Verbal Impulsivity Research Articles

A pilot exploration of ADHD symptoms in hoarding disorder: Co-occurring disorders or part of the hoarding syndrome?

Symptoms of ADHD are common in individuals with hoarding disorder (HD). It remains unclear whether these attentional symptoms reflect high co-occurrence rates of ADHD and HD, or whether inattentive symptoms can be conceptualized as intrinsic to the HD syndrome. In addition, inattention (vs. hyperactivity) in particular, appears to be related to HD, but this may be because some inattention criteria (e.g., losing items, disorganization) may be better explained as a result of clutter rather than inattention per se. We explored what specific ADHD symptoms were most likely to be endorsed by individuals with HD, and compared this to a sample of patients with OCD (who have been shown to have some overlapping executive functioning deficits) and a sample of healthy controls. We also examined retrospective ratings of childhood ADHD symptoms to explore whether childhood ADHD symptoms were associated with later HD diagnosis, or whether attentional symptoms in HD onset later in life. Individuals with HD reported higher ADHD symptoms in childhood than did individuals with OCD, and for both clinical groups ADHD symptoms appeared to worsen across the lifespan. Individuals with HD were more likely than were individuals with OCD and healthy controls to endorse inattention subscale items, although the few hyperactive subscale items that were significant appeared to largely reflect verbal impulsivity (e.g., interrupting others, talking too much, “blurting out” responses preemptively). Specific criteria endorsed varied by diagnosis, suggesting that individuals with HD may have a different, specific inattention profile.

Bing-Neel Syndrome Mimicking Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia.

An 80-year-old man presented with a 2-year history of cognitive deficits, apathy, and verbal impulsivity, suggestive of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. Medical history included idiopathic facial nerve palsy and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, a lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Brain MRI showed paraventricular, leptomeningeal, and cranial nerve enhancement (Figure) and enlarged ventricles. Immunocytologic analysis of CSF (58 MPt/L, protein 2.69 g/L, immunoglobulin M 173.25 mg/L) revealed neoplastic B cells. Brain biopsy and immunohistology confirmed Bing-Neel syndrome, a rare diffuse or tumorous1 central nervous manifestation of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. Clinical features include sensory or motor deficits, behavioral and cognitive changes, as well as facial or oculomotor nerve palsy.2

Interpretability and Validity of a Bifactor Model of ADHD in Young Adults: Assessing the General “g” and Specific IA and HI Factors

The current study investigated the clinical utility and validity of a bifactor model for representing ADHD symptoms in young adults. Two-hundred and seventy-eight participants (33.8% male) aged 18–24 and informants completed well-validated measures of ADHD symptoms and internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Results across self- and informant-report methods suggested a bifactor model with inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive specific factors as the best fitting conceptualization of ADHD symptoms. Within this bifactor model, the general (“g”) factor was found to be an interpretable representation of most ADHD symptoms that demonstrated significant associations with several internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Over and above “g,” inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive specific factors appeared to account for unique information in ADHD symptoms, particularly those corresponding with difficulties following through on instructions and verbal impulsivity, respectively. Specific factors also appeared to account for unique information pertaining to anxious/depressed and intrusive behavioral dysfunction, over and above either “g” or total ADHD symptom count scores. Overall, results suggested that integration of different components of the bifactor model, particularly HI, into clinical practice may help parse heterogeneity in ADHD-related phenotypes during young adulthood.

Effects of Self-Control Utilizing Visual Cue on Verbal Impulsivity of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

본 연구에서는 자폐 스펙트럼 장애 학생을 대상으로 선행자극인 시각적 단서를 이용한 자기통제 기술이 언어 충동성 극복에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 또한 직전의 조건에서 참여자가 크게 의존했던 학습도구로서 시각적 단서를 용암한 조건 하에서 자기통제가 언어 충동성 극복에 미치는 효과를 입증하고자 학령기 자폐 스펙트럼 장애 3명의 학생을 대상으로 대상자 간 중다기초선설계와 조건변경설계를 혼합한 설계 형태를 적용하여 실험 설계하였다. 본 연구는 외생변인의 통제를 위한 중재 전 사전 검사를 실시하였고, 기초선, 중재, 유지 순서로 진행하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 시각적 단서를 이용한 자기통제가 학령기 자폐 스펙트럼 장애의 언어 충동성 극복을 가능하게 했으며 용암을 통한 자연환경 조건에서도 언어 충동성 극복 능력이 지속되었다. 뿐만 아니라 자기통제 기술의 습득으로 인한 언어 충동성의 변화는 중재가 종료된 후에도 유지됨을 알 수 있 었다.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of self-control skills utilizing antecedent stimulus with visual cues on overcoming verbal impulsivity among students with autism spectrum disorder. Also, in order to prove the effect of self-control under condition that faded out visual cues as learning media participants depended highly on under the previous condition on overcoming verbal impulsivity, a mixed form of multiple baseline design across subjects and changing condition design was applied among three school-aged students with autism spectrum disorder. Prior to the implementation of the intervention, pre-test was administered to control the extraneous variables issued and then the baseline, intervention, and maintenance phases followed. The results of this study are as follows: Self-control using visual cues turned out to enable verbal impulsivity of school-aged autism spectrum disorder to be overcome. Moreover, the capabilities to overcome verbal impulsivity continued under natural environment conditions through fading. In addition, change of verbal impulsivity resulting from through acquisition of self-control skills was maintained even after termination of intervention.

Impulsivity and Traumatic Brain Injury

To assess the interrelations of neuropsychological tests and rating scales with in vivo behavioral observation of impulsive behavior, accounting for the mode of expression (verbal or motor). Cross-sectional, correlational. An urban, inpatient rehabilitation facility in the Midwestern United States. Forty patients who were hospitalized in the traumatic brain injury unit. Impulsivity Rating Scale and Agitated Behavior Scale (completed by rehabilitation therapists), Barratt Impulsivity Scale (patient self-report), neuropsychological tests, and in vivo behavioral observation of impulsivity using a structured checklist during rehabilitation therapy. Relations of impulsivity rating scales and performance tests to in vivo behavior dissociated. Verbal impulsivity was best assessed by rating scales and was largely unrelated to performance measures of impulsivity, whereas motor impulsivity was best assessed by performance tests and was unrelated to rating scales. Performance tests also had poor specificity, showing equally strong associations with tests of other neuropsychological domains. Impulsivity is a multidimensional construct that should be assessed in a variety of ways. Using either rating scales or neuropsychological tests alone will not likely yield a comprehensive representation of TBI patients' impulsive behaviors. In vivo observation in the clinical setting showed strong ability to identify impulsivity in the presence of global deficits.

Impulsive, But Violent?

Links between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and relationship aggression were explored in 157 college students. ADHD and comorbid disorders, such as conduct disorder (CD), were small but significant predictors of both physical and sexual aggression in relationships. The role of pragmatic language difficulties was also investigated. Verbal impulsivity—a tendency to blurt out thoughts and interrupt others—predicted relationships aggression. Once verbal impulsivity had been accounted for, ADHD and CD symptons were no longer significant predictors, suggesting that verbal impulsivity and an inability to successfully negotiate relationship difficulties might account for the ADHD-relationship aggression link.