Verbal Interaction Research Articles

How pervasive is joint attention? Mother-child dyads from a Wichi community reveal a different form of "togetherness".

Theories of early development have emphasized the power of caregivers as active agents in infant socialization and learning. However, there is variability, across communities, in the tendency of caregivers to engage with their infants directly. This raises the possibility that infants and children in some communities spend more time engaged in solitary activities than in dyadic or triadic interactions. Here, we focus on one such community (indigenous Wichi living in Argentina's Chaco Forest) to test this possibility. We examine naturally occurring attentional activity involving the mother and child among the Wichi and among Eurodescendant Spanish-speaking families living in Argentina. We engaged 16 families-8 Wichi and 8 Eurodescendant-in an observational study of interactions between caregivers and their 1- to 2-year-olds. A mixed-analytic approach revealed no differences between communities in the proportion of time infants spent alone, or in mother-child interaction. What does differ, however, is how mothers engage in these interactions: Wichi mothers spend a greater proportion of their time observing their infants than do Eurodescendant mothers. Moreover, when infants in both groups are alone, they focus their 'solitary' activities differently: Wichi infants engaged primarily in observation alone, whereas Eurodescendant infants were more focused on the object. Finally, all mother-child pairs engaged in dyadic and triadic (object-infant-caregiver) patterns of attention, but the triadic patterns differed considerably between cultures: Among Wichi, mothers actively "watched" infants as they engaged with objects, whereas Eurodescendant mothers actively engaged with their infants in joint attentional episodes. This work illustrates how attention and socialization, key mechanisms of early development, are culturally organized. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SwsOCLXubKQ. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Longitudinal, observational investigation of mother-infant interaction in two distinct Argentine cultural groups (Wichi and Eurodescendants) reveals both commonalities and clear community-based differences in interactions between mothers and their 1- to 2-year-olds. Wichi mother-infant dyads engaged primarily in visual observation of one another, but their Eurodescendant counterparts tended to engage in more verbal or physical interaction. We identify a new form of triadic interaction-lateral joint attention-among the Wichi dyads. This work underscores that attention and socialization, key mechanisms of early development, are culturally organized.

ICub3 avatar system: Enabling remote fully immersive embodiment of humanoid robots.

We present an avatar system designed to facilitate the embodiment of humanoid robots by human operators, validated through iCub3, a humanoid developed at the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia. More precisely, the paper makes two contributions: First, we present the humanoid iCub3 as a robotic avatar that integrates the latest significant improvements after about 15 years of development of the iCub series. Second, we present a versatile avatar system enabling humans to embody humanoid robots encompassing aspects such as locomotion, manipulation, voice, and facial expressions with comprehensive sensory feedback including visual, auditory, haptic, weight, and touch modalities. We validated the system by implementing several avatar architecture instances, each tailored to specific requirements. First, we evaluated the optimized architecture for verbal, nonverbal, and physical interactions with a remote recipient. This testing involved the operator in Genoa and the avatar in the Biennale di Venezia, Venice-about 290 kilometers away-thus allowing the operator to visit the Italian art exhibition remotely. Second, we evaluated the optimized architecture for recipient physical collaboration and public engagement on stage, live, at the We Make Future show, a prominent world digital innovation festival. In this instance, the operator was situated in Genoa while the avatar operated in Rimini-about 300 kilometers away-interacting with a recipient who entrusted the avatar with a payload to carry on stage before an audience of approximately 2000 spectators. Third, we present the architecture implemented by the iCub Team for the All Nippon Airways (ANA) Avatar XPrize competition.

Strategi Implementasi Program Smart Indonesia

This study investigates the implementation of the Smart Indonesia Program (PIP) at Buduran 1 State Vocational School in Sidoarjo Regency using a qualitative descriptive research method. Through interviews, observation, and documentation, data was collected from key informants, including the school principal, administrative staff, and program beneficiaries. The study reveals that PIP is effectively communicated through special events and verbal interactions with students. The school has provided sufficient facilities, such as computers and wifi, and benefits from supportive factors like parental involvement and collaboration between Guidance and Counseling teachers. However, challenges arise from communication gaps between funding agencies and schools, impacting data accuracy. The findings underscore the need for streamlined communication channels to optimize PIP implementation. Highlight : Effective Communication: The study emphasizes the importance of special events and verbal communication in disseminating information about the Smart Indonesia Program, ensuring awareness among students and stakeholders. Facility Provision: Buduran 1 State Vocational School's proactive approach in providing adequate facilities, including computers and wifi, contributes to the successful implementation of the Smart Indonesia Program. Communication Challenges: The research highlights the inhibiting factor of communication gaps between channeling agencies and schools, impacting fund collection and data accuracy, underscoring the need for improved communication channels. Keywords: Smart Indonesia Program, Vocational Education, Implementation Analysis, Communication, Facilities

MODEL OF TEACHING MALAY LANGUAGE TO NON-NATIVE AND FOREIGN SPEAKER

Purpose – This study aims to develop a teaching model of the Malay language for non-native and foreign speakers in schools. Implementing this model can assist educators in teaching the Malay language to students who do not use it as their first language in everyday use. Methodology – This study used a qualitative approach to develop teaching models for non-native and foreign Malay speakers. Interviews were conducted with 27 teachers and 23 stakeholders who are experts in teaching the Malay language, especially in teaching non-native speakers. A prototype model was developed thematically as a result of interviews using ATLAS.ti 22. Further, the prototype model was used by ten teachers from primary, secondary, and international schools in their teaching. Findings – This study has succeeded in developing a model for teaching the Malay language to non-native speakers and foreigners that includes five elements: teaching strategies, individual differences, input, social, and motivation. This model strongly emphasises instruction involving interaction, communication, and bilateral relations as a medium for students’ language acquisition and meaningful input. Verbal interaction between teachers and students can stimulate and improve students’ language skills in learning Malay. Significance – This model can help teachers teach the Malay language to non-native speakers and foreigners with a greater focus onachieving learning objectives. This model is expected to expand the usage, cultivate interest, and facilitate teaching the Malay language in educational institutions.

Words Matter

The academic library milieu is replete with verbal interactions that occur between library staff and patrons, as well as within the library staff cohort. Such communication impacts the quality and results of library support provided to students, faculty and community. It also affects workplace health and productivity. Consequently, among academic library staff, knowledge and awareness of effective language use is a crucial component of professional practice. This scoping review examines and analyzes the published literature for beneficial and detrimental verbatim exemplars of communication in the context of academic libraries. While the review found significant literature addressing categories of interpersonal communication in the academic library, few studies provide verbal exemplars. Given that such exemplars play an important role in understanding language categories, and in augmenting effective language use, this gap in the literature warrants further attention.

The Impact of Interaction Time and Verbal Engagement with Personal Voice Assistants on Alleviating Loneliness among Older Adults: An Exploratory Study.

Loneliness in older adults is a critical issue that negatively affects their well-being. The potential of personal voice assistant (PVA) devices like Amazon's Alexa Echo in reducing loneliness is an emerging area of interest, but it remains under-researched. this study aims to investigate the effect of interaction time and verbal engagement with PVA devices on reducing loneliness among older adults living alone. In this experiment, individuals aged 75 and older (n = 15), living alone, were provided with Amazon Alexa Echo devices. They were instructed to interact with the device at least five times a day for a duration of four weeks. The study measured participants' loneliness levels using the UCLA loneliness scale both before and after the study. Additionally, the interaction time and verbal engagement with the device were measured by the total time of use and the total number of intentional commands spoken to Alexa during the four-week period. The findings revealed that the total time spent interacting with Alexa was a significant predictor of loneliness reduction. A mediation analysis indicated an indirect effect, showing that the number of intentional commands spoken to Alexa contributed to loneliness reduction indirectly by increasing the total time spent with the device (verbal engagement → interaction time → loneliness reduction). This study suggests that the key to reducing loneliness among older adults through PVA devices is not just initiating verbal interaction, but the overall time devoted to these interactions. While speaking to Alexa is a starting point, it is the duration of engagement that primarily drives loneliness alleviation.

Expressive Speech Acts Used to Open and Close Dialogues in Present-Day Romanian

The following paper starts from the acknowledgment that, in the present-day Romanian language, interlocutors display an increased preference for the use of unconventional devices as opening and closing sequences of speech acts. Their employment depends on the type of context in which a verbal interaction takes place (formal vs informal context) and on the parameters of social distance and communicative force, which determine the relationship between the participants in a certain speech act. Conventional greetings are also taken into consideration in research, but the purpose of the paper is to prove that in addition to standard greetings, certain expressive speech acts, which “borrow” their functions, may be found. Some of the expressive speech acts that have been analyzed have positive connotations (e.g., compliments, praises, appreciations, condolences), as their formation is based on maintaining a harmonious relationship between interlocutors. Other expressive speech acts have negative connotations (e.g., insults, imprecations, reproaches, criticisms), since they are based on the destructive nature of the interpersonal relationships in which they originate. The paper analyzes such verbal sequences, which enclose dialogues, and highlights the functions that they develop in communication. To this end, concepts and precepts from the theory of speech acts are used, and the overall methodological framework pertains to pragmatics.

Жанрологія в національному мовознавстві: наукова школа Флорія Бацевича

The article summarizes the ideas of linguistic genreology in the context of the philological interpretation of the genre's nature. It is determined that the linguistic objectivity of its analysis is based on the ideas of communicative studies. In Ukrainian linguistics, they are systematically represented in the researches of the scientific school of F. Batsevych. The thesis is argued that his ideas that are related to the linguistic interpretation of the genre, its characteristics and communicative dominants, take into account, first of all, different forms and formats of intentions. The author's comment is given on their verbalization in dynamically changing variants as peculiar patterns of communicative situations, typed structure fixed by cultural tradition, as well as the fact that they acquire individual characteristics in the process of communication. It also defined that F. Batsevych emphasizes on the tactics of implementing of communicative strategies, which are interpreted as separate genres in micro-contexts. It is summarized that the research ideas of F. Batsevych in Ukrainian linguistics have developed into a consistent tradition, realized in the works of his colleagues. It allows us to talk about the formation and active functioning of an authoritative scientific school of linguistic genreology. It was determined that the concept of linguistic genreology, formed and systematically implemented by F. Batsevych in the author's texts and researches of his followers, generalizes the communicative dominants of the genre, which are based on extralinguistic parameters: social conditioning, typicality of the communicative situation, formal features, functionality, stability and variability. It is argued that F. Batsevych's linguistic ideas of genre analysis are meaningfully correlated with the objectivity of media genreology (in the context of functional parallelism with linguistic genreology). It was determined that its prospects lie in the implementation of methodological syncretism of the analysis of language in the dynamics of social communication and its functions in the media, in the emergence of invariant forms and methods of verbal mass interaction, in the motivated renewal of its stylistics and genre system. And this, in turn, determines the vectors that leadto the perspective of the ideas of neolinguistic research.

Genre differentiation of small-format texts in modern English

A number of objective conditions that have formed in the modern society are reflected in language as the tendency to reduce the volume of communicative units – texts – that are used in the process of communication. Currently, short textual formations are characteristic of all types of discourse, including those of interpersonal and institutional communication in the media, scientific, official and business environments, as well as in the context of creative writing. The relevance of studying small texts is explained by the need to identify specific ways by which the pragmatic potential of a limited number of linguistic means is most efficiently realized within a small construct, allowing the text to successfully fulfill its complex communicative goal in the process of verbal interaction. Specifics of discursive interaction of linguistic instruments within the framework of the textual structure are closely related to the genre parameters of a particular text variety, however at the moment researchers have not yet adopted a unified approach to systematizing genre variations of small texts. The purpose of this article is to work out a set of classification parameters for systemic arrangement of various small-format texts, which will potentially bring them to a single standard of description. As a result, a number of classification criteria for genre systematization are proposed including ontological, functional stylistic, quantitative, semiotic, formalization and environmental ones. Within the framework of each criterion, variants of genre implementations are singled out with the latter being supported with linguistic illustrations in the form of contemporary English small-format texts.

Research on the Design and Optimization of Multimedia Interactive Teaching Content in Civic and Political Education in Colleges and Universities

Abstract The reform and innovation of ideological education in colleges and universities is an important mission of every college and university, and the design and optimization of the interactive teaching content of ideological education in colleges and universities through combining with multimedia can well enhance the overall quality of the work of ideological education in colleges and universities. The purpose of this paper is to propose a synchronous classroom teaching environment that uses video interaction. The data is analyzed and recorded using the FISA system. Through the experiment, it is concluded that in the comparative analysis of teacher-student verbal interaction behavior, the performance of 2 teachers (B1 and B2) in the classroom teacher-student interaction structure is compared and analyzed, in which the ratio of teacher’s verbal behavior of B1 is 54.78%, and the ratio of teacher’s verbal of B2 is 68.55%, which is concluded that the teacher of B2 empowers the students to speak more so that the students can be better involved in Civic and Political Science classroom.

An Analysis of the Application of the Core Ideas of Functional Linguistics to English Teaching in Colleges and Universities

Abstract Traditional English teaching methods primarily involve the teacher explaining textual knowledge, often leading to inefficient use of classroom time. This study employs functional linguistics, visual grammar, discourse analysis, and interactive communication theories to analyze multimodal discourse in teacher-student interactions within college English classrooms. The study employs both quantitative and qualitative methods, using ELAN annotation software to manually annotate and analyze classroom teaching videos and lessons on a second-by-second basis across multiple modalities. The results indicate that modal distribution varies across different stages of English teaching, with verbal moderation prevailing and non-verbal moderation serving as a supplement. Verbal interactions show that teacher discourse constitutes 42% of total course time, 1.24 times more than student discourse. These findings offer data-driven insights for teachers to refine their strategies and boost interaction in college English classes.

Construction and Evaluation of an Intelligent Analysis System for Interactive Teaching in Physical Education Classrooms

Abstract With the continuous deepening and progress of the research in the physical education discipline, the school and the state put the landing point on the integration of information technology and the development of the discipline. In this paper, we design the system framework and perform data module design, on the basis of which we conduct detection research on teacher-student interaction behavior. The article employs an intelligent analysis system based on the YOLOv5 model to establish a model of teacher-student interaction behavior. This model is based on the movement and facial observations of both teachers and students in a physical education classroom. The intelligent analysis system, based on the YOLOv5 model and independent t-test, observed the behavior of teacher-student interaction based on the ratio of teacher-student verbal interaction and analyzed it accordingly. In teacher- and student-type speech, the ratio of teacher-direct influence speech is 45.62%, which is higher than indirect influence speech, while the ratio of student-passive speech is 5.54%, which is higher than student-active speech. Finally, the interactive intelligent system was evaluated for teaching and learning to understand students’ feedback on the intelligent analyzing system based on the YOLOv5 model from two parts: physical education test scores and students’ satisfaction surveys. In the physical education classroom, the teacher primarily uses their own words and interacts with the students less frequently. However, the system has the potential to significantly enhance students’ performance in Physical Education, with the majority of students reporting improvements in their PE skills and other areas. In terms of participation in the physical education classroom, 32 students thought that there was a “great improvement,” and 22 students thought that there was an “improvement,” for a total percentage of 98.18%, which is a significant effect.

Ad-hoc-compounds in spoken German

Abstract Occasionalisms, i.e., non-lexicalized ad-hoc-expressions that are coined for a specific occasion, are a recurrent phenomenon in verbal interactions. Even though recipients have not heard those novel word formations before, they can still understand them. This paper reports on a study from an Interactional Linguistics perspective which explores ad-hoc-expressions in spoken German, such as streichelmichbärchenpärchen (‘stroke-me-little-bear-couple’) and windeldroge (‘diaper-drug’). It draws on an analysis of 934 ad-hoc-compounds in a corpus of German interaction. These typically do not cause a problem of understanding, because their meaning is inferable due to different resources that help recipients understand unfamiliar expressions: a specific word formation with a high degree of compositionality, cues or anchoring in the prior context or common ground. While a compositional word formation is not always necessary to sufficiently understand meaning in interaction due to other resources, opaque word formation has its limits when it comes to understanding the meaning of an expression especially when recipients cannot rely on other resources to understand the expression.

Local Leadership Communications In the Tradition Of Ngaruwat Bumi In The Traditional Village Of Banceuy, Subang District

This research explains local leadership communication in the Ngaruwat Bumi tradition in Banceuy Village, Subang Regency. The description of the life of the Banceuy Village community as seen from local leadership based on social position and the social role of the actors in the Banceuy Traditional Village community is important in seeing the course of Ngaruwat Bumi rituals and traditions. This local leadership role is related to religion and belief which is centered on the Tatali Karuhun value system as a legacy of previous ancestral traditions. This ritual is a way of honoring the existence of Dewi Sri (Goddess of Rice) who has given blessings to the lives of the people of Banceuy Traditional Village by dancing and singing Dewi Sri. The problem of this research is the communication process in the Ngaruwat Bumi tradition in the Banceuy Traditional Village, the role and communication of traditional leaders as local leaders in the Ngaruwat Bumi tradition in the Banceuy Traditional Village. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a qualitative descriptive approach, through observation, literature study and interviews with traditional leaders of the Banceuy Indigenous village using purposive sampling techniques. The research results show that communication and the role of local leadership through the Ngaruwat Bumi ritual in Banceuy Subang Village is a local tradition that emphasizes the importance of ritual in fostering dialogue between humans and nature. This involves various aspects, including verbal, symbolic and social interactions, which aim to maintain and strengthen cultural identity and community values. These rituals also function as mediators of conflict between local residents and external authorities, increasing cultural awareness, environmental conservation, and social life.

PERAN ORANG TUA DALAM MENSTIMULASI PERKEMBANGAN BAHASA ANAK USIA DINI

Language development in early childhood is a critical aspect in the formation of their cognitive, social and emotional abilities. The role of parents in stimulating this language development holds a central position and significantly influences the pattern of child development. Research shows that regular interactions between parents and children in the prepubescent to early childhood period are critical moments in forming the foundations of language. Parents have several key roles in helping children develop language. First, they serve as the primary models of everyday language use. Through rich and varied verbal interactions, children learn vocabulary, grammatical structures and essential communication skills. Next, parents also play a role in creating a supportive environment for language learning, including reading books, singing songs and telling stories to their children. These activities broaden children's exposure to language and stimulate their imagination and creativity. In addition, parents also play a role in responding positively to children's communication efforts. Listening attentively, providing positive feedback, and stimulating responses to children's speech are important. This encourages children's confidence in speaking and interacting. Last but not least, parents should understand that each child has a different pace and way of learning. Therefore, recognition of children's uniqueness and individual development and patience in helping them overcome difficulties are key in supporting optimal language development. In conclusion, the role of parents in stimulating early childhood language development is crucial. By modeling, creating a supportive environment, responding positively and understanding the uniqueness of each child, parents can play a vital role in forming a strong language foundation for their children.

Study examines parent–child families’ interactions with exhibits in natural history museum

ABSTRACT This study aims to examine how parent–child families interact with exhibits while visiting a natural history museum. The study included 71 parent–child families with children aged 3–12 visiting the Zhejiang Museum of Natural History. Interaction with exhibits was recorded employing tracking and timing, and discourse analysis using video and observation recording forms. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were used to examine the data. The results revealed physical engagement in parent–child family interactions with exhibits and between family members, with high-frequency verbal interactions among members. Families have diverse preferences for different exhibits, with interactive question-and-answer displays being the most popular. The higher the relevance of the exhibit to the visitor’s life, the stronger the interest displayed by the parent–child family. The behaviour of parent–child families is influenced by three factors: exhibits, visitors and space layout, resulting in different visiting routes and patterns.

Un’introduzione al concetto di apocalisse dialogica. Frantumi, cocci, relitti e scorie degli scambi di battute nella poesia italiana del Novecento

The expression «dialogical apocalypse» defines the modalities of dysfunctional communication in twentieth-century Italian poetry, where dialogue does not manifest itself as adherence to mutual communication, but refers to the malfunctioning of communication itself. In lyrical texts, verbal interactions are constantly inserted in a complex network of communication pathologies and dysfunctions. The anti-dialogical function acts on multiple levels: structural (for example, by skipping a turn), pragmatical (as the answers that do not respond), thematic (in particular, the tendency to return to intractable topics, such as death), and relational (the exchange is constituted in conflict and antagonism). The present article aims to frame the anti-dialogical function by proposing a metaphorical juxtaposition between the dialogic process and the Fifteen puzzle, through the comparison between some textual samples (from Gozzano, Caproni, Sereni and Sanguineti) and the main modules of pragmatic incongruity.

IDENTIFYING ACUTE PRECIPITANTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF RACIAL/ETHNIC CONFLICTS IN RESIDENT-TO-RESIDENT AGGRESSION

Abstract Resident-to-resident aggression (RRA) includes negative and aggressive physical, sexual, or verbal interactions between long-term care residents that in a community setting would likely be construed as unwelcome and have high potential to cause physical or psychological distress in the recipient. Though not explored in detail, previous research has shown that ethnic stereotyping may contribute to RRA. Our goal was to examine, for the first time, acute precipitants and consequences of RRA involving racial and ethnic conflicts. The parent study included comprehensive quantitative and qualitative information of 2,011 residents in 10 randomly-selected New York State nursing homes. Our qualitative analyses used an events perspective, focusing on how aggressive situations unfolded. We identified 51 single or repeated incidents of racial and ethnic conflicts during the study observation period. At the facility level, racial and ethnic conflicts were most commonly triggered by congested living spaces. At the relational level, racial and ethnic conflicts were frequently preceded by negative reactions to residents with cognitive impairment. At the individual level, racial and ethnic conflicts were found to be preceded by residents’ unmet or unrecognized needs. Unresolved racial and ethnic conflict commonly resulted in aggression escalation and spillover. Our results indicated racial and ethnic conflicts occurred commonly and repeatedly. Such behavior appeared tolerated and normalized, with limited institutional response. As the long-term care population becomes increasingly diverse, recognizing and addressing potential racial and ethnic conflicts becomes more pressing. Targeting racial and ethnic conflicts in RRA for intervention may also improve interactions between residents and frontline workers.

WHERE TO LOOK FOR THE DRAMATIC AUTHOR? (TRAGEDIES OF PIERRE CORNEILLE)

On the example of Corneille’s tragedy ‟Horace” the article deals with the problem of the dramatic author, who is understood as the subject of writing, manifesting himself through the discourse of personages and the rhetorical structure of the piece as a whole. In order to detect the Author’s position in the activity, we trace his attitude to the authority sanctioned by the poetics of classicism functioning within the boundaries of the analysed text as dominating and striving to absolute expansion and absorption of the entire sign-semantic system (political power). Contrary to the traditional interpretation of the tragedy ‟Horace” we installed that the towering figure of Horace, obscuring all the other characters, with all his key position, does not absorb the entire semiotic space of the tragedy; moreover, the Author is located in relation to it at a noticeable distance. The need is proved to study the tragedy of Corneille as a complex rhetorical construction, established through the interaction-rapprochement and repulsion – of its constituent figurative and semantic links, which is revealed by the example of the discursive relationship of different characters. Analysis of the nature of the discourse of each of the characters in their verbal interaction allowed to reveal the principle that guides and activates the unfolding of the tragic conflict, also to find the most mobile and superior to all others field of semantic tension contained in the image of Sabine as the ‟author’s” character. The observations made in the article allow us to raise the question of the revision of approaches to the definition of classicism as an internally mobile and uneven sign-semantic system.

THE ANALYSIS OF CLASSROOM INTERACTION IN ENGLISH BETWEEN TEACHERS AND STUDENTS AT A KINDERGARTEN IN JAMBI

Interaction is a fundamental aspect of human life, with communication serving as a key component. In educational settings, classroom interaction plays a crucial role in facilitating effective knowledge transmission and fostering learning experiences. This study focuses on examining the patterns and quality of verbal interaction among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students in a kindergarten classroom. This qualitative case study investigates the dynamics of classroom interaction in English between teachers and students at a kindergarten in Jambi. The research aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of the patterns of interaction, describe the types of teacher talk, and explore the characteristics of student talk. Through close observation and analysis, the study reveals compelling findings regarding the dominance of teacher talk, the varied functions of both teacher and student talk, and the emergence of significant themes within the interactions. The results demonstrate that teacher talk holds a prominent role in the classroom, influencing the learning process and managing classroom activities. However, the level of dominance displayed by the teacher varies across different learning activities. Furthermore, the study uncovers distinct types and functions of teacher talk, encompassing accepting feelings, encouraging, accepting students' ideas, asking questions, lecturing, giving directions, criticizing, and silencing. Student talk involved responding, initiating, and silencing.