence it. This was a quantitative study with survey method that involved 155 primary school teachers in Lenggong Zone, Hulu Perak District. Simple random sampling technique was used for sampling purposes. Teachers’ self-efficacy was measured by the Teachers’ Self-Effiacay Scale while factors tthat influence teachers’ self-efficacy was gauged by the Sources of Influence on Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Scale. The factors measured include mastery experience, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, physiological arousal and contextual factor. Data were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings show that primary school teachers have got high self-efficacy in online teaching. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that mastery experience, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion and physiological arousal factors have got significant influence on teachers’ self-efficacy in online teaching. Contextual factor was the only factor that did not have significant influence on teachers’ self-efficacy in online teaching. Findings of this study can be used to develop intervention programmes to improve teachers’ self-efficacy in online teaching and ultimately to enhance the effectiveness of online teaching in primary schools.

Developing self-efficacy through the social constructivist mentorship

ABSTRACT In this article, I connect self-efficacy and social constructivism and how this shaped me as a researcher and academic, as well as how connections to my advisor, Dr. Terry Wood, gave me the self-efficacy to persevere during the personal and scholarly challenges of my doctoral program. I discuss, using Bandura’s social cognitive sources of self-efficacy, how my development from graduate student, to researcher, to professor was influenced by verbal persuasions, mastery experiences, vicarious experiences and emotional/affective states. I also take up how social cognitive theory informed the lens I use in my current research. My interactions with Dr. Wood as a graduate student also showed me how to apply theory to my ideas and how it looks different in different settings. From her, I learned how to formulate studies that inform mathematics education through a situated learning perspective and be confident and efficacious while doing so.

Toward understanding the self-efficacy of external auditors during COVID-19: empirical testing of traditional sources and virtual audit proficiency

PurposeAuditors’ self-efficacy (SE) represents their level of confidence in improving their audit performance. This may be a crucial factor for auditors to perform effectively during the health crisis of COVID-19. This study aims to build on a social cognitive perspective to assess the SE of auditors during the coronavirus of 2019 (COVID-19) and to anticipate that mastery experience, verbal and social persuasion, vicarious experience, physiological and emotional states and virtual audit are determinants of auditors’ SE during COVID-19.Design/methodology/approachBased on data from Saudi Arabia, this study surveyed all auditors using an online questionnaire and collected 193 useful responses. Thus, this study analyzed the data using primary statistical tests and a structural equation model of partial least squares.FindingsThis study observes that auditors feel confident in their ability to perform audit activities as well during COVID-19 as at other times. This study also documents that VEs, physiological and emotional states and virtual audits play significant roles in SE. In further analyses, this study observes that auditors who are affiliated with big4 audit firms moderate the positive association between virtual audit and SE. All these results are verified under several econometrical appraisals and held constant.Originality/valueThis study provides a number of theoretical and practical implications.

A Quantitative Investigation of Final Year Preservice Science Teachers’ Sources of Self-Efficacy Beliefs

The purpose of this study was to reveal final year preservice science teachers’ sources of science teaching self-efficacy beliefs. Research on the sources of preservice teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs is a promising field of research. However, the number of studies examining the sources of preservice teachers’ teaching self-efficacy in a special domain of teaching is limited. Two hundred thirty-eight final-year preservice science teachers constituted the sample of the current study. Data were gathered through two measures assessing final year preservice science teachers’ science teaching self-efficacy beliefs in classroom management, student engagement, and instructional strategies, and sources of these beliefs. Regression analyses showed that mastery experiences were the primary source of self-efficacy for classroom management, student engagement, and instructional strategies, followed by verbal persuasions. While emotional states were the only negative predictor of final year preservice science teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs in science teaching in three dimensions, vicarious experiences were not found as a significant predictor for any dimension of self-efficacy beliefs. Teacher preparation programs are advised to pay more attention to teaching practice and micro-teaching courses and provide experienced mentor teacher models to preservice science teachers. Findings are discussed.

The Essential of Self-Efficacy in Transformational Leadership for Elementary Schools in China

Organizations must adapt to change if they want to endure and meet any new problems that come from both inside and outside the business. Organizations that are open to change will find it simpler to modify and adapt their organizational objectives in response to current trends and demands. All organizations will have to deal with the major issue of change or transformation. To deal with change, organizations must have a transformation and innovation plan. This is required to ensure that current organizations continue to function and are not hindered by the times. The ability to adapt to change is a crucial quality for success in dealing with any change. the dynamic nature and unpredictability of conditions offer a deeper understanding of the research on the individual’s adaptive performance. Many researchers admire the importance of transformation. A person who practices transformational leadership interacts with others and forges bonds with them that can inspire and uplift both leaders and subordinates. in order to boost the spirit of pure transformative leadership. Transformational leaders, on the other hand, inspire and motivate their teams to accomplish amazing achievements. As a result, this theoretical piece looked into the relationship between primary school principals' sense of self-efficacy and the clusters of transformational leadership styles they employ. The levels of four types of self-efficacy will be evaluated: those based on mastery experience, on emotional and psychological states, on vicarious experience, and on the verbal persuasion. It has been suggested that trait theory underpin the entire field of inquiry. The purpose of the proposed framework on self-efficacy and its influence on transformational leadership was to identify the contexts in which certain leadership styles are most effective, as well as the predictors that can be used to strengthen these styles. Subsequent research must verify that variations in leadership beliefs and practises have an effect on organisational performance and that these variables are substantially correlated with principals' institutional contexts. Significantly, this framework has the potential to serve as a holistic approach to evaluating school system performance, addressing education obstacles and challenges, and laying the groundwork for China's educational pathway.

Sources of self-efficacy in class and studio music lessons

Self-efficacy is a key factor in performance success, yet little is known about how music educators nurture students’ self-belief within studio and class music lessons. This study explored teachers’ perceptions of pedagogical priorities in the development of self-efficacy. The goal was to understand how teachers intuitively nurture students’ performance self-efficacy and determine the optimal means by which positive self-perceptions and subsequent musical achievement could be most effectively fostered within music environments. Australian music educators ( n = 304) responded to a questionnaire asking them to share their strategies for helping students cope with common performance scenarios (exam, first concert, negative experience, and sub-par performance) and key performance issues such as music performance anxiety and confidence. Qualitative analyses coded to the four self-efficacy sources revealed that teachers preferred to focus on mastery experiences and employ verbal persuasion. The development of vicarious experience or the psychological performance skills that would benefit physiological and affective states were given substantially lower priority. There were also some significant between-group findings in the way that studio and school classroom teachers employed verbal persuasion which may be a reflection of the different teaching environments. Efforts to enhance performance self-efficacy could focus on the less-utilized sources. Further recommendations and implications for music pedagogy are outlined.

Self-efficacy and Social Settings Matter for Fostering Healthy Eating in Mexican Schoolchildren

ObjectiveTo identify differences in schoolchildren's self-efficacy for eating behaviors across social settings and self-efficacy sources favoring healthy and unhealthy eating. DesignA cross-sectional, mixed-methods study using self-efficacy and demographic surveys, focus groups, and school environment semistructured observations. SettingMorelos, Mexico, Cuernavaca City school district, public elementary schools in the National School Lunch Program. Participants and RecruitmentWe studied 274 fifth- and sixth-grade children from 8 elementary schools during the 2016–2017 school year. Variables MeasuredChildren's self-efficacy for healthy and unhealthy eating across 3 settings (school cafeteria, recess, and home). Children's perceptions about sources of self-efficacy, which favor their healthy or unhealthy eating (performance accomplishments, behavior modeling, verbal persuasion, and emotional or physiological states). Sociodemographic information was obtained from parents. AnalysisWe performed a variance components analysis with school and students within schools as random effects with paired t tests (quantitative data) and content analysis on the basis of the Social Cognitive Theory (qualitative data). ResultsSchoolchildren's self-efficacy for healthy eating differed across social settings, being greater in the school cafeteria than at recess or home, except for drinking water. On average, self-efficacy for unhealthy eating was lower in the cafeteria than in other studied settings. Performance achievements and behavior modeling were key sources of self-efficacy for healthy and unhealthy eating. Conclusion and ImplicationsSources of self-efficacy and social settings matter to understanding schoolchildren's healthy and unhealthy eating. Future interventions might consider developing collective efficacy among the school community and boosting children's participation in home meal planning. Further research could explore locus of control and other intrapersonal dimensions influencing self-efficacy.

Risk Awareness and Impediments to Disaster Preparedness of Foreign Residents in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area, Japan.

The likelihood of a mega-earthquake, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the threat of other disasters in the Tokyo Metropolitan area have necessitated collective responsibilities to take all possible actions to reduce their impacts. The experiences from past disasters have, however, highlighted the plight of foreign residents in coping with disasters and have reinvigorated calls for rigorous counteractions. As the population of foreign residents continues to increase in the metropolis, this research examines their awareness of risks and the obstacles that hinder disaster preparedness in the wake of future disasters. An Extended Parallel Process Model is utilized to analyze both secondary and primary data sources, and the results reveal that 65% perceive the severity of disaster as a threat and believe in a likelihood of occurrence in the city; however, the confidence to undertake some recommended countermeasures are lacking (with low efficacy of 70%). This is causing many to control their fear by not actively seeking further risk information or participating in disaster prevention activities. In consideration of these instances, the study recommends a collective approach built upon the merits of stakeholder engagements to provide vicarious experiences, verbal persuasions, and mastery experiences to boost the response capacities of foreign residents for disaster preparedness. This will be relevant for city authorities to enhance risk communication and foster foreigner–Japanese community integration.

Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Self Efficacy dalam Kegiatan Pembelajaran Siswa SMP Kartini 2 Kota Batam

Background: Self-efficacy is a belief in an individual's ability to successfully deal with challenges and have the confidence to achieve their desired outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the Factors Associated with Self Efficacy in the Learning Activities of Students in SMP Kartini 2 Batam.&#x0D; Methods: The study uses a descriptive analytic survey research design with cross sectional study approach. The sampling technique was simple random sampling with a sample size of 48 students. Collecting data using a questionnaire sheet and measuring intellectual intelligence with the assistance of a psychologist. Analyzing the data using Spearman's Rho statistics.&#x0D; Results: Spearman's Rho test showed that the experience of success, the experience of others, and psychological conditions had a relationship with self-efficacy, while intellectual intelligence did not. The p-value for experience of success is 0.004, experience of others is 0.039, verbal persuasion is 0.000, psychological condition is 0.007, and intellectual intelligence is 0.823. The correlation coefficient, the experience of success is 0.404, the experience of others is 0.300, verbal persuasion is 0.515, psychological conditions are 0.383, and intellectual intelligence is 0.033.&#x0D; Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, there is a significant relationship between the experience of success, the experience of others, verbal persuasion, and psychological conditions with self-efficacy and there is no significant relationship between intellectual intelligence and self-efficacy. The most influential factor on student learning is verbal persuasion.