Verbal Models Research Articles

К ассоциативной типологии в контексте изучения языка как достояния человека

The article discusses a number of fundamental for the development of associative typology propositions connected with systemogenesis of language as a human species- specific phenomenon. Using the example of the psychological meanings of lexical units that make up the ethnopolitically marked paradigm of the “national”, the author reflects on the patterns in the functioning of a living language, which are revealed on associative- verbal models of the Russian Language Personality (RLP) and can serve as the basis for the development of an associative typology of language. The article considers the problem of ontology and functional motivation of associative (active) grammar (as an inherent property of a linguistic personality) on a semantic basis. The hypothesis of associative grammar as a factor contributing to the integrative formation of meaningful units in the course of their being recruited for the inclusion into the speech flow through elimination of redundancy is proposed for consideration. It is stated that different functionally specific types of techniques aimed at elimination of redundancy and discovered via experiment can be considered as a subject for analysis in associative typology in the light of whole-systemic comparative analyses of network models of an average (national) linguistic personality. They can be described in terms of associative dominants (accentuations of a linguistic personality) and statistically formalized using vector models represented as psychoglosses and /or chronoglosses (in current diachrony).

Machine-assisted social psychology hypothesis generation.

Social psychology research projects begin with generating a testable idea that relies heavily on a researcher's ability to assimilate, recall, and accurately process available research findings. However, an exponential increase in new research findings is making the task of synthesizing ideas across the multitude of topics challenging, which could result in important overlooked research connections. In this research, we leverage the fact that social psychology research is based on verbal models and employ large natural language models to generate hypotheses that can aid social psychology researchers in developing new research hypotheses. We adopted two methodological approaches. In the first approach, we fine-tuned the third-generation generative pre-trained transformer (GPT-3) language model on thousands of abstracts published in more than 50 social psychology journals in the past 55 years as well as on preprint repositories (PsyArXiv). Social psychology experts rated model- and human-generated hypotheses similarly on the dimensions of clarity, originality, and impact. In the second approach, without fine-tuning, we generated hypotheses using GPT-4 and found that social psychology experts rated these generated hypotheses as higher in quality than human-generated hypotheses on dimensions of clarity, originality, impact, plausibility, and relevance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Assessment of verbal (conventional) training versus models training for head frame fixation in neurosurgery

Cranial immobilization is an essential first step in cranial surgeries. Complications related to head fixation frames are under-reported and given less importance during training. Authors report their experience of using verbal (Conventional) training and training by models of “head fixation frame” and “wooden head” for head frame application for cranial surgeries. Models of the “Head Fixation Frame” (Mayfield clamp) and “wooden human head” were made using metal (iron) and wood, respectively. Major craniometric landmarks and dural venous sinuses were marked on the head model. A total of 15 trainee residents of >18 months (Group A, n = 4), < 18 months (Group B, n = 5), and without neurosurgical training (Group C, n = 6) were assessed for head frame application on human cadaver heads after verbal (conventional) training (n = 8) and training on models (n = 7). Various parameters, such as time taken for pin application, selection of pin site, and quadrants, were evaluated for adequacy of pin placements and position of head. Both methods were compared for assessment of better training method. Model training for head frame fixation was found better with regard to all aspects out of which time for positioning the head and for pin application, selection of quadrants of the head, site for pin insertions, and need of intervention by faculty were significant. Training on models of “head fixation frame” and “head” is better than conventional training. It is simple and safe and will prevent pin-related complications.

Prospects for the Formation of an Educational Ecosystem

During the period of higher education reform, there is an increasing need to identify new approaches and develop the discussed models of interaction between the university and students, employers and authorities, which makes it relevant to study the prospects of university structures from the perspective of the ecosystem approach. The purpose of this study is to determine the main characteristics of the ecosystem as a socio-economic phenomenon, the projection of which onto the higher education system gives an idea of the strategically significant directions of its development. Among the research methods, content analysis of scientific publications, methods of paired comparisons and aggregation of keywords for constructing verbal models, as well as methods of logical analysis and synthesis of information within the subject area of research were used. The work identifies the main parameters of educational ecosystems in terms of prospects for the development of higher education in modern Russian conditions. As a result, an integral definition of such a concept as “ecosystem” is given, and in relation to the higher education system, the possibility of building a network structure of a university system using innovative platforms aimed at realizing synergistic effects for all participants in the educational ecosystem being formed is shown.

Emotions in conceptual spaces

ABSTRACT The overreliance on verbal models and theories in psychology has been criticized for hindering the development of reliable research programs (Harris, 1976; Yarkoni, 2020). We demonstrate how the conceptual space framework can be used to formalize verbal theories and improve their precision and testability. In the framework, scientific concepts are represented by means of geometric objects. As a case study, we present a formalization of an existing three-dimensional theory of emotion which was developed with a spatial metaphor in mind. Wundt posits that the range of human emotion can be represented along three axes of basic emotions (pleasure/displeasure, excitement/inhibition, tension/relaxation), just as color vision can be represented using three basic colors. We use dimensions to represent basic emotions, points to represent emotional states, and regions to represent broader emotional concepts. We then compare our formalization to an existing structuralist formalization of Wundt’s theory. Further, we discuss the empirical predictions that our formalization generates, such as comparisons of similarity and intensity. We conclude by demonstrating how the tools developed in the conceptual space framework can be used to formulate a theory of emotion based on empirical observation.

Fisher's Geometric Model as a Tool to Study Speciation.

Interactions between alleles and across environments play an important role in the fitness of hybrids and are at the heart of the speciation process. Fitness landscapes capture these interactions and can be used to model hybrid fitness, helping us to interpret empirical observations and clarify verbal models. Here, we review recent progress in understanding hybridization outcomes through Fisher's geometric model, an intuitive and analytically tractable fitness landscape that captures many fitness patterns observed across taxa. We use case studies to show how the model parameters can be estimated from different types of data and discuss how these estimates can be used to make inferences about the divergence history and genetic architecture. We also highlight some areas where the model's predictions differ from alternative incompatibility-based models, such as the snowball effect and outlier patterns in genome scans.

Evaluation of the Impact of Maternal Educational Models on Early Childhood Caries in Preterm Infants

Purpose: This prospective cohort study aimed to assess the impact of different educational models on maternal awareness and dental caries development in preterm infants. Methods: This study included 56 preterm infants and their mothers. Participants were divided into two groups based on the education models provided to their mothers: visual and verbal education (Group 1) and verbal education alone (Group 2). Mothers received either visual or verbal presentations focusing on maternal oral hygiene, early childhood caries, and infant oral hygiene. Training and oral examinations were repeated at 3-month intervals for 18 months. Intraoral examinations of the infants were performed again 9 months after the last visit. Demographic factors, oral hygiene and caries development were assessed through clinical examinations and questionnaires. Results: There is no significant difference in demographic variables between the two groups. Both education models significantly increased maternal knowledge, as evidenced by pre-test and post-test scores (p=0.001). However, no statistically significant difference was observed in caries development between the two groups (p=0.322). Only verbal education and visual and verbal education methods were effective in preventing early childhood caries. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that both visual and verbal educational models, repeated at frequent intervals, effectively increase maternal knowledge about oral and dental health in preterm infants.

Planning of operation of technical systems of complex objects when using flexible strategies on the set of states of functioning

Verbal and formal models and methods of solving the problem of optimal planning of operation of technical systems of complex objects using flexible strategies on the set of states of functioning are presented. Technical systems fulfill the functions of providing the required conditions of functioning of technological equipment of complex objects. In complex multilevel objects technical systems occupy the lowest hierarchical level, which imposes some restrictions on the development of long-term plans for their operation, the timing and volume of preventive maintenance. Taking into account the differences and peculiarities of technical systems, we have developed mathematical models of quality indicators of the elements' functioning taking into account the implementation of preventive measures, and set the task of optimal long-term operation planning at the verbal and formal levels. The coefficients of readiness and operational readiness of system elements are taken as indicators of optimality under the constraints of specified terms, costs and duration of preventive maintenance. When planning control actions on the technical state of systems, not only the scope of preventive maintenance, but also the degree of utilization of redundant elements for their intended purpose are determined. To solve the optimization problem, an algorithm based on the random search method is developed. As a result of the performed research the following results are obtained: - mathematical models of complex indicators of reliability of elements of technical systems; - mathematical model of long-term planning of operation of technical systems; - an algorithm for finding an optimal solution based on the random search method.

The Ecology of Hybrid Incompatibilities.

Ecologically mediated selection against hybrids, caused by hybrid phenotypes fitting poorly into available niches, is typically viewed as distinct from selection caused by epistatic Dobzhansky-Muller hybrid incompatibilities. Here, we show how selection against transgressive phenotypes in hybrids manifests as incompatibility. After outlining our logic, we summarize current approaches for studying ecology-based selection on hybrids. We then quantitatively review QTL-mapping studies and find traits differing between parent taxa are typically polygenic. Next, we describe how verbal models of selection on hybrids translate to phenotypic and genetic fitness landscapes, highlighting emerging approaches for detecting polygenic incompatibilities. Finally, in a synthesis of published data, we report that trait transgression-and thus possibly extrinsic hybrid incompatibility in hybrids-escalates with the phenotypic divergence between parents. We discuss conceptual implications and conclude that studying the ecological basis of hybrid incompatibility will facilitate new discoveries about mechanisms of speciation.

Alternative technologies of composite of highly loaded aircraft structures: a qualitative method for making multicriteria decisions: Part III. Research of the methodological basis in decision-making: technological constructions in in the assessment toolki

The third part of the article proceeds from the starting points in the decision-making problem (DMP) specified in the first stages of research [1, 2]. Here, we continue to compare the predominance (first of all, quality) of autoclave and non-autoclave alternative technological processes (ATP) as part of the stages of TP(e) with a linear algorithm of end-to-end action in the manufacture of carbon fiber (CF) aircraft structures (AC) such as highly loaded wing stringer panels (HLS) of B787, A350, MC-21, CSeries mainline aircraft as a component of hierarchical systems. To describe and study them, the following were involved: initial technological and verbal models, technological and mathematical model of an autonomous dynamic system (ADS) and a number of two-dimensional manifolds (topology) to it in the form of technological and geometric models. The article continues the study of development in this direction by approximating manifolds by polyhedra. Including co-cellular and double-formed structures - pentagonal pyramids and bipyramids, as well as bodies of revolution around them - cone and bicon. Examples of schematic and technological interpretive modeling are presented. The methodological basis is the main provisions of decision-making theory, factor analysis and system-process approach with the involvement of practice results (expert analysis), first of all, the definition of technological factors of processes with criterion assessments of the advantages, components of alternatives in their competitive strategies.

Sleep breathing patterns and neurocognitive function in a diverse Hispanic/Latino cohort

AbstractBackgroundSleep disorders are common in patients with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), characterized by intermittent cessation of breathing and hypoxemia, has been associated with increased risk of AD and worse cognitive function. However, the interacting effects of neurocognitive function with sleep breathing patterns, independent of the apnea‐hypopnea index, (a measure of OSA severity) have not been carefully studied. We use a novel approach to analyzing home sleep apnea data to examine breathing patterns and their relationships with neurocognitive function.MethodThe Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) is a prospective multicenter study of diverse Latinos. Around 16,000 diverse Hispanic/Latinos were recruited from four major metropolitan cities. Participants used an ARES unirecorder device for a single night of unsupervised at home recording. We used python package “bycycle” to cannula data (sampled at 10Hz). Bycycle uses a time domain approach to parameterizing rhythmic time‐series data. We extracted breathing rate (breaths per minute), breathing variability (interquartile range of breathing rate) and time spent in inhalation phase (percent time). Participants ages ≥45 (unweighted n = 5,957) were tested in their preferred language using a brief battery including: B‐SEVLT (3‐trials sum) and Delayed Recall (memory), World Fluency (verbal fluency), and Digit Symbol Substitution (executive function). Covariates used in our models are described in Table 1. All presented estimates were weighted for appropriate generalization to the HCHS/SOL target population.ResultIn unadjusted models, all breathing measures were negatively associated with cognitive function, but only breathing rate remained significant after full covariate adjustment (Figure 1). We found significant interactions between breathing rate and sex, as well as age for verbal fluency models. Being female and older age were associated with steeper slopes of cognitive under‐performance for both breathing rate and breathing variability (Figure 2).ConclusionThese results suggest that breathing patterns outside apneas‐hypopneas may be as critical in understanding sleep related changes and cognitive function in an aging population. Given cessation of breathing during an apnea‐hypopnea event, breathing variability may add more precision to account for varying oxygen demands. Further studies should examine whether breathing instability is also associated with cognitive decline, impairment, and dementia.

The Comparison of Anxiety Tactile Using the RMS Tactile Scan in Visually Impaired Children After Performing Oral Prophylaxis by Explaining to Them the Procedure by Verbal Tactile Method.

Dental anxiety assessment for blind children is important. Appropriate knowledge of the patient's anxiety will help to review management options specific to every child. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anxiety level using the Raghavendra, Madhuri, Sujata (RMS) tactile scale (RMS-TS) of visually impaired children after explaining the oral prophylaxis procedure verbally and by the verbal-tactile method followed by performing the oral prophylaxis procedure. A total of 30 children aged between 6 and 13 years were included in this study from a residential school for visually impaired children. These children were divided into two equal groups. One group was explained oral prophylaxis by verbal method and another was explained in a verbal-tactile method, preintervention and postintervention anxiety of the children was checked on the RMS-TS. A comparison of mean values between the two groups was done using a t-test. Comparison of mean values in each group for before and after values were done using paired t-test and was found that anxiety had reduced in the verbal-tactile group more significantly than that of the verbal group. The study shows that the combination of verbal and tactile models for explaining the dental procedure is an effective way to reduce anxiety in blind children. Kumbar S, Rathod SA, Patil AT, et al. The Comparison of Anxiety Tactile Using the RMS Tactile Scan in Visually Impaired Children After Performing Oral Prophylaxis by Explaining to Them the Procedure by Verbal Tactile Method. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(4):551-554.

Conceptual and analytical approaches for modelling the developmental origins of inequality.

In many species, individuals that experience harsh conditions during development have poor health and fitness outcomes in adulthood, compared with peers that do not. These early-life contributions to inequality are often attributed to two classes of evolutionary hypotheses: Developmental Constraints (DC) models, which focus on the deleterious effects of low-quality early-life environments, and Predictive Adaptive Response (PAR) hypotheses, which emphasize the costs individuals incur when they make incorrect predictions about conditions in adulthood. Testing these hypotheses empirically is difficult for conceptual and analytical reasons. Here, we help resolve some of these difficulties by providing mathematical definitions for DC, PAR (particularly focusing on 'external' PAR) and related concepts. We propose a novel, quadratic regression-based statistical test derived from these definitions. Our simulations show that this approach markedly improves the ability to discriminate between DC and PAR hypotheses relative to the status quo approach, which uses interaction effects. Simulated data indicate that the interaction effects approach often conflates PAR with DC, while the quadratic regression approach yields high sensitivity and specificity for detecting PAR. Our results highlight the value of linking verbal and visual models to a formal mathematical treatment for understanding the developmental origins of inequitable adult outcomes. This article is part of the theme issue 'Evolutionary ecology of inequality'.

Construction of a visual model of people’s movement to manage safety when evacuating from a sports infrastructure facility

By applying the probabilistic method and optimization synthesis of flexible technological lines, topological models have been built of safety-oriented management of human flows and evacuation time using the «Arena Lviv» stadium as an example. They are necessary to calculate the time of evacuation of people to a safe zone. When people leave the stadium sectors on the promenade, their flow is significantly modified. Therefore, the calculation of the time of evacuation of people requires the use of different procedures depending on the type of human flow in order to obtain more accurate results. There may be several such cases on one evacuation route and significantly more during the evacuation of people from all sectors and premises of the stadium administrative building as a whole. Thus, a lot of time is spent on choosing the right procedure and initial data for calculation if we use existing classical verbal models, which is their disadvantage. Verbal models have a large volume, they need to be repeatedly re-read in order to determine the numerical values of factors affecting the flow of people while topological models are much more compact. Topological models make it possible to visually present more complete information about the evacuation process, and this makes it possible to quickly select the initial data for calculating the time of evacuation of people at the next evacuation site. The time of evacuation of people from the «Arena Lviv» stadium was calculated; the evacuation system happened to not comply with the accepted standards. In particular, the time of evacuation of people from the structure exceeded eight minutes. Using the critical path method, bottlenecks of the stadium evacuation system were identified, and human flows were redistributed, which made it possible to reduce the total evacuation time to acceptable indicators

Design of mechanisms for ensuring the execution of tasks in project planning

This paper reports an analysis of aspects of the project planning stage. The object of research is the decision-making processes that take place at this stage. This work considers the problem of building a hierarchy of tasks, their distribution among performers, taking into account restrictions on financial costs and duration of project implementation. Verbal and mathematical models of the task of constructing a hierarchy of tasks and other tasks that take place at the stage of project planning were constructed. Such indicators of the project implementation process efficiency were introduced as the time, cost, and cost-time efficiency. In order to be able to apply these criteria, the tasks of estimating the minimum value of the duration of the project and its minimum required cost were considered. Appropriate methods have been developed to solve them. The developed iterative method for assessing the minimum duration of project implementation is based on taking into account the possibility of simultaneous execution of various tasks. The method of estimating the minimum cost of the project is to build and solve the problem of Boolean programming. The values obtained as a result of solving these problems form an «ideal point», approaching which is enabled by the developed iterative method of constructing a hierarchy of tasks based on the method of sequential concessions. This method makes it possible to devise options for management decisions to obtain valid solutions to the problem. According to them, the decision maker can introduce a concession on the value of one or both components of the «ideal point» or change the input data to the task. The models and methods built can be used when planning projects in education, science, production, etc.

Identifying Climatic Drivers of Hybridization with a New Ancestral Niche Reconstruction Method.

Applications of molecular phylogenetic approaches have uncovered evidence of hybridization across numerous clades of life, yet the environmental factors responsible for driving opportunities for hybridization remain obscure. Verbal models implicating geographic range shifts that brought species together during the Pleistocene have often been invoked, but quantitative tests using paleoclimatic data are needed to validate these models. Here, we produce a phylogeny for Heuchereae, a clade of 15 genera and 83 species in Saxifragaceae, with complete sampling of recognized species, using 277 nuclear loci and nearly complete chloroplast genomes. We then employ an improved framework with a coalescent simulation approach to test and confirm previous hybridization hypotheses and identify one new intergeneric hybridization event. Focusing on the North American distribution of Heuchereae, we introduce and implement a newly developed approach to reconstruct potential past distributions for ancestral lineages across all species in the clade and across a paleoclimatic record extending from the late Pliocene. Time calibration based on both nuclear and chloroplast trees recovers a mid- to late-Pleistocene date for most inferred hybridization events, a timeframe concomitant with repeated geographic range restriction into overlapping refugia. Our results indicate an important role for past episodes of climate change, and the contrasting responses of species with differing ecological strategies, in generating novel patterns of range contact among plant communities and therefore new opportunities for hybridization. The new ancestral niche method flexibly models the shape of niche while incorporating diverse sources of uncertainty and will be an important addition to the current comparative methods toolkit. [Ancestral niche reconstruction; hybridization; paleoclimate; pleistocene.].

Mercury's xenolandscapes

The scientific understanding of such features of xenolandscape formation has been carried out, which corresponds to the filling of the scientific-cognitive synthesis of knowledge about this process with all available information appropriate to various natural sciences. At the beginning of awareness, this synthesis is xenoplanetological, with subsequent search and target xenolandscape interpretation and cartographic representation of characteristic, typical local and regional xenolandscape formations of Mercury. Predominantly medium-scale maps of such representations are, first of all, a reflection of local objects of xenoplanet landscape science. Moreover, these reflected objects are out-of-rank, that is, they have not yet been determined with respect to the ranks of xenolandscape formations, similarly formed due to the synergy of influences and interactions of different strengths, but genetically the same initial xenolandscape-forming factors of material and energy-field xenonaturals. Whatever the general diversity of xenolandscape objects of other lithospheric planets, not the Earth, no matter how plentiful and diverse their inventory list may seem, the cosmic conditions for their appearance and the acquisition of their final forms are not rank-limited and, at the same time, essentially not differentiated - they are the same: meteorite falls , the most common example. Therefore, it is unrealistic and impossible to give even an approximate possible rank «link forward» of certain xenolandscape formations and present them as «mainly local» or «mainly lower regional» or even planetary ranks, now and further. This is due to the absence of many landscape-forming factors that are effective within the terrestrial nature, geocomponent and geofactorial, that is, material and predominantly energy, the activity of which is reduced almost to zero. But at the same time, the rank identification of each formation in particular, among all the available xenolandscape objects, is still possible – and this is not a self-contradiction here. In each specific case, and under each expressive illustration with a photo image or a model of such a xenolandscape formation, with its fixed spatial parameters (linear scale), the rank of the displayed formation is determined and indicated here under each figure. The specificity of xenolandscape interpretations of the nature of the terrestrial lithospheric planets is a greater and more accessible performance for the synthesis of knowledge about local and regional landscape formations of xenoplanets using cartographic rather than verbal scientific models. Syntheses-descriptions of xenolandscape formations, typical for landscape scientists, are still waiting for an effective search for their scientific content. Keywords: Mercury, planet, xenolandscape.

Ensuring SDN Resilience under the Influence of Cyber Attacks: Combining Methods of Topological Transformation of Stochastic Networks, Markov Processes, and Neural Networks

The article proposes an approach to ensuring the functioning of Software-Defined Networks (SDN) in cyber attack conditions based on the analytical modeling of cyber attacks using the method of topological transformation of stochastic networks. Unlike other well-known approaches, the proposed approach combines the SDN resilience assessment based on analytical modeling and the SDN state monitoring based on a neural network. The mathematical foundations of this assessment are considered, which make it possible to calculate the resilience indicators of SDN using analytical expressions. As the main indicator, it is proposed to use the correct operation coefficient for the resilience of SDN. The approach under consideration involves the development of verbal models of cyber attacks, followed by the construction of their analytical models. In order to build analytical models of cyber attacks, the method of topological transformation of stochastic networks (TTSN) is used. To obtain initial data in the simulation, the SDN simulation bench was justified and deployed in the EVE-NG (Emulated Virtual Environment Next Generation) virtual environment. The result of the simulation is the time distribution function and the average time for the cyber attack implementation. These results are then used to evaluate the SDN resilience indicators, which are found by using the Markov processes theory. In order to ensure the resilience of the SDN functioning, the article substantiates an algorithm for monitoring the state of controllers and their automatic restructuring, built on the basis of a neural network. When one is choosing a neural network, a comparative evaluation of the convolutional neural network and the LSTM neural network is carried out. The experimental results of analytical modeling and simulation are presented and their comparative evaluation is carried out, which showed that the proposed approach has a sufficiently high accuracy, completeness of the obtained solutions and it took a short time to obtain the result.

Подход к формализации оценки угроз информационной безопасности методом нечеткого моделирования

Introduction: The level of information security threats in the protected system can be considered as an input variable of the information security management model as a destabilizing effect. The existing methods of threat assessment are a set of informal verbal models having recommendations and a sequence of a specialist actions. Such models make it possible to determine a set of measures, but lack the ability to conduct numerical assessments, mainly to numerically determine changes in the composition and quality of the current threats list. The regulatory documents recommend the use of exclusively expert methods. However, the use of expert assessments as an "accurate meter" excludes continuous numerical assessments. Besides, the FSTEC of Russia recommendations on the formation of an expert group from among the employees of the protected system cast doubt on the objectivity of such an assessment. Research objective: The research objective is to substantiate the possibility of using a combination of expert assessment methods and fuzzy modeling methods to conduct numerical assessments of the actual information security threats level in a protected system. Methods: The object of modeling – the process of assessing the actual threats level – is considered as a complex system with unavoidable uncertainty. The applied modeling method is a combination of the expert assessment method, the fuzzy modeling method and the "threat tree" structuring method. The expert assessment method is used to initially determine the numerical values of the threats level. As a fuzzy algorithm, the basic algorithm of Mamdani inference on the rules is used. Results: The qualitative adequacy of the proposed model is substantiated. The possibility of promptly changing the numerical assessment of the overall threats level when identifying new threats, not known before, is shown. Practical significance: Using the described approach to the numerical assessment of the threats level in the protected system allows to formalize one of the input variables of the general information security management model.

КОГНІТИВНА МЕТАФОРА ЖИТТЯ/СМЕРТЬ КРІЗЬ ПРИЗМУ МОВНОЇ КАРТИНИ СВІТУ ВАСИЛЯ ШКЛЯРА

The anthropocentric approach to studying of language and speech causes linguists’ turn to literary discourse, since at the present stage of linguistic science development, it is relevant, in our opinion, there are researches of discursive phenomena, verbal conceptual models and their infl uence on the functioning of language units. This is manifested in the fact that the study of metaphorical mod-els in the cognitive and discursive structure is of particular interest. Attention to the problem of metaphor, certain aspects of its studying, is pri-marily due to the complexity of the speech phenomenon, the desire of linguists to fi nd hidden mechanisms that control the metaphorical process, the laws of its existence. In the system of linguistic structures, metaphor is considered as a dynamic linguistic phenomenon, which is characterized by such concepts as dis-course, dialogical discourse in cognitive-discursive, systemic-active and func-tional-communicative approaches, which is based on a dual orientation towards the author, the creator, who is considered as a universal language personality, and on the society represented by the addressee, the reader.Such an approach to the study of metaphor based on the formation of a com-municative-discursive paradigm indicates the need for theoretical and practical study of metaphor in a cognitive-discursive context aimed at substantiating the implementation of the language system taking into account lingual and extralin-gual factors. This is the relevance of scientifi c research, the purpose of which is to investigate the cognitive counter-metaphor LIFE / DEATH in the discursive dialogic structures of Vasyl Shkliar’s text «Zalyshents. Chornyi Voron». The study of cognitive metaphor makes it possible to make generalizations about the functioning tendencies of ideas about life and death, the embodiment of the ethnic uniqueness of world perception and the conceptual presentation of the analyzed metaphor through the prism of archetypal manifestations. The interpretation of LIFE / DEATH as a natural phenomenon is motivated by human empirical experience.In the Ukrainian picture of the world, the researched metaphors have a strong connection with archetypes, which is explained by paganism, the tradi-tions of which are deeply rooted in the Ukrainian linguistic consciousness. Prospective directions for further research should include revealing and de-termining the scope and content of the cognitive metaphor LIFE / DEATH in other works of this author.