Idioms Research Articles

Moves and language expressions of conclusion section of thesis at postgraduate English education study program of Bengkulu University

The conclusion section is a compulsory chapter of a thesis and a dissertation. A good thesis or dissertation conclusion should tell the reader what work has been done and why the issue is being taken. The conclusion section of theses in the field of English language education is a form of a summary statement of the cases investigated. The summary is expressed with certain language expressions, indicating each of the 5-move of the section. The purpose of this research was to describe moves and language expressions of conclusion sections of theses written by the postgraduate English Language Study Program students of Bengkulu University. The study employed the descriptive quantitative method. The subjects of the research were 40 theses of postgraduate students of Bengkulu University which were selected purposively. The data of the conclusion moves were examined based on the five-move model proposed by Bunton (2005), and the language features were analysed based on Morley (2014). The results show that move 3 (Practical application/implications/recommendations embedded elsewhere) and move 4 (recommendations for future research embedded elsewhere) were used by 33 authors (88%) and 35 authors (77.5%) respectively. However, the move formats of the conclusion section were widely varied, nonconforming to Bunton’s model. The language expressions used in the majority of the conclusion sections have adhered to guidelines proposed by Morley (2014), but many authors tended to choose weaker language expressions to emphasize the points. This study concludes that five Move Models of the conclusion section proposed by Bunton (2014) have not been reflected markedly in most of the thesis conclusion sections written by the Postgraduate English Language Study Program students of Bengkulu University, although some moves have been written in suitable language expressions.

Comparative Analysis of Online Translators in the Machine Translation System

The article presents a comparative analysis of various online translators in the machine translation system. The author of the study focused on finding out the effectiveness and accuracy of the translation, identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the three most common online translators: Google Translate, DeepL and Microsoft Translator. The article begins with an overview of current trends in the field of machine translation and the need for online translations based on this context. The research methodology is selected in the article, in particular, the selection of individual online translators for comparison and the criteria for evaluating their work. The researcher analyzes the quality of translations for various types of texts, including common phrases, technical terms, complex sentences, etc. Attention is also paid to different language pairs and ensuring the availability of rarer languages in electronic translation. The article reveals such aspects as accuracy of translation, speed of work, recognition of context and idiomatic expressions, availability of additional functions and capabilities that ensure better translation quality. The author thoroughly highlights the strengths and weaknesses of each system, provides clear information about the use of integrations, available functions and additional capabilities of each translator. In the final part of the article, the author provides conclusions and recommendations regarding the use of online translators in the machine translation system. The research highlights that each electronic translator has its own advantages and limitations, and the choice depends on the specific needs of the user. In addition, the author emphasizes the need for constant updating and improvement of online translators to increase their accuracy and efficiency. This comparative analysis will help simplify the selection of the optimal translation software for users who require high-quality machine translation for their professional activities or everyday needs.

Refleksi Pengalaman Perempuan dalam Memoar Berteman dengan Kematian karya Sinta Ridwan

This research aims to reflect women's biological experience, women's language, women's psychology in the memoir Berteman dengan Kematian by Sinta Ridwan. This research uses the approach of Ginokritik Studies. The method used in this research is descriptive method with content analysis technique. The results of the data on the gynocritical analysis of the memoir Berteman dengan Kematian by Sinta Ridwan showed that there are three gynocritical models, namely: (1) women's biological experience, namely women's bodily experience, expressing all feelings, inner voices, women's desires, the appearance of the female body. (2) women's language expression, namely using their own style and language to model women's language, women's language can be seen from the aspects of conversation, intonation, and strategies in women's language (3) women's psychological experience, namely the experience and psychology of the author of all the emotions depicted in the work based on the author's psychological situation, female authors write stories with a background of suffering and madness as a form of expressing all the emotions that occur to women.

Overlapping hearing and communication profiles for the deletion and the RAI1 variant form of Smith-Magenis Syndrome (SMS)

Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS), a rare, genetically linked complex developmental disorder is associated with hearing loss and delays in speech-language development. Approximately 70 % of those with SMS have a genetic deletion within chromosome 17p11.2 and 10 % have a single gene mutation in the same area, known as the RAI1 variant form of SMS. Previous studies presented preliminary comparisons of the phenotype of those with deletion versus the mutation form of SMS, but none focused on hearing, speech-language, and communication profiles. The current study examined patient registry data and compared two groups of individuals with SMS to determine if genetic differences influence the communication phenotype and to determine the importance of the RAI1 gene in hearing, speech, and language abilities in children. Speech-language and hearing data from the international SMS Patient Registry for 33 subjects with SMS were analyzed: 23 with a genetic deletion (SMS (del)) and 10 with an RAI1 mutation (SMS (RAI1)). Hearing status, otopathology findings, early speech-language milestones, mode of communication, intelligibility, vocal quality, language abilities, and literacy skills were analyzed. There were small differences between the groups for hearing status, otopathological findings, mode of communication, voice quality, intelligibility, speech-language abilities, and literacy. Overlap in the speech-language phenotype between groups confirms previous hypotheses that suggest haploinsufficiency of the RAI1 gene is responsible for the SMS phenotype and that the RAI1 gene is critical for speech-language development. Future studies should include direct testing of receptive and expressive language abilities, including analyses of language samples, with larger groups of individuals to replicate and extend the current findings.

Idiomatykon w rodzinie słowników

This contribution presents the origin and formation of a special type of dictionary containing idiomatic expressions, i.e., the so-called idiomaticon, or a lexicographic record of idiomatic units. The article describes the place of the idiomaticon in the extended family of dictionaries and situates it in a broader lexicographical context.

Correlation between language and cognitive skills in Egyptian children with reading problems

BackgroundReading problems are the most prevalent type of specific learning disability. Reading problems usually result from phonological deficits; however, it is unclear how much other linguistic abilities are impacted as well.ObjectiveTo study different language parameters and cognitive skills in a group of Egyptian children with reading problems to better understand the difficulties that need to be considered in rehabilitation programs for those children.MethodsA case–control study was conducted on 30 children with reading problems having IQs above 85 and 30 normal control children matched for age and gender (their ages ranged from 7 to 9 years and 11 months). They underwent testing for dyslexia by the Arabic dyslexia assessment test, language evaluation using the Receptive Expressive Arabic Language Scale (REAL scale), and the Stanford-Binet intelligence scale, fifth edition.ResultsThere were highly significant correlations between the severity of dyslexia and total language scores, most of REAL scale subtests. Also, highly significant correlations were detected between the severity of dyslexia and the total IQ, verbal IQ, and verbal working memory subtests. The linear regression model revealed a highly significant association between dyslexia and expressive language scaled scores, total language scaled scores, and a significant association with expressive vocabulary and understanding oral instructions subtests of REAL scale. Additionally, a highly significant association has been detected between dyslexia and the verbal working memory subtest of the Stanford-Binet test. Correlations between total language scores and intellectual abilities (total IQ, verbal IQ, and non-verbal IQ) revealed highly significant positive results.ConclusionDeficits in both receptive and expressive language were observed in children with reading problems. Expressive vocabulary, listening comprehension, and verbal working memory subtests are the most affected language and cognitive skills.

The Development of Expressive Language of Autism Spectrum Disorder Students from Their Teachers' Perspective

Improving communication specially through expressive language is the main goal that students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) need to acquire. Students with ASD can face difficulties when communicating with others because they have poor expressive language. They could not even form a full sentence without being trained. This study aimed to investigate the development of expressive language of ASD students from their teachers’ perspective. The researcher used mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative). The tools were a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. The participants in this research were 30 male and female teachers from Yanbu and Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The results showed that the expressive language of ASD students was very poor before joining speech therapy sessions. Using methods like group playing and modelling had a positive effect on developing ASD student’s expressive language.

Early Vocal Development in Toddlers With Simultaneous Bilateral Cochlear Implants

Background and Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the vocal development in toddlers with simultaneous bilateral cochlear implants (bilateral CI group) and to compare their progress to that of chronological age-matched (CA group) and hearing agematched (HA group) toddlers who have normal hearing and typical development.Subjects and Method Thirteen toddlers who received bilateral CIs simultaneously before 18 months of age participated in this study. Twenty-six toddlers participated as the control groups (CA group and HA group). The spontaneous utterances were collected from each toddler during free play with their parents in the laboratory. A total of 2324 spontaneous utterances of 39 toddlers (13 toddlers in each of the three groups) were classified as either canonical vocalizations or noncanonical vocalizations.Results The bilateral CI group produced significantly fewer canonical vocalizations than the CA group. However, there was not a significant difference in the ratio of canonical vocalizations between the CI and the CA groups. There were no significant differences in the frequency and ratio of canonical vocalization between the CI and HA groups. In the CI group, the frequency of canonical and noncanonical vocalizations was significantly correlated with receptive and expressive language scores.Conclusion The findings of this study showed that toddlers with bilateral CIs make good advancements in vocal development compared to toddlers with normal hearing. However, toddlers with bilateral CIs seem to produce an insufficient quantity of canonical vocalizations compared to age-matched hearing toddlers. Information about vocal development following simultaneous bilateral CI helps speech therapists and parents recognize speech development before the use of intelligible speech in communication.

Conceptual Metaphor “MEDIA AS A TRAP” in Vietnamese and English online Newspapers

The study explores the conceptual metaphor of "MEDIA AS A TRAP" in Vietnamese and English, aiming to understand perceptions of media in these linguistic contexts. Using the theory of conceptual metaphor in cognitive linguistics, alongside descriptive and semantic analysis methods, the research establishes and analyzes the mapping from the source domain of "TRAP" to the target domain of "MEDIA." By examining metaphorical expressions in press texts, the study uncovers underlying cognitive models, including media as trickery and media as a scam. Survey data reveals similar frequencies of metaphorical expressions in both languages, with 110 instances in Vietnamese and 90 in English, indicating a shared understanding of the metaphor. The analysis highlights significant parallels and distinctions in the conceptual metaphor "MEDIA IS A TRAP" between Vietnamese and English, underscoring its universal cognitive and linguistic significance. Both languages employ similar conceptual metaphorical expressions, yet exhibit subtle differences reflecting distinct cultural perspectives.

Supporting Early Language by Supporting Systemic Solutions

A large body of research shows connections between infants’ and toddlers’ home language input and a wide range of receptive and expressive early language skills. Some facets of caretaker input and early language skills are associated with socioeconomic status (SES), though not all. Given the complexity of language learning, language use, and its many pathways of connection to SES, testing causal links between these dimensions is difficult at best. Interventions aimed at changing parent language use have seen mixed success, in part because “language infusions” generally fail to target underlying challenges facing underresourced families, and perhaps because parent language is the wrong target. System-level interventions such as paid parental leave and expansion and enrichment of childcare and early education options hold greater promise for improving families’ lives, with positive repercussions for a broad range of family and child outcomes, including linguistic ones.

Functions of idioms in English as lingua franca: An appraisal system account

AbstractIdiomatic expressions are not just neutral equivalents of their literal counterparts, but exert some sort of evaluative force. This study employed the appraisal system (AS) to explore the functions of idiomatic expressions and their variations in English as a lingua franca context, and to compare different academic domains in terms of use of evaluative language in the form of idiomatic expressions. To this end, the corpus of English as a lingua franca in academic settings and the Vienna–Oxford International Corpus of English were searched for idiom tokens through whole‐phrase and keyword search. The idioms and their variations were classified based on the AS. The findings indicated that social and behavioral scientific texts included higher proportions of evaluative idiomatic expressions whereas medical and natural scientific texts generated lower percentages of appraisal idioms. There was a stronger tendency in both corpora toward using idioms as appreciation as compared to judgment and affect. Given the employed methodology, the AS could not be applied to some idioms for their compositionality nature.

Dual mastering and labour exploitation: Life and work stories of Romanian women in home care in Italy from Romania

The study analyses the dual nature of mastering in the specific context of home care with reference to Romanian women employed in Italian families through life stories collected in Italy and Romania. This duality stems from the overlap between personal and work time in the home environment. The surveillance of Romanian domestic workers by the employers are combined with prejudices and sometimes sexual urges, expressed through verbal and non-verbal language, to define a coercive and segregating way of life and work, with consequences for workers in terms of exploitation, mental health and dependence on the employers' needs, even to the extent of defining specific workers'transnational relationships with the family of origin and its social network. The processes of dehumanisation and exploitation will be analysed by interviewing women who have worked in care of Romanian nationalities and who have lived or still live in Italy. The analysis of the concept of dor, a Romanian word meaning the longing for what one has left behind and the yearning for what one will no longer find, leads to the formulation of a hypothesis while considering Romanian women employed in Italy in the ethnicized labour market: their being considered as less ‘immigrant'. In other words, as European care givers' flows are not well controlled, it creates more favorable conditions for irregular work. This is a condition of masking or hiding persistent conditions of marginality and subordination.

Research of semantic aspects of the Kazakh language when translating into the Kazakh sign language

The article discusses the semantic aspects of Kazakh sign language and its characteristics. Semantics, a field within linguistics, focuses on examining the meanings conveyed by expressions and combinations of signs. The author delves into the inquiry of the degree of similarity between verbal and sign languages, highlighting their fundamental distinctions. The primary objective of the research is to scrutinize the characteristics of parts of speech in the Kazakh language when expressed gesturally, along with the principles governing the translation of verbs and adverbial tenses. The article explains in detail the formulas for translating the text into sign language, based on the subject-object-predicate. Examples are given that illustrate the subject-object relationship and determine who acts as the speaker, "object" or "subject" of the utterance. It is necessary to note that for successful translation it is necessary first to understand the meaning of the sentence. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of understanding both structural elements and contextual nuances in the fascinating world of the semantics of the Kazakh sign language. It inspires further research aimed at uncovering the complexities and exceptions that contribute to a deep understanding of linguistic nuances in this unique form of communication.

Demonstration of the VeriEQL Equivalence Checker for Complex SQL Queries

Equivalence checking for SQL queries has many real-world applications but typically requires supporting an expressive SQL language in order to be practical. We develop VeriEQL, a system that can prove and disprove equivalence of complex SQL queries. Specifically, given two SQL queries under a database schema, VeriEQL can verify whether these two queries always produce identical results on all possible input databases up to a bounded size that conform to the schema. This paper demonstrates VeriEQL in three scenarios, including validating the correctness of query optimizations, grading SQL queries on online coding platforms, and finding implementation bugs in database management systems.

Demonstration of DB-GPT: Next Generation Data Interaction System Empowered by Large Language Models

The recent breakthroughs in large language models (LLMs) are positioned to transition many areas of software. In this paper, we present DB-GPT, a revolutionary and product-ready Python library that integrates LLMs into traditional data interaction tasks to enhance user experience and accessibility. DB-GPT is designed to understand data interaction tasks described by natural language and provide context-aware responses powered by LLMs, making it an indispensable tool for users ranging from novice to expert. Its system design supports deployment across local, distributed, and cloud environments. Beyond handling basic data interaction tasks like Text-to-SQL with LLMs, it can handle complex tasks like generative data analysis through a Multi-Agents framework and the Agentic Workflow Expression Language (AWEL). The Service-oriented Multi-model Management Framework (SMMF) ensures data privacy and security, enabling users to employ DB-GPT with private LLMs. Additionally, DB-GPT offers a series of product-ready features designed to enable users to integrate DB-GPT within their product environments easily. The code of DB-GPT is available at Github.

“Reading the Heart”: Cosmology, Ethics, and Language of Chinese Divination as Therapeutic Resources

Through an ethnographic and comparative approach to counseling and psychotherapy, this article highlights the unique psychological mechanisms and cosmological perceptions involved in the practice of “reading the heart” ( du xinshu) in Chinese divination, particularly in the fortune-telling system based on bazi (one’s birth date and time). It reveals how diviners engage in a culturally specific dialogue that strategically influences clients’ cognitive, emotional, and moral experiences, how the professional ethics of divination can influence the ways in which practitioners guide customers, positively or negatively. Chinese divination, which emphasizes balance and a holistic worldview harmonizing society and nature, also compels diviners to pay great attention to reaching and touching customers’ hearts from an interpersonal perspective rather than resorting to mysterious supernatural forces. The focus of analysis is on the distinctive verbal skills and language performance of diviners, with a particular reference to a divination pedagogy manual that teaches communication skills to professional diviners. I argue that diviners’ language performance is intertwined with their effort to win the clients’ hearts and convictions in order to enhance their own authority and legitimacy. The distinctiveness of the Chinese indigenous approach provides a rich contrast to Western psychological practices. This analysis offers new insights on the therapeutic potential of divination as a culturally attuned method of counseling.

MUSICAL INTONATION IN THE LINGUISTIC AND SYMBOLIC CONTEXT: FROM SCIENTIFIC REFLECTIONS TO DEFINITIONS

The article examines various aspects of the relationship between verbal and musical languages, in particular, in the symbolic plane. The study traces the historical evolution of scientific knowledge about these cultural phenomena, and also marks the milestones in the development of musicological thought from the point of view of the synthesis of “word” and “music”.

Speech-language performance and comorbid disorders in children with perisylvian syndrome induced by viral encephalitis.

Viral encephalitis is one of the main causes of the perisylvian syndrome, which can cause damage to children's language-speech, feeding, and swallowing functions. Comprehensive assessment of language-speech and swallowing function and comorbidity research on these children will help children's rehabilitation workers to better understand the disease and strengthen the systematic management of comorbid disorders. To describe speech and language pathology and the occurrence of comorbid disorders in children with perisylvian syndrome induced by viral encephalitis. Twenty-two children with acquired perisylvian syndrome were recruited in this study. Language and speech functions, including oral motor function, swallowing function, language ability, and dysarthria were assessed in these patients. Craniocerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalogram examination, and intelligence evaluation were performed to determine brain lesions and comorbid disorders. All children exhibited different degrees of oral movement, dysphagia, and speech and language disorders. There was a significant difference between expressive and receptive language ability (P<0.05). There were 10, 8, and 12 children who had an intellectual disability, limb disability, and epilepsy, respectively. In addition to the damage of the peri-tegmental cortex found in MRI, thalamus lesions occurred in 19 cases and white matter involvement in six cases. Children with acquired perisylvian syndrome caused by viral encephalitis are characterized by persistent pseudobulbar dysfunction, speech and language impairment, and orofacial diplegia. They have a high probability of secondary epilepsy and are prone to motor and cognitive impairment, which need systematic management.

English Idiomatic Expressions in EFL Classroom through Movies: Challenges and Opportunities

English Idiomatic Expressions in EFL Classroom through Movies: Challenges and Opportunities

A Case Report on Infant Aural Rehabilitation Using Korean Auditory, Language, and Cognitive Rehabilitation for Infants

The purpose of this paper is to report the effectiveness and significance of aural rehabilitation using the Korean Auditory, language, and cognitive Rehabilitation for Infants (KARI) program. The KARI program was administered to an infant diagnosed with hearing loss at 9 months of age. A total of 45 KARI sessions were conducted for 13 months. Four developmental areas, auditory, language and social communication, overall and vocal and articulatory were evaluated at 10, 15, and 18 months of age for initial, progress, and final tests. After aural rehabilitation with KARI, in the area of auditory development, the infant showed normal range. In the area of language and social communication, the infant exhibited normal receptive language and non-verbal communication skills but showed significant delays in speech due to the diagnosed submucous cleft palate. In the area of overall developmental screening, Korean Developmental Screening Test for Infants &amp; Children scores were at peer level in cognition and social skills. However, gross motor, fine motor, language, and self-help skills were in the range of needing further testing. In the areas of vocalization and articulation, vocalization showed normal range, but articulation development showed delayed development. Although development of expressive language and articulation was delayed due to submucous cleft palate, the overall results showed good progression with KARI in other areas. Therefore, it is hoped that the KARI would be used to promote aural rehabilitation for the infants with hearing impaired.