Verbal Messages Research Articles

Neurocognitive Evidence for Different Problem-Solving Processes between Engineering and Liberal Arts Students

Differences exist between engineering and liberal arts students because of their educational backgrounds. Therefore, they solve problems differently. This study examined the brain activation of these two groups of students when they responded to 12 questions of verbal, numerical, or spatial intelligence. A total of 25 engineering and 25 liberal arts students in Taiwan participated in the experiment. The results were as follows. (i) During verbal intelligence tasks, differences between the two groups were observed in the information flows of verbal message comprehension and contextual familiarity detection in the problem-identifying phase, whereas no significant differences were found in the resolution-reaching phase. (ii) During numerical intelligence tasks, differences between the two groups were observed in the information flows of mental calculation and message comprehensionin the problem-identifying phase and those of verbal perception and analogical reasoning in the resolution-reaching phase. (iii) During spatial intelligence tasks, differences between the two groups were observed in the information flows of spatial relation integration and spatial context memory retrieval in the problem-identifying phase and those ofspatial attentionand contextual relation integration in the resolution-reaching phase.

Promotional Messages on Social Media Marketing for Natural Seeds Jewelry

This study aims to examine the promotional messages in social media marketing for natural Seeds jewelry. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods and data is collected through interviews, observation, documents, and literature review. The object of this study is Bumi Putih Spiritual Jewelry, a brand of handmade jewelry products from natural seeds created by Anthony Imanuel Alexander Sutrisno. Data analysis in this research uses Miles and Huberman’s interactive method. The results show that Bumi Putih uses Instagram, Facebook and Twitter integrated for marketing the natural seeds jewelry. Promotional messages conveyed on the three platforms of social media are a combination of verbal and nonverbal messages in the form of text and symbols to influence the audiences’ cognitive, affective, and conative. By using social media, Bumi Putih not only marketing the products but also persuade netizens to respect nature and maintain its sustainability to create a harmonious relationship between human and the environment

Attachment Styles and Communication of Displeasing Truths.

This work explores how humans manage the communication of a displeasing and face-threatening truth and how the communicative strategies of the sender and the reaction of the receiver are influenced by their attachment style. Two experimental studies demonstrate that the attachment styles of both senders and receivers can influence the communicative styles of the sender, the emotions that both senders and receivers feel or attribute to their interlocutor, and the reactions of the receivers. In Study 1, couples of participants played a bogus computer game, ostensibly to test their abilities. Subsequently, “the spokesperson” was given the task to communicate to the “the receiver” a bogus low score of the other and a high score of oneself. Finally, all participants completed an adult Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ). A content analysis of the verbal messages of the spokespersons showed two main communication styles: frankness and mitigation. The results suggest that the spokespersons’ attachment style influences these communication styles. Using a similar procedure, Study 2 showed that spokespersons with a high avoidant attachment more frequently used frankness when communicating low scores to the receivers. Furthermore, the emotions and impressions reported by anxious and avoidant spokespersons and receivers, respectively, confirm the negative model of the self or the other, typical, respectively, in anxious and avoidant attachment. The detection of communicative strategies stemming from different attachment styles might be of use in user modeling and the planning of personalized systems.

Internalisasi Nilai Islam di era Post-truth: Instagram dr@zaidulakbar sebagai Media Literasi Informasi Kesehatan

Author explains Instagram account about Islamic and health information. In the current post-truth era, when a variety of health information that is spread is not necessarily true, it can be justified or assumed to be true, the account of dr@zaidulakbar is present to counter the issue of health hoaxes. The author wants to know the process of internalizing Islamic values in the post-truth era through the account of dr@zaidulakbar as a media for literacy in health information. How not, as a doctor, his name became a credible source by carrying the mission of his mission in spreading health information to the public. The Instagram account has 2.1 million followers with a tagline that "goes back to the health of the al-Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad and His world". The author examines this research using virtual ethnographic methods, and data collection techniques such as observation, interviews, and literature studies. The results showed that 1) the process of internalizing Islamic values begins with verbal messages in the form of various health information based on the al-Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Apostles uploaded by ZA in his account and non-verbal messages carried by the account of dr@zaidulakbar; 2) dr@zaidulakbar's account is a solutive media in the process of internalizing Islamic values for millennial generation in the post-truth era; 3) dr@zaidulakbar's account responds to the challenges of the post-truth era as a medium for literacy in health information in minimizing health hoaxes.

Mood Effects on Humor Production: Positive Mood Improves the Verbal Ability to Be Funny

Can mood influence people’s ability to produce humorous verbal messages? Based on recent theories linking affect to social cognition and information-processing strategies, this experiment predicted and found that positive mood increased people’s ability to generate more creative, humorous, and elaborate verbal contents. Participants viewed positive, neutral, or negative videos, then produced verbal captions to fit four different cartoon images. Their messages were rated for creativity, humor, and elaboration by two trained raters, and the processing latency to produce each message was also recorded. Results showed that positive mood resulted in more creative and humorous messages, and that this effect was significantly mediated by mood-induced differences in information-processing strategies. The results are interpreted as supporting recent theories linking affect to cognition, and the theoretical and practical implications of the findings for everyday verbal communication are considered.

Advisor Interaction Goals and Verbal Messages: Merging a Multiple Goals Approach and the Integrated Model of Advice Giving

Based on the integrated model of advice giving and theorizing about interaction goals, we examined how advisors’ goal intensity and complexity predicted perceptions of advisor harmfulness and helpfulness. We also examined predictors of goal intensity and complexity, such as advisors’ relational satisfaction with recipients, which generally increased goal intensity and complexity. Recipients and advisors rated advisors’ behaviors as more helpful when advisors reported greater intensity of the problem-solving goal but not the other three goals (emotional support, eliciting disclosure, and facilitating reappraisal). However, recipients and advisors rated advisors’ behaviors as more harmful when advisors had low versus moderate or high goal complexity. Qualitative analyses of conversation transcripts revealed patterns of interaction behavior associated with goal intensity and complexity. We discuss how goal intensity and complexity may relate to advisors’ messages and interaction patterns during the conversation, and therefore recipient and advisor perceptions of advisors’ helpfulness and harmfulness.

Persuasive Verbal Messages used by Leading International Figures

현대 사회는 커뮤니케이션을 잘 하는 사람이 인정받는 시대다. 커뮤니케이션 능력에 대한 관심이 높아지면서 이를 구성하는 메시지 구현 방법, 즉 언어적 커뮤니케이션과 비언어적 커뮤니케이션을 어떻게 하느냐가 그 성패를 좌우한다. 실증적인 연구를 위해 오바마 대통령의 연설문 3개와 American Rhetoric.com’에서 1,2위를 차지한 마틴 루터 킹의 ‘I have a dream’과 케네디 대통령의 취임사를 선택해 과연 이들의 스피치는 스피치 실행에 어떤 두드러진 특징이 있으며, 또한 설득력 있는 스피치의 대표적 연사 세 사람 사이에서도 언어적 메시지 구현 방법이 구체적으로 어떻게 나타나는 지 살펴보는 것에 본 연구의 목적이 있다. 연구 방법은 내용 분석을 통해 오바마와 마틴 루터킹, 케네디의 동영상 연설사례를 비교 분석하였다. 언어적 메시지 구현 방식은 음성적 측면과 내용적 측면을 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과는 첫째, 오바마와 킹 목사, 케네디의 스피치를 통해 본 언어적 메시지의 내용적 공통점은 모두 청중에게 희망과 용기를 심어주는 메시지를 담고 있다. 문장 구조와 워딩 역시 반복법과 대구법 등의 효과적인 수사법을 사용해 효율적이고 설득적 스피치를 실행했다. 언어적 메시지 중 유사언어를 실행함에 있어 가장 큰 차이점은 속도와 포즈에서 찾아볼 수 있었다. 이런 스피치의 언어 메시지 구현 방법에 관한 연구는 분명 학문적, 실무적 함의를 도출했다는 데 본 연구의 의의가 있다.

Teacher’s Nonverbal Communication in Teaching Learning Process at SMP Negeri 2 Robatal Sampang Madura

The teacher is not only used verbal communication but also used nonverbalcommunication, this study aims to investigate the teacher use nonverbalcommunication in teaching learning process and the teachers’ nonverbalcommunication effect on the classroom atmosphere at SMP Negeri 2 RobatalSampang Madura. The subject of the study is the teacher and the students. Theinstruments used to get the data were observation, interview and documentation.Observation was applied in order to know the use nonverbal communication inteaching learning process at SMP Negeri 2 Robatal Sampang and activity in theclassroom. Interviews were conducted to know the effect of nonverbalcommunication in teaching learning process at SMP Negeri 2 Robatal Sampang.The result of the shows that teachers’ nonverbal used in teaching learning processare hands, space and distance, touching and chronemics. Hands is nonverbal themost used by the teacher in teaching learning process, the manner of the usedhands in teaching learning process , he ups his hands to ask students to comeforward. Space and distance is the second nonverbal that’s more often thantouching in teaching learning process after hands. It used the teacher to explainhis material in the used space and distance the teacher stands up in front of astudents to explains his material, touching is nonverbal used the teacher inteaching learning process, touching used the teacher to communication with astudent’s while the teacher asks a students to come forward if the students didn’twant to come forward the teacher stand up beside a students and be touches theirbody. Chronemics was rarely used by the teacher in the classroom, chonemicsused the teacher while he gives task to the students he gives limed the time to thestudents to prepare the material that would be presentation. Beside that the effectof nonverbal communication used were helping students understanding andaccompanying to verbal message. Helping students understanding more easily toa students to receive the material that’s explains by the teacher. Accompanying toverbal message is a student’s more easily understand to get the point of teachers’explanation in teaching learning process.

Two hands and a tale: When gestures benefit adult narrative comprehension

It is well established that observing and producing gesture by a learner can enhance comprehension of verbal messages, including narratives. What is less well understood, however, is under which conditions gestures benefit comprehension most. This study examined the role of gesture observation and production in adult narrative comprehension, through investigating whether gesture production moderates the effect of gesture observation. Crucially, observing typical gestures, but not atypical gestures, significantly benefited narrative comprehension. Furthermore, no significant benefit of producing gestures was found, and there was no evidence that gesture production moderated the differential effects of observing typical and atypical gestures on narrative comprehension. Overall, the current study not only provides evidence that iconic gestures can benefit adult narrative comprehension, but also highlights under which conditions gestures are likely to be of benefit.

How Communicating Features can Help Pedestrian Safety in the Presence of Self-Driving Vehicles: Virtual Reality Experiment

Virtual reality (VR) has proven to be a useful tool for conducting human factors research in interface design. With the development and promotion of autonomous vehicle (AV) technology, researchers are focusing on designing different types of interfaces to induce trust in road users toward this new technology. In this article, VR is used to investigate pedestrians’ understanding of proposed designs for external features on AVs. We are also interested in investigating how the presence of an operator inside the vehicle influences pedestrians’ preference for features. VR headset tracking, survey-based responses, and video-recorded body movements are used to collect data on pedestrian responses to three operator statuses and seven feature types. Pedestrians prefer both “walk” in text and verbal message saying safe to cross as clear and comforting features on an AV. They perceive the distracted operator condition as to be an inconvenient situation even for the AV equipped with visual or audible features. Older people find the features more helpful and people with higher innovativeness rate the feature ideas with higher ratings.

Performing populism: Trump’s transgressive debate style and the dynamics of Twitter response

Populism, as many have observed, is a communication phenomenon as much as a coherent ideology whose mass appeal stems from the fiery articulation of core positions, notably hostility toward “others,” bias against elites in favor of “the people,” and the transgressive delivery of those messages. Yet much of what we know about populist communication is based on analysis of candidate pronouncements, the verbal message conveyed at political events and over social media, rather than transgressive performances—the visual and tonal markers of outrage—that give populism its distinctive flair. The present study addresses this gap in the literature by using detailed verbal, tonal, and nonverbal coding of the first US presidential debate of 2016 between Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton to show how Trump’s transgressive style—his violation of normative boundaries, particularly those related to protocol and politeness, and open displays of frustration and anger—can be operationalized from a communication standpoint and used in statistical modeling to predict the volume of Twitter response to both candidates during the debate. Our findings support the view that Trump’s norm-violating transgressive style, a type of political performance, resonated with viewers significantly more than Clinton’s more controlled approach and garnered Trump substantial second-screen attention.

Perspectives of Nurses and Doulas on the Use of Information and Communication Technology in Intercultural Pediatric Care: Qualitative Pilot Study

BackgroundSweden is rapidly becoming an increasingly multicultural and digitalized society. Encounters between pediatric nurses and migrant mothers, who are often primary caregivers, are impeded by language problems and cultural differences. To support mothers, doulas, who are women having the same linguistic and cultural backgrounds, serve as cultural bridges in interactions with health care professionals. In addition, information and communication technology (ICT) can potentially be used to manage interactions owing to its accessibility.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the role of ICT in managing communicative challenges related to language problems and cultural differences in encounters with migrant mothers from the perspectives of Swedish pediatric nurses and doulas.MethodsDeep semistructured interviews with five pediatric nurses and four doulas from a migrant-dense urban area in western Sweden were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic content analysis.ResultsThe results showed that ICT contributes to mitigating communicative challenges in interactions by providing opportunities for nurses and migrant mothers to receive distance interpreting via telephones and to themselves interpret using language translation apps. Using images and films from the internet is especially beneficial while discussing complex and culturally sensitive issues to complement or substitute verbal messages. These findings suggest that ICT helps enable migrant mothers to play a more active role in interactions with health care professionals. This has important implications for their involvement in other areas, such as child care, language learning, and integration in Sweden.ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that ICT can be a bridging tool between health care professionals and migrants. The advantages and disadvantages of translation tools should be discussed to ensure that quality communication occurs in health care interactions and that health information is accessible. This study also suggests the development of targeted multimodal digital support, including pictorial and video resources, for pediatric care services.

Patient-Centered Communication in the Era of National Health Insurance at Surakarta City, Indonesia

This study discusses patient-centered communication in the era of national health insurance. The next study aims to determine the supporting factors, inhibiting factors, and the doctor's communication process that is patient-centered in the JKN system in the city of Surakarta , Indonesia. This study uses a case study method with qualitative analysis that emphasizes certain cases that occur in the object of analysis. This method uses descriptive analysis with an inductive approach in analyzing data. The research subjects were BPJS primary health facilities, located in Surakarta City. The results showed that there was a patient-centered communication process in building good and effective relationships between primary health facility physicians and patients. Patient-centered communication has a very important role, as stated by Debra Roter and Judith Hall who have described a patient-centered communication model that includes four key elements and is supported by a focus on remote communication. High context communication that emphasizes the main focus on implicit, unspoken, and nonverbal messages is not explicit and verbal messages, as written in the Handbook of health communication, that the quality of interaction between patients and providers is very important for health outcomes in patients. The interaction between the service provider in the patient and the outcome of the patient determines the step of selecting the patient in the next primary health facility. At the end of the achievement, it will further determine the success of patient-centered communication, so that the relationships that occur will influence the outcome of the primary goal of primary health care services to the health of patients. Keywords: patient-centered communication, national health insurance .

On the “Realities” of Investor‐Manager Interactivity: Baudrillard, Hyperreality, and Management Q&A Sessions

ABSTRACTThis paper draws on extensive fieldwork to explore the nature, scope, and implications of management preparations for the question and answer session (Q&A) that occurs during a firm's results presentation. Prior literature has associated the value of this encounter with investor‐manager interactivity. As such, it is assumed that there are high levels of managerial authorship, ownership, and spontaneity as executives face questions from analysts. Following on, it is generally assumed that this translates into an increased risk of unintended disclosure, through verbal and nonverbal messaging. However, our data indicate that management engages in vast preparatory work to mitigate the risks associated with real (“original,” natural, spontaneous, un‐staged) interactivity. Instead, the Q&A is carefully planned, organized, scripted, and rehearsed. As such, the event is transformed into a hyperreal encounter in the Baudrillardian sense. Despite this, the value of the Q&A is not necessarily impaired. Instead, these managerial backstage preparations arguably make the encounter realer than real. We suggest that the Q&A that we observe (the “copy”) is more useful than the original might have been. Our work provides evidence and discussion of two interconnected paradoxes: perfection and self‐reference. This study not only raises important questions, challenges, and opportunities for researchers interested in the study of investor‐manager interactions but also speaks to those with an interest in workplace meetings and Q&A more broadly.

Multimodal Pedagogies in Teaching English for Specific Purposes in Higher Education: Perceptions, Challenges and Strategies

The rapid growth and renovation from print-based to multimodal information has still not received sufficient attention from the field of English for Specific Purposes (ESP). In fact, a multimodal pedagogy is a new evolving educational concept and practice. It is regarded as a source of creativity and modernity for both teachers and students. It actually refers to the paradigm revolutions in teaching based on what could be useful, effective and relevant to students’ needs and interests and its development will ground the principles of student-centered approach. In essence, multimodal pedagogies work across the linguistic and visual modes to fulfill the purposes of the text and the context in order to appropriately organize, develop information and ideas, and convey meaning. The present paper advocates the need to reconsider ESP through multimodal practice to ensure new opportunities of interactive learner engagement. This means that language learners should learn how to exploit semiotic modes beyond the verbal message in order to effectively enhance their awareness and facilitate comprehension. In short, this paper will briefly define modes, the issues of how multimodal environments can affect ESP and how multimodal modes can have an impact on students’ motivation and teacher-student interaction.

PERANCANGAN PROMOSI RANDANG LOKAN CANI WIN DALAM MEDIA SOSIAL

Randang Lokan Cani Win is a business that operates in the field of food from the type of lokan, having its address in the area of Jorong Padang Halaban, Nagari Sasak, Sasak Ranah Pasisie District, West Pasaman Regency. Founded on August 14, 2017 until now.The selection of Rkan Loan Cani Win Promotion in Social Media as this final project aims to produce an effective and efficient promotional design in accordance with the advantages of social media promotion that is able to reach broad targets. In addition, with this promotion, it will later be able to show the Loan Cani Win Randang Randang so that it can optimize in knowing the Loan Cani Win Randang. SWOT is a method used in collecting data through observation, interviews, and documentation. Then proceed with the method of data analysis using SWOT analysis (strength, weakness, opportunities, threats). Then conclude the data analysis and take a creative approach (the main and supporting media). The design of the Randang Lokan Cani Win Promotion in Social Media the author displays verbal and visual messages for the audience who see this promotion.The design of this promotion is expected to create a good positioning. In addition, it is expected to be able to attract the attention of the target audience, especially people who come to the city of West Pasaman, considering that social media-based promotional media is a media that is very likely and has a great influence in increasing promotion coupled with supporting media such as T-shirts, Xbanner, Stickers, Packaging, Wall Clock,, Flag Chain and Name Cards.Keywords: Design, Randang Lokan Cani Win, Social Media.

A collaborative approach to developing sustainable behaviour change interventions for childhood obesity prevention: Development of the Choosing Healthy Eating for Infant Health (CHErIsH) intervention and implementation strategy.

There is growing recognition of the need for effective behaviour change interventions to prevent chronic diseases that are feasible and sustainable and can be implemented within routine health care systems. Focusing on implementation from the outset of intervention development, and incorporating multiple stakeholder perspectives to achieve this, is therefore essential. This study explores the development of the Choosing Healthy Eating for Infant Health (CHErIsH) childhood obesity prevention intervention and implementation strategy to improve infant feeding behaviours. Five qualitative and quantitative evidence syntheses, two primary qualitative studies, and formal/informal consultations were conducted with practice, policy, research, and parent stakeholders. The Behaviour Change Wheel was used to guide the integration of findings. The CHErIsH intervention targets parent-level behaviour change and comprises (1) brief verbal messages and (2) trustworthy resources, to be delivered by health care professionals (HCPs) during routine infant vaccination visits. The implementation strategy targets HCP-level behaviour change and comprises (1) a local opinion leader, (2) incentivized training, (3) HCP resources and educational materials, (4) electronic delivery prompts, (5) awareness-raising across all primary care HCPs, and (6) local technical support. This study provides a rigorous example of the development of an evidence-based intervention aimed at improving parental infant feeding behaviours, alongside an evidence-based behaviour change strategy to facilitate implementation and sustainability in primary care. This approach demonstrates how to systematically incorporate multiple stakeholder perspectives with existing literature and move from multiple evidence sources to clearly specified intervention components for both the intervention and implementation strategy. Statement of Contribution What is already known? Incorporating insights from practice, policy, and public/patient stakeholders plays a key role in developing behaviour change interventions that are feasible and sustainable and can be implemented within routine health care systems. However, there are limited examples that provide in-depth guidance of how to do this using a systematic approach. What this study adds? This study describes an innovative use of the Behaviour Change Wheel to integrate multiple sources of evidence collected from practice, policy, research, and parent stakeholders to concurrently develop an evidence-based intervention to improve parental infant feeding behaviours and an implementation strategy to facilitate sustainable delivery by health care professionals in routine primary care.

Influencias sociales en un modelo de insatisfacción corporal, preocupación por el peso y malestar corporal en mujeres mexicanas

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el grado explicativo de las variables “influencia de la publicidad”, “mensajes verbales”, “modelos sociales” y “situaciones sociales” frente a la insatisfacción corporal, la preocupación por el peso y el malestar corporal en una muestra seleccionada por conveniencia de 206 mujeres mexicanas con promedio de edad de 22.12 años (DT = 4.21). Específicamente, se utilizó un modelamiento de ecuaciones estructurales para identificar los efectos directos e indirectos de las variables independientes sobre las dependientes en tres modelos hipotéticos propuestos, y como resultados se encontró que el conjunto de variables tuvo un valor explicativo de 79 % para el modelo planteado para la insatisfacción corporal, con buenos indicadores de bondad de ajuste (χ2/gl = .877; GFI = .982; CFI = .978; AGFI = .980; SRMR = .068; RMSEA = .079); de 62 % para el modelo de preocupación por el peso, con una adecuada bondad de ajuste (χ2/gl = 1.556; GFI = .981; CFI = .975; AGFI = .978; SRMR = .068; RMSEA = .080); y de 72 % para el modelo de malestar corporal, con buenos valores de bondad de ajuste (χ2/gl = .173; GFI = .976; CFI = .969; AGFI = .972; SRMR = .062; RMSEA = .072). Se concluye que las influencias sociales tienen un impacto significativo en la imagen corporal y que los mensajes verbales presentan un mayor impacto en las variables estudiadas.

Instant messaging or face-to-face? How choice of communication medium affects team collaboration environments

Working on team projects is a common feature in higher education as a way to foster team learning and collaboration. For a team to work well towards achieving project objectives, it is important that there is effective team communication. Conventionally, face-to-face interactions allow students to interact with each other in multiple communication channels, simultaneously sending and receiving verbal and nonverbal messages in real time. Today, modern mobile technology offers students a variety of alternative digital communication media for collaboration. Unlike a full-channel communication medium such as the face-to-face interaction, a digital communication medium like instant messaging does not normally transmit nonverbal cues. As a result, to compensate for insufficient nonverbal cues, users of instant messaging services have to put more effort and time into understanding each other. If more effort and time is required to understand each other better, then why is it that today’s students prefer instant messaging to face-to-face interactions for collaborative project work? To answer this question, this study conducted a questionnaire survey to collect responses from university students who have been involved in team projects. This study analysed students’ copresence (a second-order formative construct consisting of two first-order constructs: self-copresence and partner-copresence) and its relationships with media satisfaction and communication effectiveness. It investigated whether these relationships differed between the students who used instant messaging and those who used face-to-face interactions. In addition, this study also examined whether media satisfaction played a mediating role between copresence and communication effectiveness. The findings of this study could help explain how different communication media can facilitate teamwork in collaborative learning environments.

Rear negativity: Verbal messages coming from behind are perceived as more negative

AbstractMany studies have explored the evaluative effects of vertical (up/down) or horizontal (left/right) spatial locations. However, little is known about the role of information that comes from the front and back. Basing our investigations on multiple theoretical considerations, we propose that spatial location of sounds is a cue for message valence, such that a message coming from behind is interpreted as more negative than a message presented in front of a listener. Here we show across a variety of manipulations and dependent measures that this effect occurs in the domain of social information. Our data are most compatible with theoretical accounts which propose that social information presented from behind is associated with uncertainty and lack of control, which is amplified in conditions of self‐relevance.