Verbal Modeling Research Articles

R&D performance system as a basis for monitoring research and technological development.

The study develops and specifies the approach previously proposed by the authors to the creation of a system for the evaluation of the effectiveness of research and technological activities in the Russian Federation. This system would serve as a foundation for monitoring scientific and technological progress in Russia and its regions, as well as R&D subjects and other elements of the science and innovation sphere. The authors identify the potential of this system to ensure the protection of the Russia’s domestic research and technological sector against unauthorized transfer of R&D results to foreign countries. It would also ensure compliance with secrecy and confidentiality regulations and provide additional opportunities for efficient public management of R&D sphere based on R&D performance data. The purpose of this study is to explore the potential use of the data provided by the system in addressing the most significant challenges facing the domestic science and technology sector in terms of safety and security, as well as protection against various threats. Additionally, we aim to contribute to the scientific, technological, and socio-economic development of Russia through the use of this system. In our analysis, we have applied principles from science and technology theories and strategies for scientific and technological advancement in Russia. We have also used verbal modeling approaches to analyze the potential impact of the system on the sector. Furthermore, we discuss potential additional measures that could be taken to enhance the effectiveness of the system, such as involving different stakeholders in the research and development process to ensure a more comprehensive approach.

ESG principles for increasing the efficiency of the oil and gas complex

The research purpose is to determine the possibility of applying ESG principles in the process of forming development prospects for modern Russian oil and gas organisations from the perspective of an ecosystem approach. The subject of the study is tools for increasing efficiency. The methods of content analysis, synthesis and verbal modelling have been used. It is shown that the orientation of the country’s oil and gas complex to ensure the sustainability of social and corporate governance while preserving the ecology of the environment helps to increase the efficiency of the complex in the future. In this case, it will receive competitive advantages which can be appreciated by investors who organise the attraction of financial and information resources as well as human, material and energy resources. The novelty of the results obtained lies in the substantiation of the approach that is founded on a combination of such categories as ESG principles, sustainable development, ecosystem approach, and strategic management. The results of the study prove the feasibility of applying the ESG principles as tools which ensure the sustainable development of modern Russian oil and gas organisations based on the ecosystem approach in the process of searching solutions to increase the efficiency of the core activities. The approach contributes to the formation of a specific ecosystem where within the framework of its development strategy the efficiency of both a network of technologically related organisations and organisations that produce complementary goods and provide infrastructure services to the entire oil and gas complex is guaranteed.

System for Assessing R&D Effectiveness as a Basis for Monitoring the Development of Scientific and Technological Sphere

The authors outline general methodology for the creation of the earlier proposed system for the assessment of R&D effectiveness as the most important element of the process of monitoring scientific and technological development of Russia (collection and analysis of information, assessment of scientific and technological results, scientific and technological forecast, R&D planning and financing) and of the strategic planning of scientific and technological sphere of the country. The attention is focused on the content of the introduced into the system characteristics of R&D results obtained in the country. Practical implementation of the system would improve the effectiveness of the domestic R&D sector, stimulate the innovative development of the country, increase the efficiency of the national economy and the quality of life. The purpose of the work is to create the most complete list of characteristics of R&D results included into the R&D assessment system. The list of such characteristics includes the initially introduced data regarding an R&D result (type, authors, year of getting the result, etc.), as well as the assessments received during a double examination: by expert scientists and leading scientific organizations in the given scientific field or educational institutions. In addition, the characteristics of scientific and technological results should include data that may be required by users of the system both being and not being subjects of scientific and technological activities: state, regional and municipal authorities; monitoring systems of intersectoral complexes, industries and organizations; R&D products’ customers. The authors also proposed possible approaches to financial support for the functioning of the system and monitoring of the effectiveness of the Russian scientific and technological development, which may become the basis for the operation of the proposed system. In solving problems the authors relied on verbal modeling approaches, while for decomposing tasks of consumers of scientific and technological activities - on methods of program-target planning.

Parental verbal communication and modeling behavior during mealtimes shape offspring eating behavior – A systematic review with a focus on clinical implications for eating disorders

ObjectiveThe aim of this review is to provide an overview of parental communication patterns during mealtimes, with a special emphasis being placed on the differences between families with and without a history of eating disorders. MethodsThe systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. A systematic literature search was carried out in PubMed, PubPsych and PsycINFO and the results were assessed for eligibility by two independent raters using the PICOS criteria. Only studies that included a mealtime observation were considered suitable for analysis of both explicit and implicit parental communication. ResultsThe results of the review suggest that mothers communicate more, with more complexity, and with a greater variety of words with their children during mealtimes compared to fathers. The intention and type of communication is diverse and heterogeneous. In general, parents often tried to encourage their children to eat. Verbal modeling and co-eating appeared to be common behaviors. Mothers with a history of eating disorders expressed more negative emotions during eating than mothers without eating disorders. Findings regarding the use of positive comments and controlling speech are contradicting. DiscussionThe review outlines major fields of parent-child communication and modeling behavior around family meals which might be relevant to investigate and integrate into models of intergenerational transmission of eating behavior and disordered eating.

Exploring the functionality of -sa/se affixes for conveying potential and unreal scenarios

The article focuses on the grammatical and semantic potential of the -sa/-se affix in forming the conditional and desirable mood in the Turkish language. It allowed the authors to trace the gradual transitions from actual reality to a broader one through the sphere of potentiality toward unreality. It was found that the affix -sa/-se is involved in forming the hypothetical and unreal word modality, i.e., it directly affects the seme. The proposed scientific research systematizes the existing knowledge about the paradigm of meanings that the -sa/-se affix can realize. Using a comprehensive methodological approach, it determines the interrelation between its position and function in the Turkish language construction. This includes a continuous sampling method, a descriptive method, a method of contextual analysis to establish the specifics of the formation of different contexts by this morpheme, and a method of pragmatic analysis. The article shows that the affix -sa/-se can express both unreal and real conditions. The authors of this paper have investigated that the sequence of formants in the formation of an unreal condition semantics has the following form: a condition affix (in preposition), an affix that realizes the temporal value. While forming a semi-real condition, the formant does not have a temporal indicator since, in hypothetical constructions, there is a clear opposition between the real and the desired. In the case of verbal modeling of a real condition, the temporal marker is the one in the preposition to the condition affix. As a word-forming formant, the affix realizes a wide range of other modal meanings and can express a more grammatically formalized epistemic modality.

The oil and gas complex efficiency: An ecosystem-based approach

Subject. The article considers approaches to improving efficiency. Objectives. The purpose is to determine the possibility to increase efficiency in shaping the prospects for the development of modern Russian organizations of the oil and gas complex from the standpoint of the ecosystem approach. Methods. The study draws on methods of content analysis, synthesis, and verbal modeling. Results. The paper shows that organizations of the country's oil and gas complex can create ecosystems. It established that the ecosystem functioning ensures an increase in the efficiency of interaction and mutual development of its participants, customers, and external environment as a whole. The novelty of the obtained results consists in the justification of the ecosystem approach, which is based on a combination of categories, like cooperation, coevolution, competition, and strategic management. Conclusions. The findings prove the feasibility of implementing a synergistic effect as a model that ensures the development of modern Russian oil and gas complex organizations based on an ecosystem approach, in the process of finding solutions to increase the efficiency of core activities of all ecosystem participants, including suppliers and consumers of goods and services.

Pain Rating is Worth a Thousand Words: Nocebo Hyperalgesia Induced by Verbal Modeling Prevails Over the Effects of Symbolic Modeling and Verbal Suggestion

This study compares the effectiveness of verbal modeling, symbolic modeling, and verbal suggestion in inducing nocebo hyperalgesia. It is the first study to examine the contribution of stress to observationally induced nocebo hyperalgesia. This study’s experimental groups represented various sources of social information: a group of people participating in the study (verbal modeling), a single participant (symbolic modeling), and an experimenter (verbal suggestion). During the experiment, participants received electrocutaneous stimuli at the same intensity, some of which were applied with a nocebo (sham device). Participants in the verbal modeling group were acquainted with pain ratings that had allegedly been provided by other participants. The ratings suggested that other participants experienced more pain in the nocebo trials than in the control trials. In the symbolic modeling group, participants observed a videotaped model experiencing more pain in the nocebo than in the control trials. In the verbal suggestion group, participants received a verbal suggestion of hyperalgesia in the nocebo trials and no suggestion in the control trials. No manipulations were used in the control group. To investigate whether nocebo hyperalgesia is stable over time, an additional extinction phase was conducted. Nocebo hyperalgesia was induced by verbal modeling only and was partially mediated by expectancy. Stress was a significant moderator of the induced effect. Nocebo hyperalgesia was extinguished during the extinction phase. The obtained results provide potential implications for minimizing nocebo hyperalgesia in clinical practice by, for instance, controlling patients’ expectancies and stress levels. PerspectiveThe study shows the role of pain-related information derived from other people in shaping negative treatment experiences in the individual. Because information from others has a particular impact on individuals experiencing stress, both this information and the stress level of patients should be monitored in the treatment process.

Verbal instructional modeling: An intervention to improve students' perceived level of confidence in critical thinking skills

Verbal instructional modeling is a concept put forward by Albert Bandura (1977) under Observational Learning which assumed that when certain explanations and descriptions were presented, learning was enhanced. This study banks on this concept and confirms whether Verbal Instructional Modeling helped improve the perceived confidence of Grade 10 students from a private school in the Philippines in terms of their critical thinking skills. The study made use of a practical action research design and used a 6-point Likert Scale Questionnaire. Employing convenience sampling, the researchers collected the data pre- and post-implementation, describing the perceived level of confidence of the participants before and after the intervention. The data was then analyzed and interpreted with the use of the T-test. The study's results confirmed that Verbal Instructional Modeling improves the respondents' perceived confidence level in their critical-thinking skills. Therefore, the researchers recommend continued use of Verbal Instructional Modeling in classroom interactions.

Communication and pragmatic peculiarities of esoteric forecasts in mass media discourse of the Russo-Ukrainian war

The subject of the study is esoteric projections as one of the ways to create a verbal pattern of the future. The study is based on the text and video content containing esoteric forecasts, fortune telling and predictions about the course of the Russo-Ukrainian War after the full-scale invasion of Ukraine by the aggressor’s military. Today Ukrainians suffer from the Russian military’s criminal actions and information warfare organized by the authorities and propagandists of the Russian Federation, they feel permanent stress and are very sensitive to esoteric content that creates an illusion of understanding of the situation, provokes wrong conclusions and actions, which can result in dangerous situations for the citizens. Thus, Ukraine has a serious problem of differentiating between high-quality and manipulative forecasts, which makes urgent the study of its communication and pragmatic peculiarities, verification of the forecasts, and dissemination of information about forecasting content quality. The aim of the study is to accentuate and explore esoteric forecasting as a special type of verbal modeling of the future, which has different communication purposes, specific intentionally organized non-verbal context of the messages about the future and means of linguistic impact on the recipient, as opposed to the scientific and naive empirical forecasting. The results of this study showed a manipulative nature of the esoteric forecasts — in most cases, they are aimed at attracting an audience to the media channels with corresponding content and forming a social and political opinion beneficial to the sponsors of such content, or required evaluation of the events in Ukraine and other countries. From the linguistic point of view, esoteric forecasts are typically characterized by imperative constructions with the explicitly realized epistemic modality of reality expressed by the modes of faith, knowledge, and belief. This is a distinct feature of the forecasts based on analysis, whereas scientific and naive empirical forecasting is characterized by the author’s uncertainty about the forecasting content, which they demonstrate using constructions with hypothetic epistemic modality and lexical means that convey uncertainty and hesitation. This study is novel as linguistic and extralingual means of expression of esoteric forecasts under the conditions of the Russo-Ukrainian War were analysed for the first time. It is worth studying scientific and empirical forecasts and determine the nature of their influence on the media content consumers in the future.

Sustainable consumer behavior: research through the prism of generational theory

Purpose: to present an author-designed methodology for measuring sustainable consumer behavior and the results of its practical evaluation for the verbal modelling of behavior of consumers of generations X, Y and z in conditions of unstable socio-economic and environmental systems.Methods: the study is grounded in the application of methods of content analysis of secondary information and statistical analysis of primary data. Results and implications of the research study are grounded in the use of the author-designed system of indicators of sustainable consumer behavior in the marketing study of the extent of manifestation of such behavior by consumers of generations X, Y, z on a representative sample of 1195 units who reside in more than 200 large cities in Russia.Results: the author-designed customized methodology for measuring sustainable consumer behavior that is grounded in a system of qualitative indicators, classified by clusters of interrelated objectives on sustainable societal development (socio-economic, social and socio-environmental), has been developed. The study findings enabled the authors to identify significant differences in indicators of sustainable behavior of consumers of different generations and to determine their proclivity to exhibit sustainable behavior in the future. The detected differences served as the basis for demonstration of both the verbal models of sustainable behavior of consumers of generations X, Y and z and the possibility to identify generational groups as large market segments for the purposes of differentiating sustainable marketing strategies.Сonclusions and Relevance: the results of testing of the author-designed methodology for measuring sustainable behavior of consumers from different generational groups confirmed the provisions of the generational theory on differences in their behavior, which manifested itself in differentiation of the contribution of consumers of the X, Y, z generations to achieving socio-economic, social and environmental objectives in the country through productive (destructive) behavioral patterns. Therefore, application of generational theory provisions will be instrumental in identifying large target market segments, corresponding to the generational groups with different profiles and models of sustainable behavior, which will require differentiated approach in sustainable marketing.

A Combined Spoken Language Intervention for a Minimally Verbal Child With Autism: A Clinical Case Study

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of a combined intervention program, incorporating both communication and speech production strategies, on the spoken language of a minimally verbal child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Method:This in-depth, clinical case study focused on a 4-year-old boy who was diagnosed with ASD. The study examined the spoken production of preselected words by the participant, using a combined intervention approach, consisting of three communication strategies and three speech production strategies during structured play. The target words were chosen based on aspects of neurotypical word learning during the first 50-word phase of language development. The combined intervention approach consisted of three communication strategies and three speech production strategies delivered during structured play activities.Results:The participant demonstrated improved spontaneous and imitative production of the target words during treatment and maintained production of the target words 1 month after treatment ended. Additionally, the boy demonstrated production of seven out of the eight target words on the posttreatment MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI): Words and Gestures, as well as an increase in the number of spoken words on the CDI that were more than what would be expected for a neurotypical child in a comparable developmental period. The communication strategy used most often was modeling (which required the child to respond), and the speech production strategy used most often was verbal modeling (which did not require the child to respond).Conclusions:There appeared to be a quantitative and qualitative difference in production of the target words before and after treatment. Clinical implications for using communication and speech production strategies in combination for minimally verbal children with ASD are discussed.

Effects of verbal instruction vs. modelling on imitation and overimitation

Human culture is the result of a unique cumulative evolutionary process. Despite the importance of culture for our species the social transmission mechanisms underlying this process are still not fully understood. In particular, the role of language—another unique human behaviour—in social transmission is under-explored. In this first direct, systematic comparison of demonstration vs. language-based social learning, we ran transmission chains of participants (6- to 8-year-old children and adults from Cyprus) who attempted to extract a reward from a puzzle box after either watching a model demonstrate an action sequence or after listening to verbal instructions describing the action sequence. The initial seeded sequences included causally relevant and irrelevant actions allowing us to measure transmission fidelity and the accumulation of beneficial modifications through the lens of a subtractive ratchet effect. Overall, we found that, compared to demonstration, verbal instruction specifically enhanced the faithful transmission of causally irrelevant actions (overimitation) in children, but not in adults. Cumulative cultural evolution requires the faithful transmission of sophisticated, complex behaviour whose function may not be obvious. This indicates that, by supporting the retention of actions that appear to lack a causal function specifically by children, language may play a supportive role in cumulative cultural evolution.

The Mythic Multiverse Through the Scope of Language: The “Procedural Anatomy” of Verbal Modelling

The Mythic Multiverse Through the Scope of Language: The “Procedural Anatomy” of Verbal ModellingThis article discusses the logical and cognitive premises of verbal world modelling and focuses on the phenomena of irrationally triggered categorization and myth-oriented semiosis as the fundamental mechanisms of construing alternative realities. The paper demonstrates the reconstruction of interpretative mythic axioms via the etymological analysis of the designations of WORLD in different Indo-European languages. The paper proposes a formal model of a possible world created on the basis of mythic concepts, in addition to a multi-vectored algorithm for the configuration of a possible world. The article also proposes a typology of possible worlds which constitute a “multiverse". The paper focuses on the patterns of logical operations and cognitive procedures responsible for secondary designation as “sense-creating" and “world-creating" acts. These patterns correspond to the functioning and interaction of open systems, while the sequence of operational steps follows the logic of assembling a functional construal. Mityczne multiwersum w świetle języka. "Anatomia proceduralna" modelowania werbalnegoAutor omawia logiczne i kognitywne przesłanki werbalnego modelowania świata i koncentruje się na zjawiskach irracjonalnie uruchamianej kategoryzacji, zorientowanej na mit semiozy jako podstawowego mechanizmu konstruowania alternatywnych rzeczywistości. Przedstawia rekonstrukcję interpretacyjnych aksjomatów mitycznych poprzez etymologiczną analizę desygnatów ŚWIATA w różnych językach indoeuropejskich. Proponuje formalny model świata możliwego stworzony na bazie pojęć mitycznych, a także wielowariantowy algorytm konfiguracji świata możliwego. Proponuje również typologię światów możliwych, które tworzą "multiwersum". Autor koncentruje się na wzorcach operacji logicznych i procedur poznawczych odpowiedzialnych za wtórne określanie aktów "sensotwórczych" i "światotwórczych". Te wzorce odpowiadają funkcjonowaniu i interakcji systemów otwartych, a sekwencja kroków operacyjnych jest zgodna z logiką składania konstrukcji funkcjonalnej.

Academic Performance and Procrastination: The Case of Education Students in MSU-Sulu

This kind of attitude among the university students stems out of laziness and lack of prioritization in their academic endeavor. Research says that 95% of American students purposely delay beginning or completing tasks and 70% engaged in academic procrastination. It is not impossible that Filipinos are actually expert in procrastination. In other words, procrastination largely accounts for the relationship of conscientiousness to performance, and that procrastination is strongly associated with distractibility, poor organization, low achievement motivation, and an intention-action gap. If one is not conscientious in his performance he will likely engage in procrastination. Additionally, agreeableness and sensation seeking traits generated low correlations with procrastination. One possible way to decrease procrastination for tasks is to increase expectancy of success, or self- efficacy by verbal persuasion, emotional arousal, and modeling. Despite of the advances in the education nowadays, and the challenging tasks that students faced day by day to cope up with the requirements of their respective courses, they are still in the realm of seemingly taking their studies for granted that as if it’s easy or simply put, procrastinating! In connection, it sought to answer this question: Is there a relationship between procrastination to the academic performance in GEC 104 (Mathematics in the Modern World) of the 2nd year students of the College of Education at Mindanao State University-Sulu?

When one suffers less, all suffer less: Individual pain ratings are more effective than group ratings in producing placebo hypoalgesia.

BackgroundPlacebo hypoalgesia can be induced by observing a person (model) whose pain relief is the result of the use of an inert substance or procedure. This study examined whether verbal modelling, that is, showing pain ratings provided by other people, is sufficient to induce placebo hypoalgesia.MethodsParticipants from the experimental groups were acquainted with pain ratings (presented on VASs) derived from a single person (groups 1 and 3) or a group of people (groups 2 and 4) that were allegedly subjected to the same painful procedure. The ratings of pain stimuli that were allegedly applied with placebo were lower than the ratings of stimuli applied without placebo. In two of the experimental groups (group 3 and 4), participants also watched a video recording showing individuals who allegedly provided pain ratings; however, they did not observe them undergoing pain stimulation. The control group did not undergo any manipulation. Then, the participants received a series of the same thermal pain stimuli that were applied either with or without placebo and rated their intensity.ResultsPlacebo hypoalgesia was induced only in participants presented with pain ratings provided by a single person, regardless of whether this person was previously seen. However, the pain ratings presented to the participants generally decreased individual pain sensations, regardless of whether they came from a group of people or a single person.ConclusionsVerbal modelling can produce placebo hypoalgesia and reduce pain sensations. It may be effectively used in clinical practice to modify patients' responses to pain treatment.SignificanceThis study shows that knowledge about pain ratings provided by another person is sufficient to induce placebo hypoalgesia; thus, neither direct nor indirect observation of a person experiencing pain is necessary to induce this effect. Pain ratings derived from a group of people can decrease pain sensations but they do not produce placebo hypoalgesia.

Examining correlates of feeding practices among parents of preschoolers.

Background: Parent feeding practices play a critical role in children's eating behaviors. Limited research has explored child-level correlates of parent feeding practices. Aim: To identify correlates of feeding practices (responsive and controlling) among parents of preschoolers US. Methods: Participants included parents (n = 273) of preschoolers (3-5 years), recruited from Early Care and Education settings (n = 24) located in a metropolitan city in the US. Analysis included descriptives, correlations, and multiple regression. Results: For responsive feeding practices, positive associations included child's weight with unintentional modeling (β = .17, 95% CI [0.12, 0.53]), child vegetable consumption with behavioral role modeling (β = 0.22, 95% CI [0.17, 0.44]), and parent monitoring with verbal modeling (β = 0.21, 95% CI [0.12, 0.34]). For controlling feeding practices, parent restriction was positively associated with child weight concern (β = 0.22, 95% CI [0.13, 0.39]) and parent monitoring (β = 0.13, 95% CI [0.01, 0.19]), whereas child vegetable consumption was negatively associated (β = -0.16, 95% CI [-0.27, -0.05]). Pressure to eat was negatively associated with child weight concern (β = -0.18, 95% CI [-0.45, -0.09]), child fruit consumption (β = -0.12, 95% CI [-0.37, -0.01]), household income (β = -0.13, 95% CI [-0.30, -0.02]), and parent weight (β = -0.14, 95% CI [-0.60, -0.05]), Conclusions: Findings highlight the importance of child characteristics when examining correlates of parent feeding practices, demonstrating bidirectional interactions between parent feeding practices and children's eating behaviors. Considering child-level correlates may improve the implementation of responsive feeding practices and reduce controlling feeding practices.

Environmental Attitudes and Recycling Behaviour in Primary School Age: The Role of School and Parents

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between environmental attitudes and recycling behaviour in primary school age, and to evaluate the role that school and parents play in the prediction of children’s attitudes and behaviour. Primary school pupils aged 8–11 years (n = 116), their parents and their class teachers participated in the study. During the structured face-to-face interviews, children answered questions about their recycling behaviour and environmental attitudes (i.e. eco-affinity and eco-awareness). Parents provided answers on their recycling behaviour, verbal modelling of the behaviour, incentives used when a child recycles waste, and environmental attitudes, while class teachers provided information about the recycling in children’s school. Structural equation models were tested with a purpose to evaluate the role of different independent variables, i.e. only school, only parental factors, or both, when predicting child recycling behaviour. Results of the study showed that children’s environmental attitudes had no significant links to their recycling behaviour. The only factor that appeared to be significant in the prediction of child behaviour was parental recycling behaviour. Furthermore, recycling in schools predicted pupils’ eco-awareness. Based on the study findings, it would be worthwhile to promote more practical training of pro-environmental behaviour, and to strengthen children’s eco-affinity.

Teaching water safety skills to children with autism spectrum disorder

AbstractPublic health data suggest that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at a disproportionate risk of water‐related accidents, including drowning. The current study evaluated the effectiveness of a behavioral intervention package consisting of verbal instructions, modeling, physical guidance, feedback, and differential reinforcement to teach three distinct in‐water safety skills to three boys with ASD. The targeted skills were (a) moving toward a fixed point of safety, (b) rolling from front to back, and (c) floating on back and yelling for help. Results showed that all three participants acquired the skills. For two participants, one or two of the skills had to be broken down into subcomponents for acquisition to occur. Two participants required additional intervention components to manage mild challenging behavior in the pool. Maintenance probes revealed that the skills maintained 1 week and 1 month after teaching. The findings are discussed in the context of a broader approach to accident prevention.

Региональные экономические исследования: место и роль в межрегиональном и межгосударственном сотрудничестве

The article studies the role of regional science and the opportunity of using its tools in spatial social and economic research. The relevance of the topic is explained by the priority influence of geographical location, natural and climatic conditions on the organization of various types of economic life of public law entities. The aim of the study is to find acceptable solutions for intra-, interregional and interstate interaction by all participants in economic relations. Causal relationships in the phenomena and processes under analysis are revealed, general scientific and applied approaches are used: dialectics, analysis and synthesis, comparison, logic and abstraction, induction and deduction, verbal modeling, expert assessments. The relationship between the type and economic situation of administrative and territorial entities, the development of theoretical and methodological foundations of regional science and the use of its tools in economic practice is substantiated. On the basis of the analysis of official information, the emerging contradictions and unifying tendencies in the functioning of regions of different ranks are studied. The conclusion about the desire of constituent entities of federation to expand economic interaction, and the wish of a number of post-soviet countries for the integration of economic relations was made. On the basis of the results of the study, the available set of regional scientific tools, the effectiveness of regulatory measures taken by government authorities is shown. The interstate projects which are currently being implemented and planned for implementation in the nearest future are assessed. The authors make suggestions on the technology for selecting effective economic specialization of regions and embedding their production and infrastructure complexes into the integration processes on the territory of the EAEU. An assessment of the potential for unification processes in Eurasia is made. The presented results can be applied when choosing a problematics for further research and substantiating tactical recommendations that are acceptable for scientific and applied purposes.

Acute Effect Between Verbal Instruction and Video Modelling on Underhand Volleyball Serve Among Novice Volleyball Players

Acute Effect Between Verbal Instruction and Video Modelling on Underhand Volleyball Serve Among Novice Volleyball Players